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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (July 23, 1963)
PAGE A HERALD AND NEWS. Klamath FiUli. Ore. Tuesday. July 23. 1963 EDSON IN WASHINGTON Addition to the Gallery of "War Mongers' Africa Federation Hoped By Nuyerere With The late Samuel Gompers is generally re ferred to as the father of the organized labor movement in this country, and he fought to the last ditch for what he thought the unions had coming. He once had something to say about the Welfare State, though he didn't use that comparatively new phrase. In his view, "Doing for people what they can and ought to do for themselves is a dangerous ex periment. In the last analysis, the welfare of the workers depends upon their own initiative. Whatever is done under the guise of philan thropy or social morality which in any way les sens initiative (is) the greatest crime that can be committed against the toilers. Let social busybodies and professional 'public morals ex perts' in their fads reflect upon the perils . Every administration for a number of years has "nudged the businessman a little harder" remarked a man who started small and hss grown big. Today, said Dillard Mun ford, who holds a chain of do-it-yourself stores, the free enterprise system is being under mined and sapped of its strength by "federal paternalism." It is coming from a federal bureaucracy "grown too big." It is strange, said he, how everyone seems to understand the dire consequences of business failure, but the term profit is re garded with suspicion and in spite of past ec onomic successes the system is under attack. The businessman, and the business com munity, he says, must come to life and become defensive. The time has arrived for the busi ness world to "speak up for the way of life from which it has prospered." This vogue of looking upon the business man as an enemy because he's in business to make a profit started just prior to World War II when It became the practice to bring into HOLMES Uongressiona - ft By HOLMES ALEXANDER On Uie theory that trial by jury is the purest expression of a de mocracy in action, H. 1. Men cken used to say that legislative bodies ought to be empanelled by the sheriff, paid no more than a subsistence fee and discharged as eobn as they finished their work. ; Willi the summer growing long er and tli Capitol Hill paralysis more rigid, tho idea of a jury type Congress seems much more than lite facetious inspiration of a spoofing philosopher. Nobody has actually proposed it thus far, be cause Congressmen aren't apt to vote themselves out of jobs. Nev ertheless, a spirit of discontent with existing institutions is in the air. Led by Joe Clark, who, in his way, is as iconoclastic as Menck en ever was, a posse of 30 sen ators last month descended upon Uicir body's Rules Committee with demands for a radical re organization of the American Con gress. John Pastorc, a rapid but generally cogent talker, entered aooUier resolution with 31 co sponsors to outlaw discursiveness in Uie Senate and to enthrone germaneness in debate. Frank Church, with four colleagues, asked for a resolution to allow commlllecs to meet without unanimous consent while Uie Ken ate Is in session. Claiborne Pell and three oUicrs want to make ex Presidents non-elective members of the Senate These proposed changes sug gest surface aspects of the Mencken plan, Uiough not its central virtue. For example, one victim of tlic Clark reorganisa tion would be Uie committee struc ture, w hich is now based on sen iority and to some extent on a Senator's popularity with h i s mates. Paslorc's plan to muzzle talkative colleagues, Church's to save time by having committees and Uw main body meet simul taneously, I'ell's to include ex Presidents Uiese all have ele ments of Uie Jury system. A jury is too new to have seniority, and too busy to talk too much. It moves briskly. Its members are non-elective, an element which Uie presence of ex-PresidcnU would introduce. A Chary Hand they rashly invite under this pretense of social welfare." The complexities inevitably accompany ing scientific, social and economic change have necessarily altered the attitudes that govern ment and labor bring to bear on controversial problems. These problems are tough economi cally and politically, involving wages, working conditions, protections against adversity, the shifting employment situation, tax policy, and the like. But this is no excuse for the "let the government fix it" attitude that has sorely in fected so many of us. We must give power to government with a chary and reluctant hand, and only when the need is inescapable. Otherwise we'll cre ate a Welfare State whose proper synonym is "dictatorship." Federal Paternalism government those fellows who become known as "braintrusters." Idealists, they were well educated fellows who meant well, but unfor tunately, derived their education and theories from textbooks in schools made possible by the funds from the commercial world, the very thing they attacked. Business is hamstrung with government regulations, high taxes and a steady stream of innuendoes that the executive who makes it possible for an employe to earn a salary and pay taxes to support the anti-business theo rists, is some sort of an outcast. Mr. Munford is speaking out against this sort of thing. "We can no longer afford to sit around and be against something. Steps must be taken to deter the spread of 'sial ism,' " he said. It's time to let members of Congress know the businessman has had enough. Wash ington knows, in spite of the nasty things said about business, that it is the commercial world that makes the tax wheels go round and round. ALEXANDER . But enactment of these reforms would not blast the blockade of unfinished business that now con fronts both Houses of Congress. As long as members have a pro prietary interest in holding pub lic office, with all the honor, ex citement and financial security that it entails for most of them, they are not going to move at their problems with objectivity and dispatch. A national budget in the mag nitude of $100 billion contains doz ens of items in Defense and Space, Veterans privileges and State sub sidies for agriculture, shipping, area redevelopment and public works, which cannot fail to in terest Uie politician who wants to win reelection. The same is true of tlie great philosophic ques tions, such as Civil Rights. Sen ators and Representatives on com mittees now hearing the Civil Rights bills can almost be seen lo be counting the white and .Ne gro votes, and (lie business or La 'SlSS1 II jDMtftR I II feiMF I II Ref orm bor support, which they stand to gain or lose. Congress is deadlocked because Uie sheer size of the take-home benefits is paralyzing and daz zling. Not every member, .of course, is self-motivated. There are unselfish heroes in the strife, and they get the most frequent hurrah of this column. But the ma jority of the 635 members of the twth Congress think at least twice land that's what takes the time) before they act on purely public motives. But it strikes me almost every summer, not entirely because of reverence tu Mencken's memo ry, that there is a lot of merit in his scheme for choosing Congres sional members as if they were jurors. Men and women invol untarily taken from Uieir homes, planted in Washington, paid no more than board-and-keep, dis charged upon completion of their duties, would button up this work and get it out of hero in a jiffy. IN WASHINGTON . . . The By RALPH de TOLEDANO In all the commotion about civil rights, very little is said about the use of the lie detector an instrument which puts you at the mercy of an "interpretation" of physical changes in your body when under questioning. The lie detector is so clearly in violation of the Bill of Rights that little is said about it. Yet the Central Intelligence Agency employs it on a mass basis. So do other gov ernment bodies. And business is becoming increasingly dependent on it. Yet it can be stated flatly that the lie detector (or more ac curately, the polygraph) is, from the viewpoint of scientific crime ' dctecUon, nearly useless. No in strument which can be wrong at least one-third of Uie time can be trusted by those who take law and order seriously. FBI director J. Edgar Hoover has warned against reliance on the polygraph and derided the idea that it is anywhere near infallible. Police chiefs admit that its main value is psychological. That is, it often frightens criminals into making confessions. So strong has the evidence against the polygraph become that Science Digest entitles a carefully researched article in its August issue "The Great Lie-De-tector Hoax." The significance of the article can be gauged by the fact that a deputy secretary of defense, two service secretaries, By SYDNEY J. HARRIS Because the word for "myself" is a single letter in English, it is capitalized as "I." And because it is tall and thin and stands alone, it presents a psychological trail to Uie author who writes about himself. This is not Uie ca.se in other languages the French "je," the German "ich." the Italian "io." and almost all others do not cap italize and isolate the subjective ego. It is a pure accident in the English tongue. Thus, writing about oneself in English tends to arouse some ir ritation if Uie pace is spattered with the obvious "1." It is so self a.vscrtivc. it leaps out of the sen tence, it almost strikes Uie read er physically with its unique pres ence. Recause of this peculiarity, some writers with an overpow ering sense of modesty have used the impersonal pronoun, "one.'' But Uiis is weak, and sounds al most prissy in our time. It is not a man speaking, not a personali ty, but an attitude: who can ini iiRine saying "One loves you," or "One would willingly die for one's country?" Tlie abrasive quality of Uie first person singular in English was remarked by Charles Horton Cool ry a generation ago, when he ob served: "Tlie chief objection to the fre quent use of T s that it is always Lie - Detector Hoax and two other high Pentagon of ficials were requested to take a polygraph test recently over the question of some leaked informa tion. Only the protests of the press put a stop to this. In discussing the topic, Bruce H. Frisch notes that not only FBI chief Hoover but Pope Pius XII objected to the polygraph. In West Germany, use of the instrument is not allowed and "in Britain, police have little interest or con fidence in the machine." In the United States, some good results have been obtained by Uie "few good examiners." But Science Di gest quotes an expert as saying that of Uie 400 polygraph practi tioners today "80 per cent are either incompetent or outright frauds." The polygraph is based, as I said, on bodily changes which oc cur when feelings of guilt exist. But frequently, in the complex motivations of human beings, a question about the offense being investigated may trigger a reac tion because of guilt feelings held by the subject concerning other matters of no ' serious import. There are people, in fact, who react badly on the polygraph to questions about theft because at the age of 12 they look 25 cents from their moUier's purse and have had that "guilt" lodged in their sub - conscious ever since. Guilt, moreover, is not the only emotion that brings about the body changes recorded by the STRICTLY. PERSONAL a vivid note, somewhat perturb ing because it awakens a self in the reader, harsh if it fails to be harmonious. There is some thing contentious about in Uie sense of self; it is born of oppo sition; and when a man writes T emphatically,- he puts a chip on our shoulder, he starts a quar rel with us, unless he makes us feel at the same time that we are on his side." Goethe, for example, w rote free ly in the first person, yet even though he had a well-developed ego. his work docs not sound self contered in the German; if trans lated into English, his personal works I not, of course, poems like "Faust "i would disconcert us with "I" sticking up in every paragraph to remind us of his singularity. The English mistrust of ego tism, even when it is genial and harmless, is regarded as amus ing and rather pompous by peo ple of other nationalities. The wcll-bi-ed Englishman does not lor did noti speak about him self; yet only in his language is the "I" given such orthograph ic prominence. In German, Uie writer capital izes "you" ("Sic ", and in Span ish he does Uie same ("I'sted ", while the pronoun referring to himself is in Uie discreet lower case. English is a slreng and supple language-but hardly a courteous or modest one. polygraph. Anger will make the same marks on the chart, and so will imperceptible physical move ment or muscular discomfort. For a polygraph reading to ap proach any degree of accuracy, the examiner must not only know how to question a suspect but must have a substantial knowledge of his past history. This then ceases to be a cut-and-dried reading of a chart. It is an "interpretation," and as Mr. Hoo ver says, "whenever the human element enters into an interpreta tion of anything, there is always variance." The American Psychi atric Association warns that a polygraph chart alone is useless and must be part of a mass of . other psychological and sociologi cal "evidence." Yet a man accused of a crime is frequently put under tremen dous pressure to take a lie-detector test and if he refuses, this is us ually considered an admission of guilt. There are people who are nervous or tense and whose reac tions, even to innocuous questions, can "show" guilt on the chart. Science Digest is justifiably con cerned because many people are unaware that they cannot be com pelled to submit to lie decteclor tests. It also stresses that "gov ernment and business use the lie detector for security checks, pre employment screening, to investi gate specific losses, and for mass periodic fishing expeditions, which they hope will put the fear of discovery into their dishonest em ployes." This is certainly viola tive of due process, particularly when it leads to the loss of jobs. I know of a case in which a woman was sent to the death house and now serves a life term because of a polygraph test 'which properly interpreted would have shown that she was lying to cover up for her lover. He sailed through the test with flying colors and remains free. What's the moral? Think twice before you urge your state legislature to make polygraph evidence admis sible in court. Al manac By I'nitcd Press International Today is Tuesday, July 23, the 2Wth day of 1983 with 161 to follow. The moon is approaching its first quarter. The morning stars are Jupiter and Saturn. The evening star is Mars. On this day in history: In 1886, New York saloon keep er Steve Brodie claimed he had jumped off the Brooklyn Bridge into the East River. In 1W5, Henry Phillippe Pe train, former French Chief of State, went on trial for treason in Paris. In 1047, President Harry S. Tru man made an unexpected visit to the Senate and sat in Uie scat he had occupied as a senator. in i9tl, a U.S. plane with 38 persons aboard was hijacked to Cuba. A thought for the day Presi dent Franklin D. Roosevelt said: "Tlie truth is found when men are free to pursue It." By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Ann. WASHINGTON (NEA) Influ ence of Uie U.S. Constitution and Uie power of the U.S. Declara tion of Independence in the new nations of Uie world are litUe ap preciated. Eloquent testimony on Uiis point has just been given by Tangan yika's President Julius K. Nu yerere. "We have taken our stand on what is one of Uie most inspir ing documents of all time Uie preamble to the American Con stitution," he declared on his ar rival here for a visit to Uie U.S. "It says, 'All men are created equal and are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights. . . .' " Actually, Uiis is a paraphrase from the Declaration of Independ ence, but Uie man made his point. The president's short talk was principally a defense of the new Organization of African Unity dec laration against racial policies of South Africa. So it was natural that Uie first quesUon asked him was what United States policy should be toward that country. He ducked, claiming an an swer would be interference in American foreign affairs. But in reference to his remarks on the U.S. Constitution he proposed that, "The United States should sup port freedom movements wherev er they are found." He is a surprising litUe man. Forty years old, he is descended from tribal chiefs. But he was educated in a Catholic college in Uganda, did graduate work in economics and political science at University of Edinburg. He gave up teaching for politics only a few years ago and received an honorary LL.D. from Du quesne University in Pittsburgh when he was here as Tanganyika's foreign minister two years ago. He speaks precise English with a clipped British accent acquired when Tanganyika was a crown colony. He has a ready smile and a little Charlie Chaplin mus WASHINGTON Youth LLa PL U.S. Commie Party By FULTON LEWIS JR. Under consideration in ruling circles of the Communist Party, U.S.A., is a proposal that party membership be extended lo youngsters under 18 years of age. It is only one plank in a pro posed program designed to pump new blood into the party, accord ing to J. Edgar Hoover, director of the Federal Bureau of Inves tigation. "The party's aggressiveness in the youth area is so great," Hoo ver recently told Congressmen, "that it is now considering for membership individuals who meet only some of the qualifications heretofore required." Prior exposure to Marxist-Leninist teachings, for instance, is no longer required. All that is need ed is an "interest" in the party. Communist speakers have fanned out across the country, ad dressing youth groups and stu dent claques in an attempt to recruit new members and to make Communism "respectable." There have been few efforts to combat the massive invasion of U.S. schools by Communist ora tors. Only in Ohio has Uie state legislature acted to ban Commu nist speakers from state - sup ported schools. Such a bill was signed hy Gov. James Rhodes last week. G-man Hoover insists the Com munist danger has not ebbed. He quotes party boss Gus Hall to the effect that 10,000 Americans are official members of the Commu nist Parly while another 100.000 are "state-of-mind" members de scribed as persons sympathetic to the party line and objectives. He says: "T h e Communist Party, U.S.A., wields an influence and constitutes a security danger far out of proportion lo its mem bership. It is organized to pene trate with its ideas and tactics almost every segment of our so ciety. The party need not be nor does it want to be a large mass organization. It prefers to remain small developing mass strength through front organizations it con trols and directs in its own in terest" Under Hoover's direction, the FBI now has under investigation snme 1H5 known or suspected Communist-front or Communist infiltrated organizations. Some of these groups are Com munist . created. In many in stances, however, the party urges its members to join and inlil trate legitimate nonsubversive or ganizations and gain control. Communists infiltrated Uie New York branch of the Commit tee for a Sane Nuclear Policy, gaining considerable influence he- tache that is deceptive. He has a quick wit and is representa tive of Uie new breed of African leaders at Uieir best. In a question-and-answer ses sion after his talk at Uie Na tional Press Club, Nuyerere was asked, "If Uie United States States solves its own racial prob lems, will its position be more acceptable in the cold war?" "Morality is morality," he re plied quickly. "The framers of the American Declaration of In dependence did not have Uie cold war in mind. I hope your color problem here is looked at from Uie moral standpoint and not from Uie viewpoint of the cold war. "We would like to see a United States of Africa," he said in reply to another question. "You can't think of 'federation' without think ing of Uie United States of Amer ica." Nuyerere Uiinks he w ill see Uiis federation in his lifetime. He sees nothing to prevent it. Who would head such a feder ation? "We do not know," he says, "but the hopes of some will not be fulfilled." Since Israel is now giving tech nical assistance to Tanganyika, Nuyerere was asked if Uiis un dermined the idea of African uni ty? "Some of our friends are not our friends," he replied crypti cally, "but we do not allow even our friends to pick our enemies for us." These last two replies were tak en by some reporters to be veiled references lo President Gamal Ab del Nasser of United Arab Re public and other ambitious Afri can leaders. If an East African Federation were to come into being, Nuyer ere was asked if he would be will ing to play second string to Jomo Kenyata, the 73-year-old Mau Mau leader recently sworn in as prime minister when Ken ya received internal self-government from the British. "After what I have been say ing," said the president wiUi a shy smile, "shouldn't the answer be 'yes'?" REPORT Objective Of fore they were exposed by a Sen ate subcommittee. The nation al organization then purged the New York chapter of all known Reds. Communist party members have joined Women Strike for Peace in droves. They have tried to infiltrate organizations work ing for civil rights, such as the NAACP and Southern Christian Leadership Conference. FBI agents keep a close eye on the 761 Soviet-bloc "diplomats" stationed in this country and their 1.066 dependents, many of whom, Hoover says, are known to be intelligence agents. During fiscal 1962. Hoover told a subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropriations that Soviet officials made 14 intelli gence collection and reconnais sance trips throughout the United States. They visited areas of stra- tegic importance and closely stud ied industrial facilities and mili tary installations collecting avail able maps, charts, photographs, and other detailed data of intelli gence interest. During that same period, 93 Communist officials attended 65 technical, scientific and military conferences in various parts of the country. They collected mass es of available information and established initial contact with persons having potential for fu ture intelligence recruitment. Notwithstanding State Depart ment restrictions on acquisition by Soviet citizens of aerial photo graphs, maps, and charts of a scale four miles to the inch or larger and detailed development plans of industrial cities, Soviet officials have continued to obtain such material wherever possible by means of trickery, deceit and false representation. Director Hoover disclosed that a Soviet national employed by the UN secretariat had for two years posed as a student and purchased more than 200 maps from a New York concern. The maps covered the entire country at a scale of four miles lo an inch. Other charts at tlie same scale covered Canada, Formosa and the Antarctic regions. THEY SAY... ' We must have ministers on Uie ski slopes of the Rockies, the swimming pools of Miami Beach, the "Strip" at Us Vegas and wherever Americans gather. Re. D. Truman B. Douglass of lulled OhtnTh of ChrM.
