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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (Aug. 19, 1963)
PAGE I HERALD AD NEWS. KUmaUi Falls. Oregon Monday. August If. 1361 EDSON IN WASHINGTON WHAT'S IN A NAME-ANYMORE? Long Fight Coming On Nuclear Treaty Towns Eliminate Parking Meters The fellow who has, through the years, resented the parking meter is beginning to get some sweet revenge. More towns are ex perimenting to see if removal of the meters will help downtown merchants. The businessmen located in downtown areas say the meters are driving customers to shopping centers. They want 'em removed. That they are getting results in their demands is seen in the removal of meters in St. Peters burg. Now Phoenix City, Ala., has done away 'with collections for the summer and Valdosta, Ga., is going to conduct a three-months' trial by covering the gadgets. In agreeing to cover up the meters, Val dosta city officials took action to discourage overtime parking. They raised the amount of :the fine from $1 to $2. The Negro's Real Interests (The Christian Science Monitor) Plans for a "march on Washington" ap pear to be taking more reasonable form than when they were first publicized. Negro lead ers at a meeting in New York have empha sized that there is no plan for Anything other than an orderly pilgrimage to the capital on the part of as many as may turn out on August :28. I '. Any group of people have a right to pre :sont their views to their senators and repre sentatives or to call attention to grievances :by peaceful demonstration. Were they to car Try this to the point of sit-ins which impeded the work of Congress, the effect might be ad verse rather than favorable. Good legislation is not made by mob pressure, and lawmakers properly resent suggestions of operating un der intimidation. Essentially the civil rights battle is a contest between minorities. The threat of a -filibuster, which might be galvanized by an extreme bill of public accommodations, is of ; course a defensive device on the part of Southern whiles. Yet senators who are on the :ience about invoking cloture of debate may ; reasonably look forward to occasions when ; legitimate interests of other minorities might ' be imperiled. One of the most serious apprehensions about the present situation is that a ding-dong fight about an extreme form of public accom modations bill might tie up legislation, es pecially in the upper house, to the extent that virtually nothing of pending pro grams would get enacted. If, for example, the Senate Finance Com mittee should decide to hold very prolonged hearings on a tax reduction bill (assuming passage by the House), the present session raj HOLMES By HOLMES ALEXANDER Can a Congress, like a man. i have greatness thrust upon it? II ' so, tlie 88th, now in session, may ' go into history wearing entirely ; unexpected laurels. For Hie thrusting of responsibil ity took place when, twice in mid summer, tltc President asked for radical, epoch making-or-brcak-ing measures. The first was one of social upheaval in the name ol racial equality, and the second was one of voluntary disarma ment in circumstances more per ilous than any war we ever fought. How Congress reacts in the weeks ahead to these challenges will prove its capacity for greatness. ; let us step back to say that the j.'dath was not born great. It came viillo being last November in Uie ; emotional turmoil of Uhj Cuban confrontation. The melodramatic '- crisis undoubtedly diverted the voters' attention from the patent failure of the New Frontier's do mestic and Foreign policies. It called upon the electorate to sup port the President's belated and subsequently unsatisfactory ulti matum to Khrushchev. Nor did (he 88th, wiUi its huge Democratic majorities, achieve greaUicss on its own initiaUve. Deep into August, its Majority and Minority leadership has failed tine prime parliamentary purpose of '. legislating. Mansfield and McCor- mack, like Ev and Charlie, -.haven't found the handle that '. turns on (lie power-switch. But who can say that the pow ; cr Isn't there? And what Is Con gressional greatness, anyhow? 1 take It that tlie First Congress, might run into 1964 without action on that im portant subject. And the well-being of Ne groes would he one of the chief sufferers from the delay. One of the objects of the march to Wash ington, according to spokesmen, is to call attention to the plight of the Negro worker, one of the worst sufferers from unemploy ment. Yet the nation's most active hope for reducing unemployment in general and among Negroes in particular is in the eco nomic effect to be expected from a definitive cut in tax load on business, consumers, and investors. Though important as a matter of dignity, the number of Negroes affected by discrim ination in restaurants and hotels is relatively small. On the other hand, the number of those who might find new jobs or be recalled to work as a result of a widespread pickup in business activity could easily run into tens of thousands. Probably all but the public accommo dations section of the administration civil rights bill can be obtained with backing sufficient to override an incipient filibuster. This would include significant protections of the right to vote. It may even be that the application to hotels and restaurants can be so delimited as to avert a stalemate. But if Negro leaders and rank and file think through the matter of what will most effectively serve their interest, they surely will come to some helpful conclusions. Among these, it may be submitted, is the proposition that their own long-run interest will be better served by a presentation that aids the orderly handling of legislation than by one that ends in a clashing of congressional gears. ALEXANDER A Call To Greatness which wrote the Bill of Rights that became the first 10 Amend ments to Utc Constitution, stands at the top. In more recent times, when the worst problem we had was Labor, the Both Congress leg islated the Taft-Hartley Act over a presidential veto. Neither Senator Taft nor Con gressman Hartley was officially in the position now occupied by Mansfield. McCormack, Dirkseii or llallcck. Leadership came up from Uie floors, up from the com mittees. Similarly, when the Labor-Management Act was signifi cantly updated a decade after ward. It bore the name of non leadership men: Landrum and tiriffin. In the early lDM's, during tlie 82nd Congress, we had another spurt of greatness, surmounting a presidential veto, with the Mc Carran Act for Internal Security. Again, a mere committee chair man. Senator McCarran tNev.) of Judiciary, and not a front-row leader, performed the needed service. My thesis emerges by now. The 88th Congress will find its great ness by accepting the responsibil ities thrust upon it. This can be done by rewriting Uie Civil Rights Act and by revising the Nuclear Treaty. It will not do so by rubber-stamping these measures be cause the Administration says to do so. A House-Senate rewrite of the bill, and a Senate revision (in the form of "reservations"), will not bo done by tlie men in tlie front seats. These things will have to be done, if they are done, There appears to be sound argument for the removal of the metered parking. There are ever-increasing numbers of shopping cen ters where parking is free. And easy. So the little woman drives the six blocks to the cen ter rather than feed a nickel to the machine. Now that merchants are beginning to get their way about easing machine parking re quirements, we hope they'll refrain from driving their cars, as well as those of employes' to a space directly in front of the store and occupying it all day. And we hope the cops on the beat will not be lenient on the merchants simply because they get a free cigar, a cup of coffee or a free lunch. If the meters are re moved the merchants' cars should be tagged and tagged good and frequent. by non-leadership Congressmen and Senators who have the con viction, the knowledge and t h e force to make sure that the coun try gets what tlie hour of history demands on these two measures. Thei-e are such men. I have heard them in committee and in terviewed them in their offices, and put their names and ideas repeatedly, perhaps tedious ly, into this column over the past weeks. No need (or another round of name-dropping. What matters now is to get these ideas clothed with Congressional action. Tlie 88th is not negative toward Civil Rights, as such, but it de sires to better the lot of Negroes without clamping police state methods UHn the whole popula tion. It will take real legislative talent to accomplish what is de sirable without swallowing what is undesirable. How? Perhaps, by a Constitutional Amendment. Per haps, by a Marshall-type plan to improve the skills, education, in come and citizenship of the under developed Negro nation-within-a-nation. And tlie treaty? Tlie Senate is not gouig to reject it. But the Sen ate wants a treaty that will not freeze American disadvantages, not assume that Russian Commu nism has changed its spots, not legitimatize Soviet conquests Irom East Europe to the Carib bean and not Irad into a foolish disarmament spasm. These assignments on Civil Rights and on tlie Nuclear Treaty are lough ones ior the 88th. But gieatncss never comes easily. V 'W " . 1- I .. I THE GLOBAL VIEW tejj Nehru's Two-Way Street By LEON DENNEN WASHINGTON (NEA) - Amer ican military and economic aid lo India "yes, I want it." The Voice of America "No, I don't want it." This, in effect, sums up Prime Minister Nehru's latest policy of nonalignmcnt. India's "positive neutralist" has changed his mind about his re cent agreement with the United States to set up a Voice of America radio transmitter in Cal cutta. He now sees the agree ment as an "infringement" of India's nonalignmcnt policy. Nehru actually said this to mem bers of India's parliament. The U.S. government, incident ally, earmarked the costly trans mitter as another gift to the "peo ple of India" from the Amer ican taxpayers, of course. All the State Department asked in By SYDNEY J. HARRIS Speaking of the old books found in summer houses, as 1 was the other day, reminded me that among the collection I ran across in my house were three or four volumes of the "Doctor Doo little" books I used to read as a child. I had long cherished the mem ories of these books, and it came as a shock to me a few years ago when I read in the newspaper that Hugh Lofting, their author, had just died at the comparatively early age of 54, or something like that. When I road the books, in the middle l'J20s, I conceived of the author as long dead, or at least as an old man with twinkling eyes and a fine Santa Clans beard. He seemed to me to rombine the finest attributes of age and youth the wisdom of the former and the spirit of Uie latter. The "Doctor Doolittlc" books remained in my mind long after the thousands of other children's books had vanished without a trace, because Lolling was one ol the handful of authors who did manage to convey both under standing and merriment at the same lime. He knew how to take serious things lightly, and light things seriously. Nothing is easier to write than a child's book, and nothing is harder to write well. Each year thousands of such books come off the presses, in four colors, and most of them blur into one gray mass of indigestible coyness and archness and goodv-goodiness. My children despise such books wholeheartedly, and show g o o od taste in doing so. Musi of these books are written by women land by women with three names, which is even worse). And while women make admirable mothers and wives and sweethearts, they make terrible authors of children's books, as I have had occasion to remark before. The reason, il seems to me. is thai women mature in more ways than men do. Men remain children in certain areas las every wile knows', and It is precisely this return was the right to use it three hours a day to broadcast America's message to Southeast Asia. There is fat irony in this new "diplomatic" mix-up. Nehru's sec ond thoughts about the agreement coincided with an announcement by his foreign ministry that the U.S. also offered to provide India with "a set of radar installations and connected communication equipment." Did Nehru reject this offer because it would cer tainly jeopardize his "neutral ity" even more than Voice of America broadcasts? According to the Indian Em bassy in Washington, "This of fer has been accepted since ra dar coverage is the first requisite for effective air defense arrange ments." More than that, the United States also agreed lo send quali- STRICTLY PERSONAL sprinkling of immaturity that en ables tliem to achieve literary rap port with a child. Women arc strong on tales with a moral; they want to improve character, correct sloppy gram mar, make sure that teeth are brushed and hands are clean and pajamas are properly buttoned. This is their conserving function of the world; this is how they hand down the tradition of rearing children. But the best stories have no moral or, at least, the moral is hidden and implicit. The best stories are a little soiled under the fingernails, and the buttons are done up every which way. If a woman had written "Alice in Wonderland," the White Rabbit would have washed Alice's face. There are no Grimm Sisters, no female equivalent of Hans Chris tian Andersen, no Louisa Carroll. And if Hugh Lading's sister had written the "Doctor Doolittle" books, she would have called him "Doctor Domore." BERRY'S WORLD Fr3 J "As your employer, Jenkins, I don't object to lUtU intuit moouiiibtinstut TH1SI- fied personnel to train India's air force to master the use of this highly sophisticated equip ment. All this in addition to tlie mas sive economic and military aid the U.S. gave (and is giving) to India even while Krishna Men on backed Russia and Red China in the United Nations. Thus, while Nehru has no res ervations about accepting U.S. military aid, he fears that his neutrality might be questioned if he permits the Voice of America to broadcast the message of free dom and democracy from In dian soil. The (act is that India, having been confronted with Red China's aggression, now views with even greater alarm than the U.S. the threat of Mao Tse-tung's expan sionism. For years Nehru turned a deaf car lo the American "imperial ists" who warned him about Red treachery. Now, ironically, it is India's "neutralist" Prime Minister who is warning Washing ton about Mao's ambitions and how the West's interests coincide with India's. However, in the view of Asian diplomats, there is much more lo Nehru's new policy than simple self-defense. Pakistan, India's uneasy neighbor, is particularly disturbed about the massive mil itary aid the U.S. is giving India. Pakistan is a staunch ally of the West through the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization iSEATOi which Nehru never joined. Pakistan's President Ayub Khan even warned recently that this one-way buildup of Nehru's armed forces' might force the weaker nations of Asia to look to Red China for protection. But Ayub's warning seems to have cut little ice with President Kennedy's liberal advisers. Like Chester Bowles, the U.S. ambas sador to India, they are convinced thai Nehru is also a great lib eral "a major force for peace" and can therefore do no w rong. India's Prime Minister, in turn, is quoted as having said that U.S. officials, "particularly Pres ident Kennedy." fully understood and sympathized with India's so called nonalignmcnt. By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON' (NEA) Oppo sition lo U.S. Senate ratification of the nuclear test ban treaty with Britain and Russia is expect ed to be bitter and prolonged. Hearings before tlie Senate For eign Relations Committee which has legislative jurisdiction over ratification, the Senate Prepared ness subcommittee and Uie Joint Atomic Energy Commiltee may run a month or more. After that will come several weeks of debate in the Senate. Ratification may not come belore October. The Kennedy administration, from the President on down, be lieves lliere will be no great prob lem in getting ratification by tlie required two-thirds of the Senate. But the aim is to get approval by 80 or 90 senators lo show live world that the country is over whelmingly in support of the treaty. Key witnesses probably will be the Joint Chiefs of Staff and top atomic scientists who have played major roles in developing t h e American nuclear weapons arse nal. They are not expected to be unanimous in their opinion. De fense Secretary Robert S. Mc Namara and Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, chairman of the Joint Chiefs, are likely to support the administration's point of view. Army, Navy and Air Force chiefs may express dissent as they have in the past. A majority of the atomic scien tists are known to feel there is more danger to humanity from the fallout of continued atmos pheric testing than there is risk in even an imperfect test ban treaty. One notable exception to this view is Dr. Edward Teller, gen erally regarded as father of the hydrogen bomb development. He has writlcn a letter to every member of Congress saying that under the proposed lest ban: WASHINGTON REPORT . . Test Ban Treaty Could Be Shocker By FULTON LEWIS JR. On a bitter cold December night this winter, hordes of Red Chi nese and North Korean troops may pour across the 38th paral lel. Soldiers of the South Korean and U.S. Armies, greatly outnum bered, will retreat down the pen insula, as they did once before, 13 years ago. In all-night sessions at Uie Pent agon, the Joint Chiefs may decide il is necessary to use tactical nu clear weapons to hall the onrush ing marauders. Then the shocker. From the State Department may come word the military must wait 90 days before nuclear wea pons can be used. The reason: A partial test ban ratified earlier by the U.S. Senate. Preposterous? Not at all, ac cording to legal experts who have studied carefully the treaty brought back from Moscow by Averell Harriman. That document outlaws not only nuclear tests but "any other nuclear explosions." as well. The only exceptions are underground explosions that re lease no fall-out. The Moscow treaty, now under Senate study, provides any signa tor must give three months ad vance notice belore it can with draw and test or use nuclear wea pons. There are other loopholes. Sup pose the Soviet Union violates the treaty by embarking upon a full scale test program without giving three months advance notice. Le gal experts say the United States must still wait three months be fore it can test. Otherwise the United Stales would be violating the treaty, which remains in ef fect, and is. (he Constitution says. "Uie supreme law of the land." The treaty may be abrogated, but this can be a lengthy and arduous task, requiring action by both Houses of Congress. Says Thomas J. Norton, in his defini tive work, the "Constitution of the United States: Its Sources and lis Application"; "Once a treaty is made, it requires both branch es of Congress to abrogate it; that is, the President and the Sen ate cannot undo their work." Note: Minnesota Sen. Hubert Humphrey, never known as much of an economizer, used several thousand dollars of tlie taxpay ers dough the other day when he inserted in the Congressional Rec ord 37 pages of editorial com ment favoring the test ban. Cost to the taxpayers at $81 a page: $3,2.y. A New York Congressman, shocked to ieam Uncle Sam is taking back still another Korean "We could not control Russian atmospheric tests if these tests stay well below one kiloton uht equivalent of 1,000 tons of TN'Ti. Use of clean explosives may per mit even bigger Russian experi mentation. Such small tests could be decisive in developing missilt defense, a field of utmost im portance in which the Russians may already have a considerable lead. "There is little doubt that the Russians are ahead of us in big nuclear explosions," adds Teller. "A ban on atmospheric tests would perpetuate this situation. "Only after the Russian tests and boasts of 1961 did we be come fully aware of the fact that in these fields we are at a disadvantage and that the dis advantage could become fatal," concludes Teller. "We may now he involved in another move which will make tlie disadvant age permanent and which in the field of missile defense may give added opportunity to the Rus sians." A principal critic of the lest ban treaty in Congress and an advocate of Teller's views is Rep. Craig Hosmer, R-Calif. He is a wartime naval officer, later an Atomic Energy Commission at torney, now a Joint Atomic En ergy Committee member. Last May Rep., Hosmer pn posed a test ban treaty of his own which would have allowed each side about a dozen fallout free underground tests annually. The treaty which Undersecre tary of State Averell Harriman negotiated at Moscow goes far beyond what Hosmer proposed. It allows not just 12. but unlimited underground testing by the United States, Britain and Russia. Production of nuclear materials is not stopped. Stockpiling of nu clear weapons is not stopped. The United States may resume at mospheric, underwater and out erspace testing at any time na tional security is threatened. Fin ally, the U.S. is given veto power over treaty amendments. War turncoal, has introduced re medial legislation. Republican Paul Fino has proposed automat ic forfeiture of the citizenship of turncoats like Lowell D. Skinner, who returned last week. "It is disgraceful," says Fino, "lo think that Korean War turncoats who thought more of the enemy than the United States, should be permitted and allowed to return to this country and con tinue to enjoy all of the benelits and privileges of American citi zenship. "A dishonorable discharge, in my opinion, is not sufficient punishment for these turncoats. Only forfeiture of citizenship would adequately take care of these characters who preferred Communist China to the freedom of our country." Skinner has sold his story to a TV network. In addition, he will receive $1,700 in Army back pay. Arab nomads will soon be smok ing American cigarettes, courtesy of the U.S. Food for Peace pro gram. From Aug. 13 to Dec. 31, American ships will carry 1.000 1 metric tons of domesUc leaf to bacco and assorted tobacco prod ucts to Cairo. Cost to taxpayers: $1.6 million. Almanac By United Press International Todiy is Monday. Aug. 19, the 231st day of 1963 with 134 to fol low. The moon is at its new phase. Tlie morning stars are Jupiter and Saturn. The evening stars are Mars and Saturn. Those born today include elder statesman Bernard Baruch, in 1870. On this day in history: In 1915. two Americans were killed when a German U-boat torpedoed the British liner Ara bic. In 1934. Germany voted that Adolf Hitler would be the offi cial successor to President Von Hindenburg. In 1953, the worst flood in northeastern United Slates killed 2no persons and destroyed or damaged ?o nno home.s. In I960, U-l pilot Francis Pow ers was convicted of espionage in Uie Soviet Union. A thought fix- the day Ameri can author Anne Morrow Lind bergh said: "One can never pay in gratitude: or can only pay 'in kind' somewhere else in lite." "V hi'' 'H' i
