PAGE I
HERALD AD NEWS. KUmaUi Falls. Oregon
Monday. August If. 1361
EDSON IN WASHINGTON
WHAT'S IN A NAME-ANYMORE?
Long Fight Coming
On Nuclear Treaty
Towns Eliminate Parking Meters
The fellow who has, through the years,
resented the parking meter is beginning to
get some sweet revenge. More towns are ex
perimenting to see if removal of the meters
will help downtown merchants.
The businessmen located in downtown
areas say the meters are driving customers
to shopping centers. They want 'em removed.
That they are getting results in their demands
is seen in the removal of meters in St. Peters
burg. Now Phoenix City, Ala., has done away
'with collections for the summer and Valdosta,
Ga., is going to conduct a three-months' trial
by covering the gadgets.
In agreeing to cover up the meters, Val
dosta city officials took action to discourage
overtime parking. They raised the amount of
:the fine from $1 to $2.
The Negro's Real Interests
(The Christian Science Monitor)
Plans for a "march on Washington" ap
pear to be taking more reasonable form than
when they were first publicized. Negro lead
ers at a meeting in New York have empha
sized that there is no plan for Anything other
than an orderly pilgrimage to the capital on
the part of as many as may turn out on August
:28.
I '. Any group of people have a right to pre
:sont their views to their senators and repre
sentatives or to call attention to grievances
:by peaceful demonstration. Were they to car
Try this to the point of sit-ins which impeded
the work of Congress, the effect might be ad
verse rather than favorable. Good legislation
is not made by mob pressure, and lawmakers
properly resent suggestions of operating un
der intimidation.
Essentially the civil rights battle is a
contest between minorities. The threat of a
-filibuster, which might be galvanized by an
extreme bill of public accommodations, is of
; course a defensive device on the part of
Southern whiles. Yet senators who are on the
:ience about invoking cloture of debate may
; reasonably look forward to occasions when
; legitimate interests of other minorities might
' be imperiled.
One of the most serious apprehensions
about the present situation is that a ding-dong
fight about an extreme form of public accom
modations bill might tie up legislation, es
pecially in the upper house, to the extent
that virtually nothing of pending pro
grams would get enacted.
If, for example, the Senate Finance Com
mittee should decide to hold very prolonged
hearings on a tax reduction bill (assuming
passage by the House), the present session
raj
HOLMES
By HOLMES ALEXANDER
Can a Congress, like a man.
i have greatness thrust upon it? II
' so, tlie 88th, now in session, may
' go into history wearing entirely
; unexpected laurels.
For Hie thrusting of responsibil
ity took place when, twice in mid
summer, tltc President asked for
radical, epoch making-or-brcak-ing
measures. The first was one
of social upheaval in the name ol
racial equality, and the second
was one of voluntary disarma
ment in circumstances more per
ilous than any war we ever fought.
How Congress reacts in the weeks
ahead to these challenges will
prove its capacity for greatness.
; let us step back to say that the
j.'dath was not born great. It came
viillo being last November in Uie
; emotional turmoil of Uhj Cuban
confrontation. The melodramatic
'- crisis undoubtedly diverted the
voters' attention from the patent
failure of the New Frontier's do
mestic and Foreign policies. It
called upon the electorate to sup
port the President's belated and
subsequently unsatisfactory ulti
matum to Khrushchev.
Nor did (he 88th, wiUi its huge
Democratic majorities, achieve
greaUicss on its own initiaUve.
Deep into August, its Majority and
Minority leadership has failed tine
prime parliamentary purpose of
'. legislating. Mansfield and McCor-
mack, like Ev and Charlie,
-.haven't found the handle that
'. turns on (lie power-switch.
But who can say that the pow
; cr Isn't there? And what Is Con
gressional greatness, anyhow? 1
take It that tlie First Congress,
might run into 1964 without action on that im
portant subject. And the well-being of Ne
groes would he one of the chief sufferers
from the delay.
One of the objects of the march to Wash
ington, according to spokesmen, is to call
attention to the plight of the Negro worker,
one of the worst sufferers from unemploy
ment. Yet the nation's most active hope for
reducing unemployment in general and
among Negroes in particular is in the eco
nomic effect to be expected from a definitive
cut in tax load on business, consumers, and
investors.
Though important as a matter of dignity,
the number of Negroes affected by discrim
ination in restaurants and hotels is relatively
small. On the other hand, the number of
those who might find new jobs or be recalled
to work as a result of a widespread pickup in
business activity could easily run into tens
of thousands.
Probably all but the public accommo
dations section of the administration civil
rights bill can be obtained with backing
sufficient to override an incipient filibuster.
This would include significant protections
of the right to vote. It may even be that the
application to hotels and restaurants can be
so delimited as to avert a stalemate.
But if Negro leaders and rank and file
think through the matter of what will most
effectively serve their interest, they surely
will come to some helpful conclusions. Among
these, it may be submitted, is the proposition
that their own long-run interest will be better
served by a presentation that aids the orderly
handling of legislation than by one that ends
in a clashing of congressional gears.
ALEXANDER
A Call To Greatness
which wrote the Bill of Rights
that became the first 10 Amend
ments to Utc Constitution, stands
at the top. In more recent times,
when the worst problem we had
was Labor, the Both Congress leg
islated the Taft-Hartley Act over
a presidential veto.
Neither Senator Taft nor Con
gressman Hartley was officially
in the position now occupied by
Mansfield. McCormack, Dirkseii
or llallcck. Leadership came up
from Uie floors, up from the com
mittees. Similarly, when the Labor-Management
Act was signifi
cantly updated a decade after
ward. It bore the name of non
leadership men: Landrum and
tiriffin.
In the early lDM's, during tlie
82nd Congress, we had another
spurt of greatness, surmounting
a presidential veto, with the Mc
Carran Act for Internal Security.
Again, a mere committee chair
man. Senator McCarran tNev.) of
Judiciary, and not a front-row
leader, performed the needed
service.
My thesis emerges by now. The
88th Congress will find its great
ness by accepting the responsibil
ities thrust upon it. This can be
done by rewriting Uie Civil Rights
Act and by revising the Nuclear
Treaty. It will not do so by rubber-stamping
these measures be
cause the Administration says to
do so. A House-Senate rewrite
of the bill, and a Senate revision
(in the form of "reservations"),
will not bo done by tlie men in
tlie front seats. These things will
have to be done, if they are done,
There appears to be sound argument for
the removal of the metered parking. There
are ever-increasing numbers of shopping cen
ters where parking is free. And easy. So the
little woman drives the six blocks to the cen
ter rather than feed a nickel to the machine.
Now that merchants are beginning to get
their way about easing machine parking re
quirements, we hope they'll refrain from
driving their cars, as well as those of employes'
to a space directly in front of the store and
occupying it all day. And we hope the cops on
the beat will not be lenient on the merchants
simply because they get a free cigar, a cup of
coffee or a free lunch. If the meters are re
moved the merchants' cars should be tagged
and tagged good and frequent.
by non-leadership Congressmen
and Senators who have the con
viction, the knowledge and t h e
force to make sure that the coun
try gets what tlie hour of history
demands on these two measures.
Thei-e are such men. I have
heard them in committee and in
terviewed them in their offices,
and put their names and ideas
repeatedly, perhaps tedious
ly, into this column over the past
weeks. No need (or another round
of name-dropping. What matters
now is to get these ideas clothed
with Congressional action.
Tlie 88th is not negative toward
Civil Rights, as such, but it de
sires to better the lot of Negroes
without clamping police state
methods UHn the whole popula
tion. It will take real legislative
talent to accomplish what is de
sirable without swallowing what is
undesirable. How? Perhaps, by a
Constitutional Amendment. Per
haps, by a Marshall-type plan to
improve the skills, education, in
come and citizenship of the under
developed Negro nation-within-a-nation.
And tlie treaty? Tlie Senate is
not gouig to reject it. But the Sen
ate wants a treaty that will not
freeze American disadvantages,
not assume that Russian Commu
nism has changed its spots, not
legitimatize Soviet conquests
Irom East Europe to the Carib
bean and not Irad into a foolish
disarmament spasm.
These assignments on Civil
Rights and on tlie Nuclear Treaty
are lough ones ior the 88th. But
gieatncss never comes easily.
V 'W " . 1- I .. I
THE GLOBAL VIEW
tejj Nehru's Two-Way Street
By LEON DENNEN
WASHINGTON (NEA) - Amer
ican military and economic aid
lo India "yes, I want it."
The Voice of America "No,
I don't want it."
This, in effect, sums up Prime
Minister Nehru's latest policy of
nonalignmcnt.
India's "positive neutralist" has
changed his mind about his re
cent agreement with the United
States to set up a Voice of
America radio transmitter in Cal
cutta. He now sees the agree
ment as an "infringement" of
India's nonalignmcnt policy.
Nehru actually said this to mem
bers of India's parliament.
The U.S. government, incident
ally, earmarked the costly trans
mitter as another gift to the "peo
ple of India" from the Amer
ican taxpayers, of course. All
the State Department asked in
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
Speaking of the old books found
in summer houses, as 1 was the
other day, reminded me that
among the collection I ran
across in my house were three or
four volumes of the "Doctor Doo
little" books I used to read as a
child.
I had long cherished the mem
ories of these books, and it came
as a shock to me a few years
ago when I read in the newspaper
that Hugh Lofting, their author,
had just died at the comparatively
early age of 54, or something like
that.
When I road the books, in the
middle l'J20s, I conceived of the
author as long dead, or at least
as an old man with twinkling
eyes and a fine Santa Clans beard.
He seemed to me to rombine the
finest attributes of age and youth
the wisdom of the former and
the spirit of Uie latter.
The "Doctor Doolittlc" books
remained in my mind long after
the thousands of other children's
books had vanished without a
trace, because Lolling was one
ol the handful of authors who did
manage to convey both under
standing and merriment at the
same lime. He knew how to take
serious things lightly, and light
things seriously.
Nothing is easier to write than
a child's book, and nothing is
harder to write well. Each year
thousands of such books come off
the presses, in four colors, and
most of them blur into one gray
mass of indigestible coyness
and archness and goodv-goodiness.
My children despise such books
wholeheartedly, and show g o o od
taste in doing so.
Musi of these books are written
by women land by women with
three names, which is even
worse). And while women make
admirable mothers and wives and
sweethearts, they make terrible
authors of children's books, as
I have had occasion to remark
before.
The reason, il seems to me. is
thai women mature in more ways
than men do. Men remain children
in certain areas las every wile
knows', and It is precisely this
return was the right to use it
three hours a day to broadcast
America's message to Southeast
Asia.
There is fat irony in this new
"diplomatic" mix-up. Nehru's sec
ond thoughts about the agreement
coincided with an announcement
by his foreign ministry that the
U.S. also offered to provide India
with "a set of radar installations
and connected communication
equipment." Did Nehru reject
this offer because it would cer
tainly jeopardize his "neutral
ity" even more than Voice of
America broadcasts?
According to the Indian Em
bassy in Washington, "This of
fer has been accepted since ra
dar coverage is the first requisite
for effective air defense arrange
ments." More than that, the United
States also agreed lo send quali-
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
sprinkling of immaturity that en
ables tliem to achieve literary rap
port with a child.
Women arc strong on tales with
a moral; they want to improve
character, correct sloppy gram
mar, make sure that teeth are
brushed and hands are clean and
pajamas are properly buttoned.
This is their conserving function
of the world; this is how they
hand down the tradition of rearing
children.
But the best stories have no
moral or, at least, the moral is
hidden and implicit. The best
stories are a little soiled under the
fingernails, and the buttons are
done up every which way. If a
woman had written "Alice in
Wonderland," the White Rabbit
would have washed Alice's face.
There are no Grimm Sisters, no
female equivalent of Hans Chris
tian Andersen, no Louisa Carroll.
And if Hugh Lading's sister had
written the "Doctor Doolittle"
books, she would have called
him "Doctor Domore."
BERRY'S WORLD
Fr3 J
"As your employer, Jenkins, I don't object to
lUtU intuit moouiiibtinstut TH1SI-
fied personnel to train India's
air force to master the use of
this highly sophisticated equip
ment. All this in addition to tlie mas
sive economic and military aid
the U.S. gave (and is giving)
to India even while Krishna Men
on backed Russia and Red China
in the United Nations.
Thus, while Nehru has no res
ervations about accepting U.S.
military aid, he fears that his
neutrality might be questioned if
he permits the Voice of America
to broadcast the message of free
dom and democracy from In
dian soil.
The (act is that India, having
been confronted with Red China's
aggression, now views with even
greater alarm than the U.S. the
threat of Mao Tse-tung's expan
sionism. For years Nehru turned a deaf
car lo the American "imperial
ists" who warned him about
Red treachery. Now, ironically,
it is India's "neutralist" Prime
Minister who is warning Washing
ton about Mao's ambitions and
how the West's interests coincide
with India's.
However, in the view of Asian
diplomats, there is much more lo
Nehru's new policy than simple
self-defense. Pakistan, India's
uneasy neighbor, is particularly
disturbed about the massive mil
itary aid the U.S. is giving India.
Pakistan is a staunch ally of
the West through the Southeast
Asian Treaty Organization
iSEATOi which Nehru never
joined. Pakistan's President Ayub
Khan even warned recently that
this one-way buildup of Nehru's
armed forces' might force the
weaker nations of Asia to look
to Red China for protection.
But Ayub's warning seems to
have cut little ice with President
Kennedy's liberal advisers. Like
Chester Bowles, the U.S. ambas
sador to India, they are convinced
thai Nehru is also a great lib
eral "a major force for peace"
and can therefore do no w rong.
India's Prime Minister, in turn,
is quoted as having said that
U.S. officials, "particularly Pres
ident Kennedy." fully understood
and sympathized with India's so
called nonalignmcnt.
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON' (NEA) Oppo
sition lo U.S. Senate ratification
of the nuclear test ban treaty
with Britain and Russia is expect
ed to be bitter and prolonged.
Hearings before tlie Senate For
eign Relations Committee which
has legislative jurisdiction over
ratification, the Senate Prepared
ness subcommittee and Uie Joint
Atomic Energy Commiltee may
run a month or more.
After that will come several
weeks of debate in the Senate.
Ratification may not come belore
October.
The Kennedy administration,
from the President on down, be
lieves lliere will be no great prob
lem in getting ratification by tlie
required two-thirds of the Senate.
But the aim is to get approval
by 80 or 90 senators lo show live
world that the country is over
whelmingly in support of the
treaty.
Key witnesses probably will be
the Joint Chiefs of Staff and top
atomic scientists who have played
major roles in developing t h e
American nuclear weapons arse
nal. They are not expected to be
unanimous in their opinion. De
fense Secretary Robert S. Mc
Namara and Gen. Maxwell D.
Taylor, chairman of the Joint
Chiefs, are likely to support the
administration's point of view.
Army, Navy and Air Force
chiefs may express dissent as
they have in the past.
A majority of the atomic scien
tists are known to feel there is
more danger to humanity from
the fallout of continued atmos
pheric testing than there is risk
in even an imperfect test ban
treaty.
One notable exception to this
view is Dr. Edward Teller, gen
erally regarded as father of the
hydrogen bomb development. He
has writlcn a letter to every
member of Congress saying that
under the proposed lest ban:
WASHINGTON REPORT . .
Test Ban Treaty
Could Be Shocker
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
On a bitter cold December night
this winter, hordes of Red Chi
nese and North Korean troops
may pour across the 38th paral
lel. Soldiers of the South Korean
and U.S. Armies, greatly outnum
bered, will retreat down the pen
insula, as they did once before,
13 years ago.
In all-night sessions at Uie Pent
agon, the Joint Chiefs may decide
il is necessary to use tactical nu
clear weapons to hall the onrush
ing marauders. Then the shocker.
From the State Department
may come word the military must
wait 90 days before nuclear wea
pons can be used. The reason: A
partial test ban ratified earlier
by the U.S. Senate.
Preposterous? Not at all, ac
cording to legal experts who have
studied carefully the treaty
brought back from Moscow by
Averell Harriman. That document
outlaws not only nuclear tests but
"any other nuclear explosions."
as well. The only exceptions are
underground explosions that re
lease no fall-out.
The Moscow treaty, now under
Senate study, provides any signa
tor must give three months ad
vance notice belore it can with
draw and test or use nuclear wea
pons. There are other loopholes. Sup
pose the Soviet Union violates the
treaty by embarking upon a full
scale test program without giving
three months advance notice. Le
gal experts say the United States
must still wait three months be
fore it can test. Otherwise the
United Stales would be violating
the treaty, which remains in ef
fect, and is. (he Constitution
says. "Uie supreme law of the
land."
The treaty may be abrogated,
but this can be a lengthy and
arduous task, requiring action by
both Houses of Congress. Says
Thomas J. Norton, in his defini
tive work, the "Constitution of the
United States: Its Sources and
lis Application"; "Once a treaty
is made, it requires both branch
es of Congress to abrogate it;
that is, the President and the Sen
ate cannot undo their work."
Note: Minnesota Sen. Hubert
Humphrey, never known as much
of an economizer, used several
thousand dollars of tlie taxpay
ers dough the other day when he
inserted in the Congressional Rec
ord 37 pages of editorial com
ment favoring the test ban.
Cost to the taxpayers at $81 a
page: $3,2.y.
A New York Congressman,
shocked to ieam Uncle Sam is
taking back still another Korean
"We could not control Russian
atmospheric tests if these tests
stay well below one kiloton uht
equivalent of 1,000 tons of TN'Ti.
Use of clean explosives may per
mit even bigger Russian experi
mentation. Such small tests could
be decisive in developing missilt
defense, a field of utmost im
portance in which the Russians
may already have a considerable
lead.
"There is little doubt that the
Russians are ahead of us in big
nuclear explosions," adds Teller.
"A ban on atmospheric tests
would perpetuate this situation.
"Only after the Russian tests
and boasts of 1961 did we be
come fully aware of the fact
that in these fields we are at a
disadvantage and that the dis
advantage could become fatal,"
concludes Teller. "We may now
he involved in another move
which will make tlie disadvant
age permanent and which in the
field of missile defense may give
added opportunity to the Rus
sians." A principal critic of the lest
ban treaty in Congress and an
advocate of Teller's views is Rep.
Craig Hosmer, R-Calif. He is a
wartime naval officer, later an
Atomic Energy Commission at
torney, now a Joint Atomic En
ergy Committee member.
Last May Rep., Hosmer pn
posed a test ban treaty of his
own which would have allowed
each side about a dozen fallout
free underground tests annually.
The treaty which Undersecre
tary of State Averell Harriman
negotiated at Moscow goes far
beyond what Hosmer proposed.
It allows not just 12. but unlimited
underground testing by the United
States, Britain and Russia.
Production of nuclear materials
is not stopped. Stockpiling of nu
clear weapons is not stopped. The
United States may resume at
mospheric, underwater and out
erspace testing at any time na
tional security is threatened. Fin
ally, the U.S. is given veto power
over treaty amendments.
War turncoal, has introduced re
medial legislation. Republican
Paul Fino has proposed automat
ic forfeiture of the citizenship of
turncoats like Lowell D. Skinner,
who returned last week.
"It is disgraceful," says Fino,
"lo think that Korean War
turncoats who thought more of the
enemy than the United States,
should be permitted and allowed
to return to this country and con
tinue to enjoy all of the benelits
and privileges of American citi
zenship. "A dishonorable discharge, in
my opinion, is not sufficient
punishment for these turncoats.
Only forfeiture of citizenship
would adequately take care of
these characters who preferred
Communist China to the freedom
of our country."
Skinner has sold his story to a
TV network. In addition, he will
receive $1,700 in Army back pay.
Arab nomads will soon be smok
ing American cigarettes, courtesy
of the U.S. Food for Peace pro
gram. From Aug. 13 to Dec. 31,
American ships will carry 1.000 1
metric tons of domesUc leaf to
bacco and assorted tobacco prod
ucts to Cairo. Cost to taxpayers:
$1.6 million.
Almanac
By United Press International
Todiy is Monday. Aug. 19, the
231st day of 1963 with 134 to fol
low. The moon is at its new phase.
Tlie morning stars are Jupiter
and Saturn.
The evening stars are Mars
and Saturn.
Those born today include elder
statesman Bernard Baruch, in
1870.
On this day in history:
In 1915. two Americans were
killed when a German U-boat
torpedoed the British liner Ara
bic. In 1934. Germany voted that
Adolf Hitler would be the offi
cial successor to President Von
Hindenburg.
In 1953, the worst flood in
northeastern United Slates killed
2no persons and destroyed or
damaged ?o nno home.s.
In I960, U-l pilot Francis Pow
ers was convicted of espionage
in Uie Soviet Union.
A thought fix- the day Ameri
can author Anne Morrow Lind
bergh said: "One can never pay
in gratitude: or can only pay
'in kind' somewhere else in lite."
"V
hi'' 'H' i