PAGE JA
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore.
Wednesday. October t, 1961
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
Strong Countries
Not Always Winner
"So Jump!'
The yearning tor worm peace is virtually
universal. Vet there is a question. It is this:
-.Should worm peace come, wnai
effect on the economy? Defense spending, now
at the $55 billion a year mark, is responsible
for a vast amount of industrial production
and employment. A long list of communities
and areas largely live on it. So would peace,
ironically, plunge us into depression?
: In a recent issue U.S. News & World
ftnnnrt eYaminps fhfi matter. And its find-
tngs add up to a more optimistic picture than
:many might expect.
: To begin with, it observes in effect, the
prospect of a real peace is about as clouded
as anything could be. It is true that there
has been something of a lull in the cold war.
But the grave trouble spots, some potentially
explosive in the extreme, remain Cuba, Ko
rea, Red China, Vietnam, and Berlin. As it
observes, this is ". . . hardly a world in which
to go about unarmed, or even with a smaller
arsenal of weapons."
Even so, the hopes for eventual peace
and the resultant disarmament exist. Where,
and to what extent, would the economic dislo
cations be most critically felt?
In the most recent year for which such
figures are available, U.S. News shows mili
tary orders accounted for 94 per cent of all
aircraft and parts, 61 per cent of ships and
boats, 38 per cent of radio and communica
tions equipment, and so on down a list in
which many of the basic industries are in
volved to a varying extent. Payrolls reflect
this situation.
Some states with California way at the
top of the list are far more dependent on
defense spending than others. As of the year
By MARQUIS CIIILDS
UNITED NATIONS. N.Y. - On
the Kennedy measuring rod me
world stands considerably short of
the millennium and still just a step
away (rom the apocalypse of nu
clear war.
This curious position poised be
tween heaven and hell, as
summed up in the President's
speech, reflects the atmosphere
of I he United Nations and the
peoples represented in the great
plnB8 cube on Uie East River.
Whether it Is a pause, with the
forces for further progress to
ward peace still strong and move
ment in the future assured, or
merely a brief punctuation mark
in the cold war no one can yet
say.
But quite apart from the speech
es and the rhetoric of statesmen
profound changes are taking
place and Uiose changes seem to
liave a momentum of their own.
Despite the elaborate bureaucra
tic procedures set up in Wash
ington, the barriers of trade with
in. Past and West are bound to
be breached.
That was the Insistent demand
of the businessmen brought to
Washington to discuss Uie expan
sion of exports. America's Euro
pean allies are doing $2 million in
trade with the Communist bloc,
including China, and the barriers
Imimsed by tho Department of
Commerce (neatly handicap
American business in Its foreign
operation. An American business
firm or that firm's licensee in
Enropo makes a successful bid
fur an order from a bloc nation
and It is stopped by Wash
ington. Promptly a French or Ger
man or British company picks it
up.
The Canadian wheat deal with
the Soviet Union Is anotlier sign
pf the changing times. A year or
tn ago that deal would have
touched off a loud chorus of de
nunciation in the Congress. Today
tba reaction Is one of concern
and annoyance that the United
States with Its vast stored sur
pluses of grain seems to be pie
dialed from cuch sales.
What Is happening may well
be a reflection of forces long sine
put In motion which cannot be de
nied. As Cut President spoke In the
Assembly chamber that is aom
her for all its rather fussy mod
ernity, two spirits seemed to ho
ver in the sir as having evoked
tit's moment of pause and hope.
The late Pope John XXII! as
much at ny ilnfl Individual pre
pared the way In the West for
Ilia test-ban treaty. In Uie brief
A Better Foundation
that ended last March 31, 10 states accounted
for two thirds of the prime contracts, with a
money value of $,17 billion.
Even so, says U.S. News, all the authori
tative studies so far made including those by
government agencies and other groups agree
on three points.
Point 1. Disarmament would be partial
and would be spread over a lengthy period
of time. A $5 billion a year cut, to a total of
$25 billion, has been suggested as a probabili
ty. Point 2. A tax cut would accompany it,
thus cushioning the shock.
Point 3. Business as a whole despite
the severe adjustments that would be neces
sary in some fields, as well as some states
would not have to be upset for a prolonged
period. The magazine says: ". . . the effects
would be spotty, and few think a general de
pression would necessarily follow unless the
arms cutback should happen to coincide with
the working of other forces of a deflationary
type." The experience with the heavy cuts in
arms spending that followed World War II
and the Korean truce bears those anticipations
out.
U.S. News goes into considerable detail
concerning the effects of disarmament on in
dividuals, enterprises, institutions, and poli
cies .The summing up: "Any real peace, per
mitting substantial disarmament, still looks a
long way off. Yet planning for peace is a con
tinuing project. If it comes, the experts agree,
the country should be able to take what it
brings in stride, without a collapse of the
economy."
It is a travesty on intelligence to consider
war and killing as a foundation for prosperity.
wouia De me
WASHINGTON CALLING . .
Inching Toward
span of his papacy lie brought
about a complete alteration in
the climate of opinion within his
church. And this Sn turn brought
changes in the political climate in
the West.
The second unseen but felt pres
ence was that of Dag Hammar
skjold. He contributed mightily
before his tragic death to the
U.N. Even more important ho
buttressed belief in the integrity of
tho world organization and Its ca
pacity to find a way out of the
grave crises that in their multi
plicity nearly overwhelmed the
U.N. during his tenure as Secre
tary General.
Two more disparate , men It
would be hard to imagine than
the meticulous, brilliant Suede
and the benign and wonderfully
human Pope. But each served the
world in his own way as it is
given to few men to do.
Looking frankly at the depart
ment of future hope and possible
next steps to relax tensions the
prospect on the diplomatic level
is slim. An agreement to keep
from outer space may be negoti
ated, In a sense this has already
been discounted, since the orbit
ing of nuclear weapons can serve
no military purpose that is not
already served a thousandfold by
tlie huge land-bated and sca-hased
BERRY'S WORLD
"Will yu quit fxMfMjr iht o'.i iinii.t
luitituplttt)!"
Peace
arsenals in being. Cooperation on
an expedition to the moon is a
long way off.
West Genmany and-or France
can, by parlaying a kind of
mutual veto, block almost every
move that has been put forward.
And whore this coincidental har
mony of the veto a veto of fear
and ambition docs not ap
ply, strong restraints still prevail
in the United States. From the
test-ban treaty debate in the Sen
ate it is quite evident that if the
treaty had included underground
tests, whether with seven or with
14 on-site inspections, it would
never have been ratified.
Does this mean the momentum
achieved thus far will be I o s t?
Many fear just this will happen.
There are certain steps Washing
ton and Moscow can start with
out allied approval. One is the ini
tiation after so many delays of an
airline linking the two countries.
Cultural and other exchanges can
be expanded.
These are very small steps. But
viewed as part of the subsurface
trend tho changes taking place
without anyone very consciously
willing them to take place on ci
ther side of the dividing line
they add up to more than we in
this moment of pause comprehend.
m7
gj
- Vfr.'-'i -:.,.!;-;v.-.,--'r W-V.''" I "'"'ji:i&a?.-Vif
IN WASHINGTON
By RALPH de TOLEDANO
From the public acts and pri
vate utterances of President Ken
nedy and his Administration, it is
clear that American foreign pol
icy has made an abrupt about
face. Neither the President nor
the State Department is willing
to admit that this is so, but
there is no longer any doubt in
the minds of competent observers
and fascinated foreign diplomats
that tlie Truman containment pol
icy which governed our affairs
has been tossed into the discard.
With it went the possibility that
the Dulles policy of "liberation"
never very much more than
words might ever be imple
mented. The changes brought about by
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
The arrival of a new book on
my desk, "Spectrum 11," co
edited by Kingsley Amis, t h e
British novelist, reminds me that
the once-despised field of "science
fiction" has come of age in the
last few years.
Looked down upon in the past,
as the low est form of pulp w riting,
s-f has gained considerable sta
ture since so many of its "wild"
fantasies have been not only dup
licated but exceeded by modern
science.
Yet, as a literary genre,
science . fiction remains pretty
much in its intellectual ghetto,
not because of the quality of the
writing (which often is quite high'
but because it docs not deal with
central human problems only
with technical and social ones.
What touches and interests and
moves people is the relationship
between human beings. The high
est fiction, drama and poetry
deals not with "movements" or
historical processes, but with the
curious interlucings and fractur
ings of human hearts. We are
concerned with the innermost
depths of ourselves, with the roots
nl our being, whether we know
them or not.
When science fiction lakes
rarlhang to another planet, the
inhabitants there are either hu
mans In disguise or suhhumans.
In either case, the new planetary
setting adds nothing to self-knowi-edge.
Scientists are now convinced
that Hie Is a fairly frequent phe
nomenon In the universe. And
with three trillion other galaxies
in the universe, it is highly prob
able that something resembling
human life exists elsewhere on
this earth. Even educated re
ligionists now admit this possi
bility Father Thurston Davis,
editor of "The Catholic Mind."
recently said in a speech that
"there well may be, on other
planets sailing t h airy tea
around other suns. Intelligent be
ings like ourselves or perhaps
superior tn our blundering race."
The challenging task for
science fiction today and tomor
row is not to imagine new tech
niques for ipaca travel, but In
envision what these oilier "intel
ligent beings'" might be like, and
Foreign Policy
Mr . Kennedy aided by the Walt
Rostov, Arthur Schlcsingcr Jr.,
and McGcorge Bundy triumvirate
can be summed up briefly. They
arc based on the reversal of tlie
Truman Doctrine, expressed in
the famous "Mr. X" iGcorge
Kcnnan) article of 1047 that the
U.S. can deal effectively with the
Soviet Union only "as a rival, not
a partner in the political arena."
Tlie President has also cast
aside the "containment" policy
"designed to confront the Rus
sians with unalterable counter
force at every point where they
show signs of encroaching upon
the interests of a peaceful and
stable world." 'Again, the words
are Mr. Kennan's, but the pol
icy was official until 12. 1
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
how they would interact w ith us.
The task is to get out of ourselves
psychologically, and not just as
trally. The human brain uses only a
fraction of its power. What other
powers do we have? Have other
races succeeded in conquering
their emotional infantilism, as we
have not? What do love, rage,
greed, envy, mean to humanoids
who have developed in a differ
ent environment. There is a
vast opportunity to explore the
potentialities of "intelligent
beings," and only if scicnce-lic-tion
boldly grasps this chance
will it escape from the narrow
confines of its milieu.
Al
manac
By Vnllrd Press International
Today is Wednesday, Oct. 2.
the 27Mh day of 1963 with 90 to
follow.
The moon is approaching its
full phase.
Tho morning stars are Mercury
and Jupiter.
The evening stars are Jupiter
and Saturn.
Those born today include the
Indian leader, Mohandas Gandhi,
in 18iil).
(in this day in history:
In 17H0. the British spy. Mai.
John Andre, convicted in connec
tion with Benedict Arnold's treas
on, was hanged at Tappan. X. Y.
In IM9. It Latin American
countries were represented at the
lust Pan-American Conference in
Washington.
In lilt, a stroke paralyzed the
left ,ide of President Woodrow
. Wilson and forced the White
House to be turned into a hos
pital. In 19M. a bomb blast in New
York City's Times Square in
jured several persons and pan
icked hundreds.
A thought for the day Form
er American President Woodrow
Wilson said: ". . .The day has
come when America must spend
her blood on and her might for
tha principles that gave her birth
and happiness and the peace
which she has treasured."
Thaw1
In its place, the Kennedy Ad
ministration has substituted con
cepts once enunciated by Walter
Lippmann in his attack on the
Truman Doctrine. Mr. Lippmann's
standing as a prophet may be
gauged 'by his flat assertion in
1947 that the United Stales could
never find "The strength and
resourcefulness to contain the So
viet power over a period of 10 or
15 years." The Kennedy Adminis
tration seems to have waited un
til the Lippmann prediction fell of
its own weight before adopting
the policies he advocated.
Mr. Kennedy now argues and
implements that argument with
specific acts tliat containment is
dead. The time has come to end
the cold war, ho feels, and the
initiative must be his. Instead of
standing up to Soviet encroach
ments, the White House must sell
the Kremlin on a new policy of
"cooperation."
Far more important than this
is the very sharp swing away
rom the system of alliances
'multilateralism i which have pre
served the peace since the begin
ning of NATO, and the abandon
ment of the Atlantic community
concept, to a new policy of bi
lateralism. The suggestion that
the United States and the Soviet
Union, as the two great powers,
should decide all matters between
themselves and the devil take
tlie rest of the world was first
made by Premier Stalin to Presi
dent Roosevelt at Yalta. It has
boon repealed at regular inter
vals by the Kremlin, and it is the
major aim of Comrade Khrush
chev's foreign policy.
The President, though he does
not go quite so far as the Soviets,
has now accepted it. He believes
that there can be a "settlement"
of cold war controversies only it
tlie ineffable Nikita and he as
the world's stroiia men come to
an agreement. The rest of the
world will then fall in line. It is
the obvious conviction of Mr.
Kennedy which has generated the
opposition of General do Gaulle to
American acts. It has also encour
aged the growing suspicion of
many Europeans that tlie Kenne
dy Administration intends to cast
them adrilt.
The so-called "eye to eye" con
frontation of Mr. Kennedy and
Comrade Khrushchev over Cuba
in October. 1W2 caused convul
sions in Europe's capitals not so
much because NATO govern
ments really feared the out
break of nuclear war, but rather
because they were informed of
imminent U.S. action on a take-it-or-lcaveit
basis.
President Kennedy's offer of a
joint U. S.-Soviet moon probe has
had on equally far-reaching ef
fect. The Administration's haste
to "disclose" tlul a similar oiler
had been made in 1951 was an
answer to the dismayed reaction
along Eniliassy Row where dip
lomatic speculation was rile.
Certainly, the steamroller tac
tics of the Administration in win
ning support in lite Senate for
tlie Treaty of Moscow on a nucle
ar test ban assume a new sipni
ficancc. And it points up tlie ar
guments made by those who stand
in opposition. If the Pohlmunist
leopard has changed his spots,
Mr. Kennedy may emerge as
the Great Peacemaker. But if the
White House has miscalculated,
(lie disarray in the Western alli
ance may well leave us divided
and confused when Comrade
Khrushchev next assaults the
Ire work).
By PETER EDSOV
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEAI - The
great American proclivity to sock
somebody in the jaw when things
don't go right is so strongly devel
oped that it is recognized world
wide as a national characteristic.
It is particularly pronounced
when the fellow who ought to
get slapped is smaller than the
one who w ants to throw t h e
punches.
This explains why some mem
bers of Congress want to cut off
all aid to little South Vietnam
until President Ngo Dinh Diem
kicks his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu
out of office and makes him stop
harassing the Buddhists.
It also may explain why Sen.
Barry Goldwater wanted to tie a
delayed ratification amendment
i onto the test ban treaty until
the Russians get clean out of
Cuba.
This proposal not only was in
tended to get even with Premier
Fidel Castro, but also with Rus
sia's Nikita Khrushchev.
It explains tlie barrage of ver
bal brickbats being tossed in the
path of Yugoslavia's Marshal Tito
to welcome him on his visit to
America in October.
Other international characters
Americans have from time i0
President Gamal Abdel Nasser
Prime,CM n"ed A'ab Public.
. Tr Nehru and
refredfnend.H. V. Krishna Men
on. of India. President Sukarno
of Indonesia, Mao Tse-tung and
he whole heirarchy of Red China
of course.
There are times, even, when
President Charles de Gaulle of
America's oldest ally-France -has
seemed to warrant on his
forthcoming U.S. visit a welcom
ing kick on the shins.
The powerful United Slates of
course, could lick any or all
of these individuals and their
countries.
Yet the U.S. makes no move
to overthrow any of these na
tional leaders, either by force or
by shutting off its aid. Because
that doesn't work.
One of the arguments frequent
ly cited by hot-headed Americans
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
WASHINGTON Implementa
tion of tlie top-secret Ball Report
is apparently underway.
That document, drafted short
ly before President John Kennedy
took his oath of office, is the
handiwork of George Ball, a New
Y'ork lawyer who was subsequent
ly named Undersecretary of State
in the new Administration.
News of the report was first
leaked to the New York Times in
January, 1962. The trial balloon
revealed that Ball favored a "pos
itive response to Khrushchev's
hish-sounding trade overtures."
The Ball report was said to
urge stepped-up trade with the
Communist bloc. It reportedly
recommended that President-elect
Kennedy "persuade other free
enterprise countries . . . that we
are genuinely prepared to recog
nize the portential economic ad
vantage of East-West trade."
Congressional leaders, alarmed
over the Times report, set up a
Special House Committee on Ex
port Control, chaired by the then
Hep. A. Paul Kitchin, to investi
gate the situation.
Called for testimony. Ball re
fused tn hand over a copy of his
report. It was Congressman Steve
De rnunian. New Y'ork Republican,
who finally got his hands on one.
He sent a copy to President Ken
nedy, demanding to know wheth
er or not the Administration
planned to accept the Ball recom
mendations. The Chief Executive's
answer was a masterpiece of
evasion.
Within the past fortnight Ad
ministration officials have moved
in such a way as to indicate that
the Ball recommendations have
been implemented.
1. It was learned the State
Department had tacitly given its
blessing to the massive wheat deal
signed by Canada with Soviet Un
ion. Approved by Uncle Sam
was tlie shipment of 220 million
bushels worth $5(10 million tn the
Soviet Union and Castro Cuba.
2. A Department spokesman.
Robert McCloskey. revealed that
U S.-Soviet talks may be upcom
ing in which increased trade will
be discussed. "We approve of
peaceful trade with the Soviet
bloc." McCloskey said.
3. Sen. Hubert Humphrey, Dem
ocratic whip, announced he would
push hard for increased East
West trade. He claimed to have
in President Kennedy an "inter
ested, attentive listener."
4. The President's brother. At
torney General Robert Kennedy,
spoke for the Administration when
he voiced the hope for a "steady
wklening" of economic relations
is that this country ought to fol
low the example of the Russians
in forcing weaker nations to too
a given line.
The Russians did use force to
suppress the rebellious workers
of East Germany in 1933 and tha
revolutionary movement in Hun
gary, 1956.
But in both these instances the
Rsssians had divisions within easy
marching distance to suppress
the rioters and keep them under
control. In the areas more re
mole from Russian tanks, the
Soviet has had no better luck
than the United States in making
upstarts say "Uncle."
The first to break with Russia
was Tito, when he pulled out of
the Commintern in 1948. Russia
retaliated by boycotting Yugosla
via. When the West stepped into
the gap and Yugoslavia showed
signs of progress without Russian
assistance, it was Khrushchev
himself who went to Tito and ar
ranged a reconciliation by diplo
macy, not force.
Though Russia had a submarine
base in little Albania, her Commu
nist First Secretary General En;
ver Hoxlia did not hesitate to tell
Khrushchev to his face in Moscow
that he was a traitor to Marxism
and Stalinism. Though the Rus
sians have ranted at Hoxha, he
continues tn thumb his nose at
them and gets away with it.
Similarly, little Cuba, 5.0110
miles from Moscow, has been
able to defy big Russia on some
things. Though the United States
90 miles away forced Russia
to withdraw its missiles from
Cuba. Castro adamantly refused
to allow U.N. inspectors to verify
the dismantling of bases, as pro
posed by Khrushchev.
Russia's limitations also were
exposed in the Congo, where its
missions were expelled by Gen.
Joseph Mobutu, in Laos where it
has not been able to force the
Pathet Lao Communists to sup
port the neutralist Premier
Prince Souvanna Phouma, and in
Red China, where Mao again is
leading his impoverished party
on another long march of defi
ance. The much stronger Soviet Un
ion seems helpless to do anything
about it but complain.
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Expansion Of Trade
Gaining Momentum
with Communist Poland. He said
his brother favors inclusion of
Poland in the "most favored na
tion" category of foreign traders.
5. Secretary of Commerce Lu
ther Hodges, considered the most
moderate of the President's ad
visers, said he would suggest to
his boss an expansion of U.S.
trade with the Communist bloc.
6. Sen. George McGovern, for
mer head of the Food for Peace
agency, summed up Administra
tion thinking by saying: "From
every standpoint Urade with the
Soviets I is in our economic in
terest and the sales will be
made in any event by our allies."
Note: Congressman Glen Lip
scomb, one of the country's best
experts on East-West trade, says
the Administration has consistent
ly approved the sale of strategic
materials to the Soviet bloc.
One of the latest examples is
the Commerce Department's okay
for export to the Soviet Union of
revolutionary new mining equip
ment which Lipscomb believes to
have strategic importance. The
Administration has approved the
following items lor Soviet - bloc
countries:
To Yugoslavia: electronic tubes,
copper cable, aircraft and auto
motive parts, iron and steel scrap,
steel pipe, petroleum products,
borates, silicon, synthetic resins,
electronic testing machines and
parts.
Tn Hungary: radioactive iso.
tes, chemical specialties, med
ical and pharmaceutical prepara
tions, technical data.
To Cuba: Technical data, med
ical equipment, radio transcrip
tions, oflice machinery.
To East Germany: semi-conductors,
surgical and medical
equipment, synthetic resins, tech
nical data, radioactive isotopes.
To Czechoslovakia: industrial
chemicals, industrial instruments
and parts, rubber manufactures,
synthetic resins, safely apparal
and equipment.
To the Soviet Union: steel and
iron alaplp. glass products, as
bestos (iber. saw blades, heavy
duty industrial equipment, textile
machinery and parts.
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q Where was (he npw U.S.
flag, rarrylng SO stars, first
raised?
A At Independence Hall, Phil
adelphia. July 4. 1W0.
Q What do lobster feed nn?
A They are scavengers and
will eat anvthing.