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About Tillamook headlight. (Tillamook, Or.) 1888-1934 | View Entire Issue (June 28, 1906)
r- .■ THE LAMP'S EVOLUTION. EXCAVATIONS OF ANCIENT CIT IES SHOW IT OVER SIX THOUSAND YEARS OLD. Originally was a Conch Shell and a Twist of Cotton Western Inge «1- uity Devised the Brass Burner and Regulator. By EDGAR JAMES BANKS, Ph. I>. The Oriental lamp is the same now as it always has been—a simple dish of clay, stone, bronze or glass, filled with oil; its wick is a rag or a twist of cotton, one end of which is Immersed ip oil and the other rests over the edge of the dish to be lighted. This was the lamp not only of ancient Babylonia and Egypt, but also of the Hebrews, Greeks, Romans, and all other early peoples. Even to this day it is the com mon lamp of Mesopotamia. In Saint Sophia, the great mosque of Constanti nople, there is no other method of il lumination. The first artificial light with which primitive man brightened the dark ness of night was the camp fire, ttie same tire with which he slightly roasted tils meat and warmed bis naked body. At just wliat age the idea of lighting by other means first occurred to him is no longer known, but the excavations at the Babylonian mound, Blsinya, the ruin of the oldest known city In the world, have shown that it was in the very long ago, per haps thousand» of year» before 4500 B. C. During the excavations far beneath n temple which was constructed at tliat remote date, among the ruins of earlier ages, there was found a large concli shell about 8 inches In length. Its exterior had lieen worn smooth by constant handling, and a section at its opening and half o- its elongated valve bad been cut away so that it form«! a deep dish terminating in a long anout. In its interior were slight traces of a thin, black deposit. At first the use for which this dlsli was Intended was puzzling; it was weeks later when it suddenly occurred to me that this sea-shell waB the primitive lamp, the ancestor of the great family of lamps. Some time later, while excavating at a higher level In the temple refuse heap, where the pries*» of 4500 B. C. threw tile broken and discarded utensils of tlie temp’ service, there appeared among the dozens of baskets full Vf polished and cut stone several 'triangular object» which resembled the conch shell in shape. One of ala baster was entire; others were frag mentary, yet their original forms could be restored. They were the lamps which came into vogue after the concli bad passed away, or when it became so scarce tliat it was no longer em ployed, and stone was substituted in its place. Although the conch was dis carded. Its triangular form remained, even to the natural snout for the sup port of tlie wick, which wus repro duced In tlie stone. To the curly Babylonian, tlie pure, almost transparent alabaster lamp was perfect In shape; the next step in the evolution was lu its decoration. In- | stead of the plain exterior, it was engraved with reticulated or curved lines; liut a more Important step in Its decoration was when Uie lamp-maker concelvi'd tlie iden of suiqiortlng tlie wick in u hole at the sharp corner. One such exumple from the Bisuiya temple refuse heup terminated in a the civilized West, who would no longer rest the wick upon the edge of the receptacle for the oil, to pass it through the brass arrangement which lie called the burner, and to provide it with a screw in order that it might be raised or lowered, and the essentials of the modern oil lamp were as sembled. While we have the sea-shell, the lamp of primitive man of over ti.ooo years ago, it would be interesting to know what kind of oil was burned. Ibe olive tree produces the illuminat ing oil of the model Orient, and al though in other parts of the world the f“t of animals was used, the unchanging customs of the East lead us to infer that olive oil was also then employed. The wick was doubtless a twist of the cotton which grows wild along the shores of d.e Tigris and the Euphrates.—Engineering News. Old Methods Succeed. It has been claimed that old methods of doing business cannot succeed in this twentieth century of ours, but a striking example of where old manners have been and are yet successful may be found in the busiest city of the world —New York. Right in the heart of the wholesale district may be found a restaurant that is feeding more people every day of the year than any other house in New York City, and doing it along the line of “old methods.” It is claimed for this famous eating house that every pound of food used is i>aid for in cash upon the day it is purchased and that the proprietors have never yet given a check in pay ment for supplies, nor owed one dollar at the close of the day, and they keep no books. Each morning the dealers supplying this remarkable establishment deliver the necessary goods at the receiving department and then form in a line leading to the cashier’s desk where each one in turn receives his money in good hard coin. When evening comes whatever is left in the cash drawer is profit, less charges such as taxes, light, fuel &c. A further boast of the owner of this restaurant is that its doors have never been locked since first opened, way back in "wartime,” and that no one knows where the key now is. An idea of the number of people fed may be gained from the fact that table salt, used exclusively by the patrons at the tables and not including any used for cooking, is purchased every four months In ten barrel lots, each barrel containing three hundred pounds. FARMER IMMIGRAS Is, After threatening to call members I postage »tamp», an^*%ln"X“<1out by name if they did not obey, the band i the pontFregg. The road* Some of Our Citizens Make C om of agriculturists, shouting and yelling ! since he came to Cong2“\,.‘„.... , thp Farmers-But Poor City Dwellers/ of these letters again plunged the for the free seeds "toot’ quieted down, Many of our Italian immigrants are iu disorder and WOODLAWN MANSION, PART OF and Mr. Cooks was enabled to proceed. House good farmers, after their fashion of PITY THE POOR FARMER. SEEDS VERSUS BATTLESHIPS. Mr Gaines, of Tennessee, endeav laborious intensive cultivation. They WASHINGTON'S ESTATE, NOW Free seeds found another doughty ored to l»e beard above the noise and are wretchedly poor, but they are chil CHANGES HANDS. ‘com dren of the soil and where they occ*. champion in South Trimble of Ken- confusion. As he sat down, by com- Mr. Trimble asserted that the mand of the Chair, he managed to say sionally do get Into the same con- tucky. -------- A Gift trom the First President to ----- were that the bill was loaded with all kinds genial occupation in this country they seed uuutvto dealers of the country ’ His Adopted Daughter-Playwright Heeu of appropriations to take cure of aud make good farmers and eveotuau» instigating the newspapers to lignt iuDLi^UUUB * “ *' — — • * • Paul Kester Disposes of Manor to free seeds. Real farmers wanted mese suppress the "mouth aud foot disease, good citizens. Princeton Woman. The greater part of the immigrants _ ___ farmers who hollow horn, and hollow tail,” but took seeds, but kid-glove from tlie farmer the few seeds in fact, now pouring Into the country the granges Another change of owners has come run t*-~ o—w — did — not . need „ ,, them away to Woodlawn Mansion, that historic and did not want them. It this w as ¿at he every year looked forward are better qualified for agricultural and horticultural pursuits than for property having been bought by Miss graft, be said, it was the only kind to receiving. _ , any others. These pursuits were their» Elizabeth M. Sharp, of Princeton, N J., of which every one of the *0,000,000 This new outburst of eloquence on in their European homes, and but for from Paul Kester, who dramatized people of the country got a piece. the part of Mr. Gaines J'1® certain difficulties they would natural “When Knighthood Was in Flower, Advocating economy In other direc House Into convulsive laughter. ly resort to them here. The trouble la, and other plays. When the members hail partially re Woodlawn Mansion was the home of tions, Mr. Trimble suggested less ex covered their composure Mr. Gaints there is nobody ready, as a general Lawrence Lewis, son of Betty Wash- penditure on battle ships “If we stay rushed down the aisle, carrying a maa» thing, to offer them employment, in groups, on the land; and transporta of manuscript in both hands, holding it tion to the land is more or less expen aloft, shouting that he had htintlre V sive. On the other hand, there are al of letters from farmers favoring free ways contractors ready to engage them seeds. for railroad, mining and similar em As chairman Wadsworth reached out ployments in the seaboard States, and his hand for them, Mr. Gaines laid sometimes in other States; more often them on a desk and began pulli-g from they simply settle down in the big and the bunch various documents. It already congested cities. They take developed that among these “hun what they can get; and, more espe dreds” of letters there were an unusu- cially, what will be most likely to en I ally large portion of bills of varl°u® able them to enjoy the continued com sorts and other “pub. docs.” that had panionship of their fellow Immigrants. The newcomer dreads the isolation no relevancy to the seed question. Again the members shrieked and which will usually be his lot if he ac. gathered in the n!sle, forcing the cepts employment on a farm. Under the far-sighted plan of ths chairman to resort to every parlla- men who are colonizing some WeBtern mentary expedient to secure order. When the bill came up for a vote areas, particularly in California and the free seeds were continued by a New Mexico, all these difficulties are vote of 153 to 82, A fight for the abo - avoided. Groups of agriculturists of ishuient of the free seed practice will the same nationality are brought to continue, for it iS believed tliat the gether, and invited to become owners sending out of the packages are of no of small tracts, sold to them on easy practical benefit to the farming classes terms. Ten acres of good land, so ob of the country, and it is safe to say tainable—and the price of which he that next year’s bU| will find the ap can usually pay in labor for others— propriation for these seeds omitted is a very attractive proposition to the when it comes iron* the committee average immigrant, especially when, and the probabilities are that by that in his new home, he may be sur time a majority of uie members of the rounded by others of his own race. The plan has been already demon House will support the committee. WOODLAWN MANSION. strated to be very profitable to the ington and Fielding Lewis, of Fred at home, mind our own business, let Since 189(1 the world’s annual pro promoters also. ericksburg, and nephew of the great other people alone, we shan’t need a duction of gold has doubled. The highest mountain In Colorado George Washington. The wife of Law battle ship any more than a burglar rence Lewis was Nellie Custis, grand needs a jlmmv and a dark lantern,” There are now one million pension is Massive, 14,424, and the next is daughter of Mrs. Martha Washington shouted Mr. Trimble. This sentiment, ers on the pension rolls of the United Elbert, 14,421. Pike’s Peak is 14,108 and the adopted daughter of George notwithtanding the speaker was a States. feet high and there are twenty moun trifle mixed in his metaphor, met with Washington. tains in Colorado higher than thia. The marriage of Nellie Custis and prolonged applause from the gallant The number of cameras made In the young Lewis was the social event of the band of free-seeders. The most expensive fish In the fish United States last year was 300,000, year 1799. The marriage took place in Mr. Lilley, of Connecticut, read let worth about $20,000,000. A gener markets of the United States is ths the mansion house at Mount Vernon ters from his consltuents, some asking ation ago a camera was an unusual English sole which retails for about on the birthday of Washington, and in for Shropshire sheep, Durham bulls, object. sixty cents per pound. the year of his death. Washington gave to the couple a tract of forest land covering a range of hills on the Mount Vernon property two miles southwest of the mansion house, Lewis personal- ly saw that a part of the woods were cleared away, and in the clearing he had erected the great house which he called Woodlawn. The place passed to Lorenzo Lewis at the death of his mother, Nellie Custis Lewis, and by him was sold in 1848 to two Quakers from New Jersey. Chalkley Gillingham and Jacob M. Troth. The sons of these men live near the estate to-day, Jacob M. Troth, the younger, living on an adjoining farm and on land that was a part of the original Woodlawn. The house passed through many hands anil in 1900 was bought by Paul Kester, who now sells it to Miss Sharp. FAMOUS VIRGINIA BONE. Wanted AH the Goodies. Teddy was about to be ten years old. In view of this interesting event Ted dy’s mother had ordered some Ice cream and cakes ond other dainties, and Teddy was told to Invite his little friends to a birthday party. The even ing of the celebration came around, and all the goodies were waiting to be enjoyed. Teddy and his mother were also waiting. Suddenly the youngster said: "Mother, don’t you think It’s time to eat the ice-cream and cake now?" “No, indeed, my son,” she replied, “we must wait until your friends are here.” “Well, to tell you the truth, mother,” began Teddy, "1 just thought that for (Continued from procoding page.) once in my life I’d like to have enough goodies, so 1 guess we better begin Currier, of New Hampshire, where it is commonly understood one of the chief now, ’cause I didn’t invite anyone." industries is that of raising rocks, granite, and marble, protested against his assertion tliat the farmers were not in sympathy with the free-seed busi ness. They declared the farmers of their State demanded them anyhow. Mr. Cocks read letters from the edi tors of practically every agricultural paper in the country, denouncing free seeds, and when he frankly admitted bo had written these editors asking their opinion of the proposed action of the committees lie wav attacked by the advocates of free seeds as if he had committed some crime. ALL ABOUT SEED “ADS.’ Mr. Bartlett wanted to know It those papers carried advertisements of the seed deniers, to which Mr. Cocks af firmed that he had no doubt of it. as the business of soiling seeds was a legitimate one. Mr. Fortney did not believe the answers represented an honest opinion, as the replies bad been sought Mr. Cocks endeavored to proceed with his argument re-enforcing it with citations from a stack of letters, hut LAMPS OF LATE BABYLONIAN AND PERSIAN PERIODS. he spoke amid a confusion that marked the day as the most unruly of the en rnm's bond. the lighted end of the wick tire session. Mr. Gains shouted him projecting from Its mouth. After the AO It THE WATCH TRUST. self hoarse—and that is a difficult discovery of the hole for the wick. It tiling, even for Mr. Gaines to do; Mr. wns tin easy step to cover the entire Representative Vreeland the Victim Mann scolded, as he often dot's when lamp, with the exception of an opening of a Joke During Match Monopoly he fails to approve; Mr. Fordney, Mr. In the center to receive the oil Thus French, Mr. Sims, u. . Chandler, and Controversy. the lump of classlenl times originated. others asked questions simultaneously, When Representative Rainey of Illi Another Intereatlng example from Bis- nois, a few days ago, made a speech in and the chairman of the committee all tuya Is an extremely large marble Congress on the alleged watch trust, but broke liis gavel in a vain endeavor lamp, oval In shape and with vertical ho opened up a subject that has been to maintain order. At one time it walls. The snout for Its wick Is a decided interest in Congressional looked as if the mace, (but symbol of deep groove extending out alamt 2 of ever since, lie had a collection the dignity and power of the House, Inches, and with Its support from be circles of watches on his desk which he would have to lie taken from its perch neath It resembles the handle of a mod showed as exhibits. and waved over the heads of refrac ern dish. This lamp held about two Representative Vreeland of New tory and angry free-seed mutineers quarts of oil, and, ns It was found tn York found another phase of the watch who ref usih I to take their seats when the ruins of the temple, Its unusual question which he wanted to talk so ordered. else suggests that In the Babylonian about, and proceeded to stock up with temple, as In the aynagoguea of a later sample watches and watch cases. He era. and In some churches, even to the had tho assortment nicely displayed on present day, a light was kept perpet his desk, when, by a prearrangement, ually burning. he was called out into the corridor. As soon as he was gone a Joker In a Previous to 4000 B. C. the lamps, ns neighboring scat produced three mem well as most dlshea and household el orandum spindles, two short and one feet», were of stone; after that time tall. He set them in a row on Vree- obj« .a of burned clay began to np land's desk, Then he produced three |s'»r. Before tliat date lamp» were oranges and carefully stuck one on found only in tlie ruliis of the temple; the point of each spindle, producing later clay lamps wore found in tlie the perfect effect of the three golden dwelling houses of the people. Of the balls of the pawn shop sign. latter a variety of ahopM have ap "Well, by gosh!” exclaimed Vree- peared. Nome are triangular, the shape land. when he came back. The laugh suggest .si by the conch; one Is a min scared his intended speech out of him. iature boat; other» of a later period are identical In ahape and size with those of Rome and Greet*«. Tlie lamp Mrs. Ferguson.—George, dear, how of these nations was undoubtedly lx>r do you like my new hat? rowed from the older civilisation of Mr. Ferguson.—Do you want my real Babylonia. The common clay lamp opinion of It. Laura? of I’erela and of tlie time of Haroun Mrs. Ferguson.—No, I don’t, you er llaschld assumed a round form mean thing! with a dent In Ita rim for the wick, resembling In every respect a minia "Do you think a man’» importance la ture frying ¡win, from which the handle Magistrate: XVhst’s yonr name? la iniMing. The lamp of modern ling- measured by hts pocketbook?" 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