Tillamook headlight., May 17, 1906, Image 6

,í
fe. -
THE SMALL GARDEN.
How to Make a Back Yard Supply the Table Vegetables.
GUV ELLIOTT WcHELL.
I
I
Ilaveyoua small garden? If not, why?
There is no reason why anyone with
the slighteet taste for the pursuit
should not be successful in raising
a garden with very small expense or
effort. Unfortunately in most works
on horticulture, and in all short art­
icles on the subject it is taken ror
granted that the reader has some pre­
vious knowledge of the business, or at
any rate has his garden already pre­
pared by an expert. This will not be
the case with many who intend to
move into suburban homes this spring,
so it is for their benefit the following
hints are given. Even the circum­
scribed area available at the back of a
twenty-five foot frontage, will, if prop­
erly handled, furnish enough green
delicacies to materially reduce the
grocery bills during the summer, and
add much to the health and comfort of
the family, for a twenty-five foot lot
of ordinary depth should permit the
rear fifty feet to be used for gardening
purposes.
In many instances careless contract­
ors scatter the subsoil removed when
excavating basements all over the lot.
When this has been the case the work
of preparing the garden ground is in­
creased as this unfertile soil must be
removed, until not more than three
Inches are left on the plot it is pro­
posed to cultivate. When this is well
leveled the ground can be treated the
same way as if still covered with sod,
the trenching being carried slightly
deeper. The ground having been made
reasonably level the best course to
pursue is to stretch a garden line three
feet from the fence lengthwise of the
plot, and parallel with it stretch an­
other, leaving a space of two feet be­
tween them. Cut along both lines
with a sharp spade, and a turf path
clear to the alley Is the result. Prob­
ably the sod on this will not at first
look very tempting, but constant travel
over it, if not too frequent, will im­
prove ft so that in time it will afford
a smooth green walk. Now dig a
trench a foot wide and a foot deep
across the end of the three foot space
lietween the fence and the path, plac­
ing the soil removed, somewhere con­
venient for future use. Into this trench
throw the sod removed fromthesecond
foot, taking care to invert it when do­
ing so, and then add a thick layer of
coarse manure, tramping it well down.
On top of this throw a deep spadeful
of the underlying soil, and repeat Hie
so constructed will stand
garden
A „
_____________
great extremes of wet and drouth,
for it is a mistake to suppose that
plants on well laid up beds suffer in
dry weather, on the contrary they will
continue to thrive when those on the
level are withering, so no one need be
afraid of making high beds, though
eighteen inches from the crown to the
foot ot the ditch is sufficient elevation
unless the location is very iow. Some
think
that to devote so
people might
__
1_..............
much space to paths with such a
small area available is a useless
waste. This
___ is not the case, for the
frequent paths enable the gardener to
till and gather his crops without the
necessity of treading on the cultivated
ground, an advantage that far offsets
the loss of space. The same plan may
be followed on property a lot and a
half wide, though, if two full lots are
available, an additional grass walk
down the centre will be useful, and add
much to the appearance of the garden,
which, if all lines are kept perfectly
ditch, the next two feet from it, and
the same on the other side. The two
middle rows of the first bed should be
planted with a second early pea, such
as Heroine or Dwarf Telephone and
the outside two with an extra early,
such as Motts Excelsior, as this ar­
rangement enables the peas first ready
to be picked without disturbing the
others. The same course should be
pursued in the second bed, a second
early filling the outside rows, while
one of the glaut late varieties such as
Stratagem or Duke of Albany oc­
cupies the other tw-o. Nothing is
more vexatious to a gardener than to
raise a patchy crop. To avoid this
the drills should always be made four
inches wide. For peas they should
be three or four inches deep according
to the heavy or light nature of the
soil. The seeds may be planted some­
what thickly, say a dozen to each four
inches of row of the width recommend­
ed. When six inches high, the soil
should be drawn well against the outer
stems in order to induce the plants to
A SMALL GARDEN WITH CAREFUL CULTIVATION
WILL PRODUCE ABUNDANT CROPS OF FRESH VEGETABLES.
Dp Einn, the
Nine Million Plows at Work
rendered the use of a rake unadvts-
able for quite a long period. There
are several varieties of hand planters
on the market, the best of which save
much labor when planting the coarser
seeds, but a drill or wheel hoe is un­
necessary in a small garden.
Many suburban gardenershavewater
available. This is not an unmixed
blessing, for to spray plants in hot
dry weather is a fatal mistake. At
such times the foliage is not prepared
by nature ¡0 receive an artillcial sup­
ply of moist're, while if the plants
once become accustomed to it they
must have li regularly. Constant rak­
ing is far better than watering for if
no crust is allowed to form on the
surface of the soil the plants will al­
ways find enough moisture, unless a
very long drought sets in. Even when
this is the case spraying should never
be resorted to, the only sate course to
pursue being to block the outlet drain
and to place the hose so as to fill the
drainage system, but even this must
never be done until after sunset. Seed
should always be sown in dry soil but
immediately after a bed has been seed­
ed quicker germination can be secured
by giving the ground a moderate soak­
ing though after the young shoots ap­
pear they will not send their roots
down deeply if constantly watered,
and the rootlets that penetrate the
soil in search of moisture not only
find what they are after, but a good
deal of useful plant food as well.
As to fertilizers, a wagon load or
two or fairly coarse manure may be
used to good advantage during the
trenching process if it Is carefully
stamped down on top of the sod
thrown in the trenches, but afterwards
nothing but fine well rotted manure
should be used which should be at
least two years old in order to avoid
the danger of importing the seeds of
noxious weeds. This should be thor­
oughly incorporated with the soil after
the crops have been gathered in the
fall. As to commercial fertilizers,
outside lime and salt, though good in
their place, I fancy amateur gardeners
are better without them. Really the
rake, besides being the best watering
pot, is the best fertilizer I know of,
for its constant use permits the air
to reach the roots of the growing
plants and the atmosphere carries
more elements necessary for vegetable
life than can be supplied by any
chemical compound.
With regard to second crops,
gardener worthy the name ever
mits any space to lie fallow, if
possible to raise a second crop on it
The pea vines, as soon as picked over,
should be cleared away, and the »pace
they occupied sown with beans, quick
growing varieties of which may be
planted with good prospects of their
yielding a crop as late as mid July.
The only preparation the bed will need
is loosening up, not turning over, with
a four tined stable fork, and then hoe­
ing In a barrowful of tine manure. The
first beans ready should also be fol­
lowed by a second crop, early varieties
being chosen, and any ground that be­
comes vacant between the end of July
and the middle of August should be
lightly sprinkled with turnip seed, and
well raked over. After that date
radishes are the only safe crop to sow.
If these simple directions are faith­
fully followed, especially those relat­
ing to the first preparations of the
ground, any amateur gardener is
bound to raise a succession of crops
which will go far towards supplying
the family with green delecacies, even
if his energies are confined to a very
limited area. .
P ercy T aylob .
It’s plowing time. Two hundred
million acres of land will be plowed
this year in the United States and
about 9,000,000 plows are on the farms
to do the work. The capital invested
in plows alone represents JSO.OOO.OOO.
Such a multitude of types of plows
and plowers can be found on this old
continent that wo can but name a
few. In the great southwest the Mo­
have with his three or four squaws
starts for the planting ground. Each
woman carried her digging stick, the
most primitive of fall plows, and the
man stands guard all day while the
"original farmers" of this country dig
the land and plant their gourd seeds.
In Canada but for the interference of
the government we might’ see the
Doukhabor women drawing the plow
in exactly the same way that they
have done for centuries. In New
England the oxen are being yoked,
and in the middle west the fourhorse
teams are ready. In the south the
negro sits on his plow hilt to watch
the train go by.
In other parts of the country we And
traction engines at work, plowing
forty or more acres a day and requir­
ing but two or three men to do it.
MISTAKES AllOl'T NICOTINE.
Doesn't Accumulate in Pipe Stems
Very Little Nicotine Poisoning.
There are probably few subjects
about which more people are misin­
formed than nicotine.
Nearly everyone speaks of the dark
brown substance which has about the
consistency and color of molasses and
accumulates in the stems of pipes as
nicotine. According to a scientific ar­
ticle, it is not nicotine at all, and it
has no nicotine in it.
It is nothing but tar—tobacco tar,
distilled from the smoke, just as coal
tar is distilled from coal and pine tar
from pine wood. One might swallow
all the tobacco tar that a rank clay
pipe contains without serious harm.
If he swallowed the same quantity ot
nicotine he would probably be dead
inside of five minutes.
It is the tar that stains the pipe,
and it is the same tar that stains
the cigarette smoker’s fingers. It is
also found inside the nostrils ot one
who inhales smoke, and it puts an
indelible stain on mustaches.
It is true that tobacco contains
more nicotine than any other known
plant, hut nicotine is not a plentiful
article in nature. The rankest Ken­
tucky tobacco contains less than 8 per
cent of nicotine, and the finer grades
of tobacco, such as Havana, have less
than 2 per cent.
One often hears cigarettes condemn­
ed because the smoker gets so much
more nicotine through inhaling the
smoke. The fact is that a cigarette
smoker gets almost no nicotine, be­
cause the tobacco of which cigarettes
are made contains next to no nico­
tine. Turkish and Egyptian tobaccos
carry only a trace of nicotine, and
some of them none at all.
But no matter how much of this
deadly element a tobacco contains,
the smoker does not get it. Nicotine
is not extracted by burning the tobac­
co. Burning destroys it entirely.
One often hears of nicotine poison­
ing, but it is very doubtful if there is
any such thing. When one is poison­
ed with nicotine he dies, and he
doesn’t get poisoned by smoking.
There are plenty of good reasons why
smoking should not be carried to ex­
LONG ISLAND’S DARREN LANDS. cess, but nicotine poisoning is not
one of them.
straight, will in any case be attractive, lean towards the centre of the bed.
even when the beds are bare.
The third bed may well be used for
it is obvious that to ensure sym­ croi>s suitable for salad. The two
metry, and for many other reasons, centre rows being devoted to a late
a plow is entirely out of place in and early lettuce, the outside ones to
gardens of this size, in order to white barletta onions, which are a
achieve success the work must posi­ sure crop and the best variety for
tively be done by hand and conscient­ bunching or pickling. They will do
iously done at that. The expense is best in the outside rows, as then they
really very small, and need only be can more easily be weeded and thinned
incurred once, for a garden so con- out, and may be sown quite thickly an
stucted will need very little work to inch deep in drills four inches wide.
prepare it the second season.
To mark the rows radish seed should
As to the use to be made of the be sprinkled very lightly in them.
beds when proporly prepared, much
The centre rows of the next bed
depends on the taste of the gardener, I should be sown with early beans to
but a very good way to utilize the
fences on either side is to sow along
them scarlet runners mixed with other
Project to Make Them Productive
beans. The runners with their gor-
Railroad Making Experiments.
geous flowers which bloom from June
Another railroad has essayed the
till October are very ornamental. They
problem of reclaiming land. This
are also prolific croppers, and despite
time It is the Long Island Railroad
an absurd prejudice against them, the
Company. It has taken under Its con­
young pods, when cooked green, are
trol a plot of land containing about
delicious, while the shelled beans are
seventeen acres near the end of the
superior to limas. Scarlet runners
north shore of the island. The land
may be planted as soon as the ground
Is typical of much of that on Long Is­
I is warm, even as early as mid April,
land. It is known
’
as pine-barren«,
for the bean itself remains in the
is considered sterile and is in the full-
Market Gardener Cutting Asparagus Tips,
ground sending only its shoot to the
e«t sense of the word waste land,
procesa until the bed is all dug over. surface. They should be sown two at
The rail read company will establish
A> soon a» the surface is dry rake in a time; about four Inches deep, and a
m experimental fruit and vegetable
thoroughly a dressing of fine manure, foot apart, so that when all danger
farm. The company also intends to
mixed with a liberal amount of lime, of frost Is over, more delicate beans
establish an experimental farm near
and a little coarse salt. Then smooth may be planted between them. The
the middle of the island and another
and level the ground, giving a slope best for this purpose are Cranberry,
on the south shore.
of about a foot from the fenco to the Kentucky Wonder and Golden Clus­
Suffolk county has nu area of 739,
edge of the path. Follow the same ter, as their flowers and pods form a
117 acres of which 40,000 have been
course on the other side of the lot, and charming contrast with those of the
eeteemed
of so little value that they
at the rear end.
runner.
In order not to Interfere
have never been assessed for taxes,
Thia mode of procedure furnishes with the early care of the climbers
and the value of 200,000 acres of the
two beds fifty feet long and one of It would be well to leave the space
remainder is so slight that the taxre
fifteen which are available for climbing between them and the grass walks va­
levied have been nominal. The des­
plants, with a permanent walk around cant until tomatoes, cabbages and pep­
patches telling of this experlmeut of
the garden giving access to the alley pers are ready to plant out by which
the Long island Railroad announce
MAILNER KREN
on both aides. The space between the time, if tlje soil has been kept well
that several other railroad companies
paths if treated In the same fashion, pulverised, the beans will be able to New Horseradish from Bohemia.—An Improved Will be Interested spectators of the re-
and Excellent Variety for Garden Us«.
will be sufficient to provide five beds, care for themselves. The little bed
suits, which if satisfactory will be
each eight by fifteen feet leaving be-j at the foot of the garden might be supply pods. Valentine! for a green ioUoweiL
exampIefl worthy to be
variety, and Wardweir» Wax for a
American raidroads not only op«
yellow one are probably the best. The
outside rows should be reserved for wp dcw land to settlement, but exert
beets, as they require thinning and themselves to attract settlers and al-
weeding. The centre rows of the fifth •o reclaim waste land. The railroads
wf,st baTC done effective work
bed should also be put in beans, late • J „
varieties being chosen that are suitable •a Proraottn* emigration to that section
for shelling, just as they reach their •nd the roads of the south and soutb-
full size.
Yellow Swedish and Red X,"*,are .now, rartlcularly active In
Flageolets are far the best for this rn«Uhfr.taS,ratl0n' The southern
purpose. One outside row should be an^Jh.L perhaps done more than
sown to Chard, a delicious and pro­ i«yr.°!,h r *SfncJ' In turning the tide
immigration into the cotton
lific vegetable much neglected in
••<! the tuu clUee of
this country, while the others will sup­ tbe »eta.
ply plenty of radishes it they are
sown broadcast On a double lot a bed
or two should be reserved for early po­
Enough Is Enough,
tatoes, as nothing is better than the
Qu/“,1”8. work wlth a million dollars
young tubers when fresh dug, but
they begin to deteriorate very rapidly saved In twenty-five years, the mana
as soon as exposed to the air, for Ker of the Waldorf-Astoria In New
nothing equal in flavor to home grown York sets an example that might well
product can be obtained from a be followed by those men who get the
market man.
money-making craze and develop
With regard to culture, no matter from captains of industry” through
how strong the temptation may be, no plutocrats to something worse
one should ever attempt to do any­ Thomas H Hillard came from Ireland
thing in a garden when the foliage is when he bad attained his majority
wet with dew or rain, or until the soil He Is now forty-six and a millionaire
IDEAL GROWTH OF lOMATOtS A FfW LATE Pt ANTS AISO AFFORD A PICKLE SllPPtV.
is sufficiently dry to crumble between having made It all In hotel manage­
the fingers without adhering to them, ment and a careful investment of his
1,,rvn h i foot I devoted to Japanese climbing cucum-l
cucum-1
______________
_ savings. He is of the opinion that he
and
It can be avoided
no foot should
wide to »enre as a weeding path, and! |.ers. They do well In thi/ climate: ever If press
the cultivated ground. The las worked hard enough and long
as a drain for carrying off the surface and their fruit Is motvsvtr-
«metrical and j most efficacious tool in any garden is
water an outlet ladtig provided for cleaner than that of (he creeping a sharp and narrow rake, which should ■ nough. Acquaintance with the range
of hotel prices. In connection with ho­
till» alongside either or luth the Ion vari y, which take up too —J much
gitudinnl walks as cireunistnnce» mar to be available in a small garden. room i be constantly run between the rows tel tips, would indicate that he had
|
whenever
the
ground
Is
dry.
Excbpt
also worked people enough, although
require. Three beds should be neatly
As to the five centre beds they
rounded up with soil taken from the! should of course be mainly devoted to . in very wet seasons this implement there has been nothing in Mr Hil
I
when
frequently
used
will
suffice
to
lard’s career to show that he has ever
Intervening spaces and as soon as I r< riables that are at their best when
dry, thoroughly raked and smoothed. fn-sh gathered. Peas belong to this 1 keep down all weeds between the rows, made an overcharge. On the other
I
which
ft
also
keeps
the
soil
sufficient
­
They will then furnish an admirable I. ■gory,
, and besides yielding well
hand, he has devised many of the
ly pulverized to act as a watering pot modern conveniences that add to the
seed bed that should be almost free I are almos
from seeds, the undersoil of which to raise. The HrttP^rt “ide “^sr as well. An expert gardener seldom delectability of hotel existence. But
needs to use a hoe, except when pre­
their «urftice 1» composed, not having
r
““ should be marked
ou In straight paring his bed» for a second crop or the best thing he has done has been to
been exposed »0 inpregnaUon.
rows, the first 0111 a foot fn.m the when a »pell of rainy weather ha* know when he had enough »nd to
stop when he cot it
“Like a »rat. ruii 0.
A great full h..us<
And alwuld i n.„
A great foot i
1
A report issued at Slmh
number ot deaths last
caused by serpents, r.gerxT?11
™ “KR
as 2.1S7.
. S‘ H tho»¿and eieph
slaughtered annually to ",
world with Ivory.
wj
No Plight or Ftoey
A bird in the hand Is -»orti. *_
the bush—if it was ou 1
liner’s bill would show it w'a,'
about forty in the bush.
*
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JI
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pensable to every property owner ItLSj
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and looks like oil paint yet costs on'?T
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' M
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you how you can save and make a food »2
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More than a million and a quarter 0! tt’a m
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Box 263
Qulnq,a
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G
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’PHOTOGRAPHERS.
2 BE
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y and usethe N. P.C.C. photographic
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THE NATION’S BRIOE.
Lat’nL5.0*Mrifl’tedu.,mperlal 8izl Portraits of the Presidefiti
a Nlcho,a* Longworth (nee Alice Rooaevett).
A JOagoiflceat Souvenir of the Greatest of White Hoose Wedding*
•
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