Tillamook headlight., June 20, 1895, Image 4

Future ot Aluminum.
Aluminum, which itself poBseaseB c.
high degree of specific heat, doo.
WHERE POISON IS OBTAINED not reall absorb heat itself, and thns
is not liable to the chief objection to
BY THE TON.
iron buildings in hot weathar. But
apart from light decorative purposes,
Description of the Famous Engl Uh
uch as balconies, cupolas, finials and
Arsenic Works—How They Are
vurandaa, it is as a roofing material
Operated—The
Work Not
that aluminum should be most wel­
Necessarily Unhealthy»
come to the builder. In plates or
scales, two-thirds lighter than copper,
HE celebrated arsenic works uncorroded by air and undimmed even
on the Tamar, in England, by the sulphur of London smoke, it
are tho remains of a once should make a roof fit for a jialaee of
famous copper mine.
For romance.
The humbler
elements of health and
twenty-eight years it proved tho rich-
!
est mine iu the country, says a comfort
writer in the house, hardly less im­
portant than its external defenses
in the London Graphic.
Tho lode then gave out and the mine against the weather—pipes, ’ cisterns,
would have been abandoned as worth­ taps and gutters, now made of iron,
less had it n<4 been accidentally dis­ which rust, or lead, which poisons—
covered that it was exceedingly rich in would be more enduring and far more
arsenic.
Copper is still produced in healthy if mode ot this light and
the mines, but in comparatively small healthy metal, which might also take
amounts, and is despatched to South the place of all water-holding vessels
now made of heavy, brittlo earthen­
Wales, there to lie smelted.
Tho material brought up from ware or painted tin. An altiminnm
Underground is crushed in a machine bath is among tho probable luxuries
called tho stonebreaker that resem­ of the next century. But it iB not as
bles a huge pair of jaws, which liter­ a mere accessory to comfort and con­
ally chews up the stone until it lias venience that real development of the
reduced its proportions sufficiently to new metal should lie. It is for use at
pass into another machine,
the sea that its most marked quality of
crusher, wherein it is pounded into lightness obviously fits it.
The inarino engineer and the naval
pieces about the size of a walnut.
The material ia now conveyed In bar­ architect, who are already looking in
rows to tho dressing floors, and each this direction for a reduction in the
barrow load is turned out and washed weight which is inseparable from loss
in a running stream that carries off of efficiency, whether in speed or
the smull particles. Tho nuts aro then cargo, cannot neglect the possibilities
thrown uj> with a fork npon a table, of a metal which, when mixed in the
behind which recline on a Bioping proportion of one to fifty, gives to
board, the mine girls who assort them. aluminum-bronze a hardness and
As soon as tha arsenical pyrites is toughness which makes it almost as
completely separated from the com­ reliable as steel, and which, if the pro­
mon ore and from the earthy matter, portions could be reversed and the
then it is conveyed to the first cal­ strength preserved, would reduce the
ciner, where it is burned with low weights of ships and machinery alike
class coul, and produces “arsenic by two-thirds. That is a problem
Boot;” that is to say, arsenic so mixed which awaits the metallurgists for so­
with smoko soot from the coal as to lution. The reduction in cost, judg­
be of a gray color. Tho arsenic and ing by analogy, can only be a question
Boot aro deposited combined in the of time and research.
The best steel now costs little more
chimney or condenser.
This is
scraped out mid taken to tho second than a halfpenny per pound, while al­
uminum is fifty times that price. But
calciners to bo purified.
The method consists of a rotary iron aluminum exists in far greater quanti­
like a mill-stone, convex in the middle, ties than iron, is, more widely dis­
under n surface studded with iron tributed, and neither the limits of
flukes in throe ranges, five in ouch. time nor the history of metallurgy
The iirsofiio to bo refined is admitted forbid us to conjecture that as the
from above. A flro is kept up in a world has seen its age of stone, its age
furnace at one side, and the flames aro of bronze and its age of iron, so it may
swept in between tho rotating mill­ before long have embarked on a new
stone and its fluke studded cover. All and oven more prosperous age of
are brought to a glowing rod heat. aluminum.—St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
Tho arsenio on falling in blazes ns
BtnrH, and, dropping on tho burning
Changing Quicksands.
mill-stone, is turned over by tho flukes
Ono of tho most ingenious expe­
and gradually slips away over the fiery
bed to tho edge, when, reaching that dients for overcoming tho difficulties
there is naught but earthy matter left, of sinking shafts for mining or other
tho vapor zed arsenio being carried purposes in wet “measures” is the
“freozing process.” Supposing that
off in tile flue.
Tho calcining of arsenio is let out tho bottom of the shaft is so continu­
ously flooded that the miners are un­
to tlio workmen. Three meu in four
able to use their picks or in any way
weeks will make 1(10 tons of arsenio;
if they lunko more they receive extra proceed with their excavation, pipes
arc run down from the surface to the
premium; if they burn tho arsenio
badly, so that it ia wasted, they are flooded locality, and through these
pipes is forced a powerful freezing
fined, and the fine lias been known to
amount to thirty shillings.
Homo mixture.
The consequence is that tho impend­
years ago iirs.uiio soot fetched from
ing water becomes solidified, and tho
half a crown to fifteen shillings a ton;
workman can quarry his way through
it is now worth from £7 to £7 10s.
tho ice, which now becomes a protec­
The arsenic is refined till it is, to use
the local term, “us white as a hound’s tion from tho body of water beyond,
and tho sinking of tho shaft can be
tooth.”
It is deposited in tho condensers. continued. A process somewhat akin
to this is tho new method of grouting
These are neither more nor less than o
mile of chimney curried on an incline up quicksands, etc., of Noukircli.
Where quicksands or damp and un­
up the hill, with doors of iron in the
side. As tho hot blast pusses up the stable strata are encountered, pow
chimney it deposits n crust of arsenic derod cement is forced in by air pres­
crystals on the brickwork all around sure through a pipe lowered in tha
to the depth of from two to threo in­ sand. Tho pipe is about H inches in
ches, and it deposits minute dust of diameter, but is drawn to a point at
crystals on tho floor. Before tho smoko its lower end, where there are three
passes into the upright chimney, the openings, each throe-eighths of an
height of which is 125 feet, it lias to inch in diameter. The upper end of
traverse a rain ot water which cutches the pipe is connected to an air pres­
what remains of tho arsenic, after sure supply by a rubber hose.
An injector is provided, to which
which what pusses forth is uothiugbut
the cement is fed, and meeting with
sulphurous acid.
The crystals of arsenic aro scraped the air blast is driven with consider­
Tho ce­
out of the flue or condenser while still able pressure into tho sand.
warm mid are ground in a mill to ment is retained by tho wet sand,
flower of arsenic, after which it is forming a kind of concrete with it.
packed in small Isirrels containing n Tho introduction of tho tube is facili­
tated by tho use of the air jet, which
little over throe hundredweight.
The men who work the arsenic, clears tho sand away from the point of
either raking up tho arsenio soot or the tulio. When tho pipe has reached
a firm stratum the cement is turned on
scraping out the condensers or grind­
ing it in the mill. aio obliged to wear and the pipe slowly raised to the sur­
mufflers over their mouths and noses face. —Pittsburg Dispatch.
to prevent inhaling tho particles. Tho
Bird Reasoning.
arsenic workers are obliged to wash
themselves thoroughly every day on
A little known aud striking instance
returning from the works, as the ar­ of foresight and industry exhibited by
senic is liable to produce sores wher­ a bird is that of the California wood-
ever it lodges in wrinkles mid folds of pecker. Like others of its kind, this
the flesh, especially about tha month bird is nn insect-eater. Yet iu view of
mid nostrils, the wrists and ankles and the approach of winter it prepares a
under the arms; in fact, wherever ju-r store of food of a wholly different
spiration lodges. As a rille it only character, and arranges this with ns
does this wlii'ii tho worker is careless much care as an epicure might devote
about Ills personal cleanliness. Other­ to tho storage of his wino iu a cellar.
wise the work is healthy.
In the summer tho woodpecker lives
ou ants. For the winter it stores up
acorns. To bold each acorn it hol­
An Artificial Find for a Peacock.
lows a small hole iu a tree, into which
Wo have hoard of a eat with false
the acorn is exactly fitted, and is ready
teeth, a horse w 1th spectacles, a cow
to be split by the strong beak of the
with a wooden leg and now here is a
gentleman writing to the Field to ask clitubiug woodpecker, though too
tightly held to bo stolen either by
where he can obtain an artificial foot
squirrels or other lords.
for his peaeock, This speaks well for
A relation of this woodpecker in­
humane people who love to bo called
habits the driest parts of Mexico,
foolish iu a good cause. It will bo
where during tho droughts it must <iie
real kind of the Field to publish tho
results of tho naive inquiry and how of starvation unless it made a store.
To prevent this it selects tho hollow
the peacock liked his foot wiieu ho got
stem of a species of aloe, tile bore of
it. — Boston IL-rald.
which is just large enough to hold a
nut. The woodpecker drills holes at
The Latest In Advertisements.
nits reals in the stem, and Alls it from
“Wanted, with a view to matrimony, bottom to top with the nuts, the sep­
a young lady to match a bonnet trim arate holes being apparently ma le for
med with green, which 1 won the other convenience of access to the column of
day in a ratfl <■ for charitable purposes. nuts within.
Must have means of her own. Please
The intelligence which not only con­
address under the heading: Leliena- structs a special storehouse, but
gluek (life's happiness) to tho office of teaches the woodjiecker to lay by only
this pa|H-r. l.a.ly cyclist pr< fern L" ths< lints which will keep, and not the
— Plullendorfer Auzeiger.
insects which would ilecay, is perhaps
tho highest form of bird reasoning
Tho breath of suspicion is generally which has yet been observed.—Tho
fceuted with cloves. — l'uek.
I Spectator
AN ARSENIC MINE.
T
convenient supposition that the Na­
tion at large should bear one-half and
that the States and Territories,togeth­
DISCUSSING THE PROBLEM OF er with the counties and towns, should
bear the balance, the General Govern­
BETTER HIGHWAYS.
ment would be compelled to appro­
priate annually $100,000,000.
This
Economy of Good Roads Shown by would not represent a very considera­
Europe—Should the National
ble additional burden, for now three-
Government Undertake the
'ourths of that amount is expended by
Work—Cost Per Mile.
the Postal Department on highways.
Of the remaining $25,000,000 a large
T has been estimated that, in ad- share, say $10,000,000, could be wiped
dition V1 the good roads already out by employing regular army forces
possessed by this country, in or- : on the roads iu those sections where
der that a system equal to the I •heir presence is required. As a rule,
it may be said, no less than 20,000
best in Europe may be had, it would
men, who now find army life irksome
be necessary to build or rebuild about
one million miles, a reasonable esti- 1 because of its idle monotony, coil’d ba
mate of the cost of which is $4000 a employed to good account on the high­
mile, or $100,000,000 for tho whole , ways.
country. Enormous as must be the | The majority ot the State Govern­
cost of constructing a system of first- • ments, as well as the counties aud
class highways, it would appear that, , townships, it is believed, could also
in their present deplorable eonditioc, provide for the expense which they
the roads are expensive almost be­ would be expected to bear that the tax
yond comparison. According to the j burden would not be greatly increased
census bureau, there were in the , during the period of construction.
country June 1, 1890, 14,976,017 Moreover, the expense could be made
horses, 2,246,936 mules aud 49,109 even less onerous by the employment
asse«. A prominent authority gives of the thousands of criminals in each
twenty-five cents a day as his estimate commonwealth, and at the same time
of the coat of feed for each animal. remove from free labor an objection­
Taking this as a basis the expense of able class of competitors.—New York
feeding this vast number for a single World.
day aggregates over $4,318,000 or
Peculiarities of Animals.
more than $1,576.000,000 in one year.
It is said that on the smooth stone
The reason of the shortness of the
roads of certain European countries a elephant’s neck is that the head of the
dog can move a heavier load than is animal is so heavy that were it placed
drawn on an average in this country at the end of a neck of a length pro­
by a horse, and that a horse there portionate to the dimensions of that
pulls easily three times as heavy loads organ in other animals, an almost in­
as equally good American animals calculable amount of muscular force
move with difficulty. A conclusion would be necessary to elevate and sus­
which many, no doubt, will draw from tain it. The almost total absence of a
this is that about one-third of the pres­ neck obviates the difficulty end the
ent number of horses would give bet­ trunk serves as a substitute. The uses
ter service with first-class wagon roads and advantages of a long neck, pecu­
than is now enjoyed. However, in liarly exemplified in the giraffe, which
view of the fact that a considerable contains only the same number of ver­
share of these animals is owned in the tebral articulations as in the elephant,
cities, where there are more or less of are in the latter supplied by the trunk
good pavements, the number could be or proboscis, by which he is enabled
reduced only one-half instead of two- to carry food to his mouth and to
thirds. This would mean a lessening drink by suction. This curious organ
of the feed exjtense of $788,000,000 a contain« a vast number of muscles
year.
variously interlaced, is extremely flex­
Tho average earnings of capital in ible, endowed with the most exquisite
the United States are about three per sensibility and the utmost diversity of
cent. On this basis the unnecessary motion, and compensates amply for
expense of $788,000,000 in miantain- the absence of a long neck.—St. Louis
ing what would, with good roads, be Post-Dispatch.
surplus stock, represents the interest
There is so much variety in tho
on an average investment of more than hands of monkeys that a comparison
$26,000,000,000. This is more than of them with those of man cannot
six times tho investment required for very easily be made, but this compari­
the building of 1,000,000 miles of good son may be made with the higher apes,
stone roads at a cost of $4000 a mile. such as the gorilla and chimpanzee,
It is inconceivable to many how the which approach nearest in their struc­
idea can bo entertained for a moment ture to ourselves. Iu the gorilla tho
that the construction and maintenance thumb is short and does not reach
of highways can be safely intrusted to much beyond the bottom of the first
individuals or private corporations for joint of the forefinger. It is very re­
gain. Only a little in advance of this, stricted in its movements, and the
it is declared, however, is tho so-called animal can neither twiddle its thumbs
subdistrict road supervisor system. nor turn them around till the tips de­
County control, as a rule, shows still scribe a circle. The web between the
a marked improvement over tho two fingers reaches to the beginning of tho
plans named, anil wherever the States second joint, the fingers taper to the
have entered into the field of rood tips, and there is a callosity, or pad,
building with effective legislation an on the knuckles on which the animal
even greater improvement is noted. rests when walking on all fours.
But of all roads ever constructed in Iu man the thumb reaches to
tho United States thoso which the the top of tho first joint of the
National Government has built nn- forefinger. Man can “twiddle” his
questionably are or have been the thumb, so that the tip will describe a
best.
circle; and he can touch tho tips of
A striking illustration of the com- all his fingers with it; the web between
parative merits of National and local the fingers does not extend beyond
management of public roads is to be tho base of the first joint, and there
found in Germany. The best roads of are no pads on the knuckles. The
that country were built by the States bones in the hand of men aud in that
which now constitute the Empire of the gorilla are the same in number
while they were yet independent king­ and in general form, But the thumbs
doms, aud they were thus the creations of the monkey have no separate flexor
of National Governments. Absorbed or bending muscle, as those of men
into the Empire, the States were no have. This is why a monkey always
longer distinct Nations. What hail bends his thumb with his fingeis and
been National before to them now never puts his thumb round an object
sunk to the rank of the provincial. which he grasps, but always keeps it
The roads had been constantly im­ on the same side as his Angers.
proved previous to the formation of
The whiskers of cats and of the cat
the Empire.
Now narrower and trilie are exceedingly sensitive, en­
cheaper roads are built, and the high­ abling them, when seizing their prey
ways of the Fatherland, excellent as in the dark, to feel its position more
they are, do not compare favorably acutely. These hairs are supplied
with those of France, over which through their roots with branches of
National authority is exercised.
the same nerves that give sensibility
Until recently the inhabitants of to the lips and that in insects supply
cities in this country have generally their “feelers.”—St. Louis Post-Dis-
regarded tho building of country patch.
_____
roads as an undertaking which be­
Riding
Down a Wolf.
longed to the farmer alone, tho ex­
pense of which ho should bear. Of
It has often been noticed in India
late, through natural causes and the how fast a wolf travels by means of a
geuoral agitation of the question, a lounging loping trot that is by no
better understanding has been reached. means suggestive of speed. While one
The mud blockades in the various sec­ gallops after it as hard as a good horse
tions of the country in the last few can go, the wolf pursued, never ap­
years have served to bring merchants
parently hurrying, lollops along at a
of towns and smaller cities to a realiz­ pace that equals that of tho following
ing sense of what bad roads mean. horse. I have heard it said that no
Three years ago tho merchants of an
horseman ever rode a wolf down; but
Ohio city of 30,00 • inhabitants lost on
to this statement I must demur, inas­
account of muddy roads, in two weeks much as I have done this thing.
Per­
of the holiday season over $100,000 haps my wolf was sick.
of trade. Smaller cities and towns, of
Be that as it may, I did, when out
course, suffered still more in propor­
pigeon-sticking in the Ganges country
tion, being more directly dependent
over against Colgong, follow a wolf,
npon tho trade which the farmers sup­
and that wolf turned sharply when I
plied.
closed with it, and the horse I rode (a
The quickest ami most satisfactory, rare good one) kicked it over with his
and in tact the only sure way to se­ fore feet, and ma$B the matter of
cure good public highways throughout spearing my wolf simplicity itself.
tho country, in the opinion of many, One of my companions of that day found
is for the National Government to explanation of thia performance in the
step iu and exercise its rightful au­ fact that I had ridden another man's
thority. There> exists in the country horse with my own spurs.—Black­
a strong sentiment adverse to the is­ wood’s Magazine.
suing ot additional National bonds.
Can tho roads be built without run­
A Woman's Capacity,
ning the Government into debt? By
building a reasonable portion of the
The power of love, and tho possi­
roads each year until all shall have bility of a woman's intellect, are both
been constructed, and by apportion­ exemplified in the case of a naval officer
ing tho expenses among the Nation, who has devoted several years to an
the States and Territories, the coun­ important and complex invention.
ties, atid possibly tho townships, it is His girl-wife, through sheer determ­
believed it will be found possible to ination to lie his chief confidants, has
secure the coveted good roads without acquired as thorough a knowledge of
issuing bonds. Twenty years would the invention as he pi’-wws himself,
be a reasonably short period for the »ml has him come to her with every
building of 1,000.000 miles of suit­ trial and attempt, able to be sympa­
able highways. This would require thetic and istedligeat throughout
tho construction of 50,000 miles per Men who sneer at feminine minds
year, Two hnndred millions of dollars should see this wise man lean on that
would bo the auuual expo use. Ou the little wife of his.
WORDS OF WISDOM.
GOOD ROADS.
He- that preaches the gospel of good
hard sense Las an important mission
to fill.
„
There is no possible; process of legis­
lative enactment by which a lazy man
may be made energetic.
Some men are more careless about
the company their children keep than
they are of the breed of their dogs. „
“Love adds no dollars to the till,
grunts the miserly husband. Fewer
dollars and more love would add irn
mensely to the value of his life.
To be happv at home is the ultimate
result of nil" ambition; the end to
which every enterprise and labor
tends, and of which every desire
prompts the prosecution.
If a man should register all his
opinions upon love, politic», religion,
literature, etc., beginning from his
youth, and so go on to old age, want a
bundle of inconsistencies and contra­
dictions would appear at lust.
The importance of this powerful
agent—public opinion—for the pre­
vention of injurious acts, is to obvious
to need to be illustrated. If suffi­
ciently at command it would almost
supercede the use of other means.
Look at Nature with science as a
lens.
The rock swarms, the clod
dances; the mineral is but the vege­
table stepping down, and the animal
an ascending plant; the man, a beast
extended; aud the angel a devoted
human soul.
I
The Wedding Journey.
A newly married couple who have
just come from the far Southwest to
reside in West Philadelphia, had aD
experience on their wedding tour,
which, though an exciting one at the
time, has caused both of them and
their friends a great deal of merri­
ment since.
They had just been
married and were ushered on their
journey an hour later.
The train was running along swiftly
and they were recovering from tho
excitement of the ordeal through
which they had just passed; when tho
train stopped suddenly and the brake-
man came rushing through the train
pulling down the blinds in a most un­
ceremonious manner. The groom be­
gan to get a little apprehensive, so ho
told his bride he was going to find out
what was the matter. He came back
with the news that the train was held
up by robbers.
The bride’s face blanched.
In­
voluntarily she looked at the wedding
ring that had been placed on her
hand only an hour or so before. She
wondered if she begged real hard to
the train robbers whether they would
leave her at least that. She thought
exactly what »he was going to
say to
the bandit when he
came for her valuables.
Then
the conductor came in and warned
the
passengers, and people hid
watches and pocketbooks and jewels
in every conceivable place. Suddenly
the report of a revolver, followed by
others in quick succession, made all
shiver.
“Get down between the seats,”
hastily said the young husband to his
bride. I won’t run even the shadow
of a risk. ”
So, obedient to her new master, she
crept down on the floor in security.
“There’s no danger at all,” said the
man in the next scat, reassuringly.
Just then several more shots were
heard, and the speaker flopped down
between the seats. All the other peo­
ple in the car followed suit, and as
they were on all fours m breathless
anxiety, there came in a sweet-tuned
voice, full of suppressed anxiety:
“Edgar, have you got a good safe
place?”
There was a smile, even in the ter­
rors of the moment, on the faces of
many of the passengers. The train
robbers left without going through
the passenger coaches.—Philadelphia
Press.
A Wonderful Echo.
I
At Madame Arabella's the conversa­
tion turned upon echoes, and a lady
in the company declared that she knew
of one that repeated a sound nine or
ten times.
“Pooh I that is nothing,” said the
marquis; “I have an echo in my park
that can beat yours into fits. ”
“Impossible!” said everybody in
chorus.
“Yon can easily nut it to the test if
yon like.”
“Very good, ra will step across to­
morrow to hear for ourselves^”
“Tei, comò without fail,” and so
saying, the marquis took his depart­
ure, meditating a little scheme of his
own. On reaching his mansion he
sent fer his old lackey, Sancho by
name.
“You are up to all sorts of tricks,
old chap. Do you think you could
manage to play the part of an echo?”
“Certainly, my lord ; you have only
to shout ho, ho! and I repeat the
same. ”
‘Very well ; to-morrow afternoon
you shall go and stand in that clump
of trees behind the lake and repeat
thirty times any call that you may
hear, gradually lowering your voice ;
but mind—mum's the word.”
Next day his lordship's friends came
trooping into the park. Sancho was
at his post pricking up his ears.
“Now, ladies and gentlemen, your
doubts will soon l>e dissipated,” 'said
tho marquis; “will yon be the first to
try the experiment, madame?”
"No, thanks, marquis; your voice is
louder and more effective for the pur­
pose than mine.”
U hereupon the marquis inflated his
lungs and called out at the top of his
voice :
“Are you there?”
To which the echo made answer:
Yes, my lord, I been here a couple of
hours I”
(Cuxtai#.)—La Famine.
Travel iu Frontier Mexico.
The hacienda San Jose de Bavlcora
lies northwest from Chihuahua 225 of
the longest miles on the map.
lho
miles run up long hills aud dive lntx
rocky canons; they stretch over never-
ending burnt plainB, and across tho
beds of tortuous rivers thick with
scorching sand. And there are three
wavs to make this travel. Some go on
foot—which is best, if one has time—
like the Tahnramaras; others take it
ponyback, after the Mexican manner;
and persons with no time and a great
deal of money go in a coach. As first
thought this would seem to be the
best, but the Guerrero stage has never
vet failed to tip over, and the coni-
puny make you sign away your natur­
al rights, mid almost your immortal
soul, before they will allow you to em­
bark. So it is not the best way at all
if I may judge from my own experi­
ence. ’ We had a coach which seemed
to choose tho steepest hill on the route,
where it then struck a stone, which
heaved the conch, pulled out the king­
pin, and what I remember of the oc­
currence is full of sprains and aches
mid general gloom. Guerrero, too, is
only three-fourths of the way to Bavi-
coru, and you can only go there if Don
Gilberto, the patron of the hacienda,
— or, if you know him well enough,
"Jack”—will take you in the ranch
coach.
After bumping over the stones all
day for five day, through a blinding
dust, we were glad enough when we
suddenly came out of the tall
timber in the mountain pass and es­
pied the great yellow plain of Bavi-
cora stretching to the blue hills of the
Sier.-a. In mi honr’s ride more,through,
a chill wind, we were at the ranch.
We pulled up at tho entrance, which
was garnished by a bunch of cow­
punchers, who regarded us curiously
us we pulled our aching bodies and
bandaged limbs from the Concord anil
limped into the patio.
To us was assigned the room of
honor, and after shaking ourselves
down on a good bed, with mattress and
sheeting, we recovered our cheerful­
ness. A hot toddy, a roaring fire­
place, completed the effect. The floor
was strewed with bear and wolf-sKin
rugs; it had pictures and draperies on
the walls, and in a corner a wash-basin
and pitcher—so rare in these parts—
was set on a stand, grandly suggestive
of the refinements of luxury we had at­
tained lo. I do not wish to convey
the impression that Mexicans do not
wash, because there are brooks enough
iu Mexico, if they want to use them;
but wash-basins are the advance guards
of progress, and we had been on the
outposts since leaving Chihuahua.—
I Harper’s Weekly.
Hospitals,
Hospitals, as we now understand the
term, are of modern growth. True it
is, as Mr. Burdett tells us in the his­
torical section of “Hospitals and
Asylums of tho World,” that in the
records of Egypt and ancient India we
find allusions to institutions that fore­
shadow the hospitals of later times,
and even our asylums for sick animals
are borrowed from the East.
An inscription engraved on a rock
near tho City of Surat tells how Asoka,
a ’ling, who reigned iu Gujerat in the
thi.d century B. C. commanded the
establishment of hospitals in all his
dominions, and placed one at each of
the four gates cf the royal city at
Patna. Six hundred years after this,
Fa-Hian, an intelligent Chinese trav­
eler who visited India in 299 A. D.,
records that Asoka’s hospitals still ex­
isted and flourished, but the success­
ive floods of conquest swept all away,
and by the beginning of this century
only a hospital for animals remained
of all the pions King's foundations.
Ancient Egyptian records are more
vague in their allusions to the treat­
ment of the sick ; but it seems likely
from a legend which is given in the
Papyrus Ebers, that a clinic existed iu
connection with the temple of Helio­
polis. It is equally probable that, if
the history of the temples of Aescula-
pius could be unveiled, we should find
that in them also a hospital supple­
mented the shrine, and that the sick
who offered sacrifices there found some-
thingmore than “faith healing” within
their walls. But from none of these
are our hospitals derived ; they were
destroyed or forgotten in tho barbar­
ian conquests, and so utter is the ob­
livion into which they fell that it is
now an article of the popular creed
that it is to Christianity we owe the
first idea of care far the sick and
afflicted.—The Quarterly Review.
Seventy-two Races ot Mankind.
M. de Qnatrefages, the noted French
ethnologist, has rend a paper before
the Paris Academy of Sciences on his
favorite study.
In it he gives an in­
teresting summary of his general con­
clusions with regard to the origin and
distribution of the human species.
Omitting minor differences, he esti­
mates that there are no fewer than
eeventy-two distinct races of men now
inhabiting the earth. All of these, ho
says, descend or branch off from three
fundamental types—the white, the
yellow and the black—which had their
origin in North Central Asia, which is,
without doubt, the primitive Eden or
“cradle of the human race.”
M. de
Quatrefages states that representatives
of these three primitive types may yet
be found scatteredover his Asian Eden
—the whites to the west of the central
point of organization, the yellow to
the east and the blacks to tho south.
The yellow race spread to the north­
east and crossed to America, where
they “mixed with a local quaternary
race,” producing what we know as tho
American Indian.
The largest scholarship given by
any American college is the Stinnecks
ecu ilarahip at Princeton. It is award­
ed for excellence in Greek and Latin,
and amounts to $1500 annually.