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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 2, 1963)
PAGE JA HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore. Wednesday. October t, 1961 EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . . Strong Countries Not Always Winner "So Jump!' The yearning tor worm peace is virtually universal. Vet there is a question. It is this: -.Should worm peace come, wnai effect on the economy? Defense spending, now at the $55 billion a year mark, is responsible for a vast amount of industrial production and employment. A long list of communities and areas largely live on it. So would peace, ironically, plunge us into depression? : In a recent issue U.S. News & World ftnnnrt eYaminps fhfi matter. And its find- tngs add up to a more optimistic picture than :many might expect. : To begin with, it observes in effect, the prospect of a real peace is about as clouded as anything could be. It is true that there has been something of a lull in the cold war. But the grave trouble spots, some potentially explosive in the extreme, remain Cuba, Ko rea, Red China, Vietnam, and Berlin. As it observes, this is ". . . hardly a world in which to go about unarmed, or even with a smaller arsenal of weapons." Even so, the hopes for eventual peace and the resultant disarmament exist. Where, and to what extent, would the economic dislo cations be most critically felt? In the most recent year for which such figures are available, U.S. News shows mili tary orders accounted for 94 per cent of all aircraft and parts, 61 per cent of ships and boats, 38 per cent of radio and communica tions equipment, and so on down a list in which many of the basic industries are in volved to a varying extent. Payrolls reflect this situation. Some states with California way at the top of the list are far more dependent on defense spending than others. As of the year By MARQUIS CIIILDS UNITED NATIONS. N.Y. - On the Kennedy measuring rod me world stands considerably short of the millennium and still just a step away (rom the apocalypse of nu clear war. This curious position poised be tween heaven and hell, as summed up in the President's speech, reflects the atmosphere of I he United Nations and the peoples represented in the great plnB8 cube on Uie East River. Whether it Is a pause, with the forces for further progress to ward peace still strong and move ment in the future assured, or merely a brief punctuation mark in the cold war no one can yet say. But quite apart from the speech es and the rhetoric of statesmen profound changes are taking place and Uiose changes seem to liave a momentum of their own. Despite the elaborate bureaucra tic procedures set up in Wash ington, the barriers of trade with in. Past and West are bound to be breached. That was the Insistent demand of the businessmen brought to Washington to discuss Uie expan sion of exports. America's Euro pean allies are doing $2 million in trade with the Communist bloc, including China, and the barriers Imimsed by tho Department of Commerce (neatly handicap American business in Its foreign operation. An American business firm or that firm's licensee in Enropo makes a successful bid fur an order from a bloc nation and It is stopped by Wash ington. Promptly a French or Ger man or British company picks it up. The Canadian wheat deal with the Soviet Union Is anotlier sign pf the changing times. A year or tn ago that deal would have touched off a loud chorus of de nunciation in the Congress. Today tba reaction Is one of concern and annoyance that the United States with Its vast stored sur pluses of grain seems to be pie dialed from cuch sales. What Is happening may well be a reflection of forces long sine put In motion which cannot be de nied. As Cut President spoke In the Assembly chamber that is aom her for all its rather fussy mod ernity, two spirits seemed to ho ver in the sir as having evoked tit's moment of pause and hope. The late Pope John XXII! as much at ny ilnfl Individual pre pared the way In the West for Ilia test-ban treaty. In Uie brief A Better Foundation that ended last March 31, 10 states accounted for two thirds of the prime contracts, with a money value of $,17 billion. Even so, says U.S. News, all the authori tative studies so far made including those by government agencies and other groups agree on three points. Point 1. Disarmament would be partial and would be spread over a lengthy period of time. A $5 billion a year cut, to a total of $25 billion, has been suggested as a probabili ty. Point 2. A tax cut would accompany it, thus cushioning the shock. Point 3. Business as a whole despite the severe adjustments that would be neces sary in some fields, as well as some states would not have to be upset for a prolonged period. The magazine says: ". . . the effects would be spotty, and few think a general de pression would necessarily follow unless the arms cutback should happen to coincide with the working of other forces of a deflationary type." The experience with the heavy cuts in arms spending that followed World War II and the Korean truce bears those anticipations out. U.S. News goes into considerable detail concerning the effects of disarmament on in dividuals, enterprises, institutions, and poli cies .The summing up: "Any real peace, per mitting substantial disarmament, still looks a long way off. Yet planning for peace is a con tinuing project. If it comes, the experts agree, the country should be able to take what it brings in stride, without a collapse of the economy." It is a travesty on intelligence to consider war and killing as a foundation for prosperity. wouia De me WASHINGTON CALLING . . Inching Toward span of his papacy lie brought about a complete alteration in the climate of opinion within his church. And this Sn turn brought changes in the political climate in the West. The second unseen but felt pres ence was that of Dag Hammar skjold. He contributed mightily before his tragic death to the U.N. Even more important ho buttressed belief in the integrity of tho world organization and Its ca pacity to find a way out of the grave crises that in their multi plicity nearly overwhelmed the U.N. during his tenure as Secre tary General. Two more disparate , men It would be hard to imagine than the meticulous, brilliant Suede and the benign and wonderfully human Pope. But each served the world in his own way as it is given to few men to do. Looking frankly at the depart ment of future hope and possible next steps to relax tensions the prospect on the diplomatic level is slim. An agreement to keep from outer space may be negoti ated, In a sense this has already been discounted, since the orbit ing of nuclear weapons can serve no military purpose that is not already served a thousandfold by tlie huge land-bated and sca-hased BERRY'S WORLD "Will yu quit fxMfMjr iht o'.i iinii.t luitituplttt)!" Peace arsenals in being. Cooperation on an expedition to the moon is a long way off. West Genmany and-or France can, by parlaying a kind of mutual veto, block almost every move that has been put forward. And whore this coincidental har mony of the veto a veto of fear and ambition docs not ap ply, strong restraints still prevail in the United States. From the test-ban treaty debate in the Sen ate it is quite evident that if the treaty had included underground tests, whether with seven or with 14 on-site inspections, it would never have been ratified. Does this mean the momentum achieved thus far will be I o s t? Many fear just this will happen. There are certain steps Washing ton and Moscow can start with out allied approval. One is the ini tiation after so many delays of an airline linking the two countries. Cultural and other exchanges can be expanded. These are very small steps. But viewed as part of the subsurface trend tho changes taking place without anyone very consciously willing them to take place on ci ther side of the dividing line they add up to more than we in this moment of pause comprehend. m7 gj - Vfr.'-'i -:.,.!;-;v.-.,--'r W-V.''" I "'"'ji:i&a?.-Vif IN WASHINGTON By RALPH de TOLEDANO From the public acts and pri vate utterances of President Ken nedy and his Administration, it is clear that American foreign pol icy has made an abrupt about face. Neither the President nor the State Department is willing to admit that this is so, but there is no longer any doubt in the minds of competent observers and fascinated foreign diplomats that tlie Truman containment pol icy which governed our affairs has been tossed into the discard. With it went the possibility that the Dulles policy of "liberation" never very much more than words might ever be imple mented. The changes brought about by By SYDNEY J. HARRIS The arrival of a new book on my desk, "Spectrum 11," co edited by Kingsley Amis, t h e British novelist, reminds me that the once-despised field of "science fiction" has come of age in the last few years. Looked down upon in the past, as the low est form of pulp w riting, s-f has gained considerable sta ture since so many of its "wild" fantasies have been not only dup licated but exceeded by modern science. Yet, as a literary genre, science . fiction remains pretty much in its intellectual ghetto, not because of the quality of the writing (which often is quite high' but because it docs not deal with central human problems only with technical and social ones. What touches and interests and moves people is the relationship between human beings. The high est fiction, drama and poetry deals not with "movements" or historical processes, but with the curious interlucings and fractur ings of human hearts. We are concerned with the innermost depths of ourselves, with the roots nl our being, whether we know them or not. When science fiction lakes rarlhang to another planet, the inhabitants there are either hu mans In disguise or suhhumans. In either case, the new planetary setting adds nothing to self-knowi-edge. Scientists are now convinced that Hie Is a fairly frequent phe nomenon In the universe. And with three trillion other galaxies in the universe, it is highly prob able that something resembling human life exists elsewhere on this earth. Even educated re ligionists now admit this possi bility Father Thurston Davis, editor of "The Catholic Mind." recently said in a speech that "there well may be, on other planets sailing t h airy tea around other suns. Intelligent be ings like ourselves or perhaps superior tn our blundering race." The challenging task for science fiction today and tomor row is not to imagine new tech niques for ipaca travel, but In envision what these oilier "intel ligent beings'" might be like, and Foreign Policy Mr . Kennedy aided by the Walt Rostov, Arthur Schlcsingcr Jr., and McGcorge Bundy triumvirate can be summed up briefly. They arc based on the reversal of tlie Truman Doctrine, expressed in the famous "Mr. X" iGcorge Kcnnan) article of 1047 that the U.S. can deal effectively with the Soviet Union only "as a rival, not a partner in the political arena." Tlie President has also cast aside the "containment" policy "designed to confront the Rus sians with unalterable counter force at every point where they show signs of encroaching upon the interests of a peaceful and stable world." 'Again, the words are Mr. Kennan's, but the pol icy was official until 12. 1 STRICTLY PERSONAL how they would interact w ith us. The task is to get out of ourselves psychologically, and not just as trally. The human brain uses only a fraction of its power. What other powers do we have? Have other races succeeded in conquering their emotional infantilism, as we have not? What do love, rage, greed, envy, mean to humanoids who have developed in a differ ent environment. There is a vast opportunity to explore the potentialities of "intelligent beings," and only if scicnce-lic-tion boldly grasps this chance will it escape from the narrow confines of its milieu. Al manac By Vnllrd Press International Today is Wednesday, Oct. 2. the 27Mh day of 1963 with 90 to follow. The moon is approaching its full phase. Tho morning stars are Mercury and Jupiter. The evening stars are Jupiter and Saturn. Those born today include the Indian leader, Mohandas Gandhi, in 18iil). (in this day in history: In 17H0. the British spy. Mai. John Andre, convicted in connec tion with Benedict Arnold's treas on, was hanged at Tappan. X. Y. In IM9. It Latin American countries were represented at the lust Pan-American Conference in Washington. In lilt, a stroke paralyzed the left ,ide of President Woodrow . Wilson and forced the White House to be turned into a hos pital. In 19M. a bomb blast in New York City's Times Square in jured several persons and pan icked hundreds. A thought for the day Form er American President Woodrow Wilson said: ". . .The day has come when America must spend her blood on and her might for tha principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured." Thaw1 In its place, the Kennedy Ad ministration has substituted con cepts once enunciated by Walter Lippmann in his attack on the Truman Doctrine. Mr. Lippmann's standing as a prophet may be gauged 'by his flat assertion in 1947 that the United Stales could never find "The strength and resourcefulness to contain the So viet power over a period of 10 or 15 years." The Kennedy Adminis tration seems to have waited un til the Lippmann prediction fell of its own weight before adopting the policies he advocated. Mr. Kennedy now argues and implements that argument with specific acts tliat containment is dead. The time has come to end the cold war, ho feels, and the initiative must be his. Instead of standing up to Soviet encroach ments, the White House must sell the Kremlin on a new policy of "cooperation." Far more important than this is the very sharp swing away rom the system of alliances 'multilateralism i which have pre served the peace since the begin ning of NATO, and the abandon ment of the Atlantic community concept, to a new policy of bi lateralism. The suggestion that the United States and the Soviet Union, as the two great powers, should decide all matters between themselves and the devil take tlie rest of the world was first made by Premier Stalin to Presi dent Roosevelt at Yalta. It has boon repealed at regular inter vals by the Kremlin, and it is the major aim of Comrade Khrush chev's foreign policy. The President, though he does not go quite so far as the Soviets, has now accepted it. He believes that there can be a "settlement" of cold war controversies only it tlie ineffable Nikita and he as the world's stroiia men come to an agreement. The rest of the world will then fall in line. It is the obvious conviction of Mr. Kennedy which has generated the opposition of General do Gaulle to American acts. It has also encour aged the growing suspicion of many Europeans that tlie Kenne dy Administration intends to cast them adrilt. The so-called "eye to eye" con frontation of Mr. Kennedy and Comrade Khrushchev over Cuba in October. 1W2 caused convul sions in Europe's capitals not so much because NATO govern ments really feared the out break of nuclear war, but rather because they were informed of imminent U.S. action on a take-it-or-lcaveit basis. President Kennedy's offer of a joint U. S.-Soviet moon probe has had on equally far-reaching ef fect. The Administration's haste to "disclose" tlul a similar oiler had been made in 1951 was an answer to the dismayed reaction along Eniliassy Row where dip lomatic speculation was rile. Certainly, the steamroller tac tics of the Administration in win ning support in lite Senate for tlie Treaty of Moscow on a nucle ar test ban assume a new sipni ficancc. And it points up tlie ar guments made by those who stand in opposition. If the Pohlmunist leopard has changed his spots, Mr. Kennedy may emerge as the Great Peacemaker. But if the White House has miscalculated, (lie disarray in the Western alli ance may well leave us divided and confused when Comrade Khrushchev next assaults the Ire work). By PETER EDSOV Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON (NEAI - The great American proclivity to sock somebody in the jaw when things don't go right is so strongly devel oped that it is recognized world wide as a national characteristic. It is particularly pronounced when the fellow who ought to get slapped is smaller than the one who w ants to throw t h e punches. This explains why some mem bers of Congress want to cut off all aid to little South Vietnam until President Ngo Dinh Diem kicks his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu out of office and makes him stop harassing the Buddhists. It also may explain why Sen. Barry Goldwater wanted to tie a delayed ratification amendment i onto the test ban treaty until the Russians get clean out of Cuba. This proposal not only was in tended to get even with Premier Fidel Castro, but also with Rus sia's Nikita Khrushchev. It explains tlie barrage of ver bal brickbats being tossed in the path of Yugoslavia's Marshal Tito to welcome him on his visit to America in October. Other international characters Americans have from time i0 President Gamal Abdel Nasser Prime,CM n"ed A'ab Public. . Tr Nehru and refredfnend.H. V. Krishna Men on. of India. President Sukarno of Indonesia, Mao Tse-tung and he whole heirarchy of Red China of course. There are times, even, when President Charles de Gaulle of America's oldest ally-France -has seemed to warrant on his forthcoming U.S. visit a welcom ing kick on the shins. The powerful United Slates of course, could lick any or all of these individuals and their countries. Yet the U.S. makes no move to overthrow any of these na tional leaders, either by force or by shutting off its aid. Because that doesn't work. One of the arguments frequent ly cited by hot-headed Americans By FULTON LEWIS JR. WASHINGTON Implementa tion of tlie top-secret Ball Report is apparently underway. That document, drafted short ly before President John Kennedy took his oath of office, is the handiwork of George Ball, a New Y'ork lawyer who was subsequent ly named Undersecretary of State in the new Administration. News of the report was first leaked to the New York Times in January, 1962. The trial balloon revealed that Ball favored a "pos itive response to Khrushchev's hish-sounding trade overtures." The Ball report was said to urge stepped-up trade with the Communist bloc. It reportedly recommended that President-elect Kennedy "persuade other free enterprise countries . . . that we are genuinely prepared to recog nize the portential economic ad vantage of East-West trade." Congressional leaders, alarmed over the Times report, set up a Special House Committee on Ex port Control, chaired by the then Hep. A. Paul Kitchin, to investi gate the situation. Called for testimony. Ball re fused tn hand over a copy of his report. It was Congressman Steve De rnunian. New Y'ork Republican, who finally got his hands on one. He sent a copy to President Ken nedy, demanding to know wheth er or not the Administration planned to accept the Ball recom mendations. The Chief Executive's answer was a masterpiece of evasion. Within the past fortnight Ad ministration officials have moved in such a way as to indicate that the Ball recommendations have been implemented. 1. It was learned the State Department had tacitly given its blessing to the massive wheat deal signed by Canada with Soviet Un ion. Approved by Uncle Sam was tlie shipment of 220 million bushels worth $5(10 million tn the Soviet Union and Castro Cuba. 2. A Department spokesman. Robert McCloskey. revealed that U S.-Soviet talks may be upcom ing in which increased trade will be discussed. "We approve of peaceful trade with the Soviet bloc." McCloskey said. 3. Sen. Hubert Humphrey, Dem ocratic whip, announced he would push hard for increased East West trade. He claimed to have in President Kennedy an "inter ested, attentive listener." 4. The President's brother. At torney General Robert Kennedy, spoke for the Administration when he voiced the hope for a "steady wklening" of economic relations is that this country ought to fol low the example of the Russians in forcing weaker nations to too a given line. The Russians did use force to suppress the rebellious workers of East Germany in 1933 and tha revolutionary movement in Hun gary, 1956. But in both these instances the Rsssians had divisions within easy marching distance to suppress the rioters and keep them under control. In the areas more re mole from Russian tanks, the Soviet has had no better luck than the United States in making upstarts say "Uncle." The first to break with Russia was Tito, when he pulled out of the Commintern in 1948. Russia retaliated by boycotting Yugosla via. When the West stepped into the gap and Yugoslavia showed signs of progress without Russian assistance, it was Khrushchev himself who went to Tito and ar ranged a reconciliation by diplo macy, not force. Though Russia had a submarine base in little Albania, her Commu nist First Secretary General En; ver Hoxlia did not hesitate to tell Khrushchev to his face in Moscow that he was a traitor to Marxism and Stalinism. Though the Rus sians have ranted at Hoxha, he continues tn thumb his nose at them and gets away with it. Similarly, little Cuba, 5.0110 miles from Moscow, has been able to defy big Russia on some things. Though the United States 90 miles away forced Russia to withdraw its missiles from Cuba. Castro adamantly refused to allow U.N. inspectors to verify the dismantling of bases, as pro posed by Khrushchev. Russia's limitations also were exposed in the Congo, where its missions were expelled by Gen. Joseph Mobutu, in Laos where it has not been able to force the Pathet Lao Communists to sup port the neutralist Premier Prince Souvanna Phouma, and in Red China, where Mao again is leading his impoverished party on another long march of defi ance. The much stronger Soviet Un ion seems helpless to do anything about it but complain. WASHINGTON REPORT . . . Expansion Of Trade Gaining Momentum with Communist Poland. He said his brother favors inclusion of Poland in the "most favored na tion" category of foreign traders. 5. Secretary of Commerce Lu ther Hodges, considered the most moderate of the President's ad visers, said he would suggest to his boss an expansion of U.S. trade with the Communist bloc. 6. Sen. George McGovern, for mer head of the Food for Peace agency, summed up Administra tion thinking by saying: "From every standpoint Urade with the Soviets I is in our economic in terest and the sales will be made in any event by our allies." Note: Congressman Glen Lip scomb, one of the country's best experts on East-West trade, says the Administration has consistent ly approved the sale of strategic materials to the Soviet bloc. One of the latest examples is the Commerce Department's okay for export to the Soviet Union of revolutionary new mining equip ment which Lipscomb believes to have strategic importance. The Administration has approved the following items lor Soviet - bloc countries: To Yugoslavia: electronic tubes, copper cable, aircraft and auto motive parts, iron and steel scrap, steel pipe, petroleum products, borates, silicon, synthetic resins, electronic testing machines and parts. Tn Hungary: radioactive iso. tes, chemical specialties, med ical and pharmaceutical prepara tions, technical data. To Cuba: Technical data, med ical equipment, radio transcrip tions, oflice machinery. To East Germany: semi-conductors, surgical and medical equipment, synthetic resins, tech nical data, radioactive isotopes. To Czechoslovakia: industrial chemicals, industrial instruments and parts, rubber manufactures, synthetic resins, safely apparal and equipment. To the Soviet Union: steel and iron alaplp. glass products, as bestos (iber. saw blades, heavy duty industrial equipment, textile machinery and parts. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q Where was (he npw U.S. flag, rarrylng SO stars, first raised? A At Independence Hall, Phil adelphia. July 4. 1W0. Q What do lobster feed nn? A They are scavengers and will eat anvthing.
