Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (June 27, 1963)
PAGE t-A , dtioiutL (paqsL Migratory Worker Problem - Sweeping changes in American migratory farm labor practices are expected to follow the wind-up on Dec. 31, 1963, of the "bracero" program under which Mexican workers have been brought to the U.S. as harvest hands. There may be some effort to revive this plan and extend it another year, as the Ken nedy administration has requested. But the House vote to kill Public Law 78, under which the program was administered by the U.S. Employment Service, is expected to be ap proved by the Senate. This would end 10 years of supervised recruitment which replaced the old practice of hiring "wetbacks" who crossed the river il legally to seek jobs. ; , Import of Mexican contract labor reached a-peak of 437,000 workers in 1959. It has dropped steadily since then to 195,000 last year. A further cut is expected this year. There will still be a need for almost 500,000 seasonal workers to take off Ameri ca's crops of grains, fruits and vegetables. But automation on farms has shortened the harvest season. Farm labor that used to find 250 days work a year now averages only 100 to 120, not enough to live on. There is no manpower shortage here at liome, but there is a recruiting problem. An nually for the last '10 years about 200,000 people have been leaving farms for the cities. Still there is high rural as well as urban un employment. If migrant workers have to be recruited in the southeastern United States for work as far west as Oregon and California, trans portation costs will be high. For Mexican labor, each worker recruit ed was given $15 to pay his transport costs to; employment centers on the U.S. border. Employers had to provide transportation from there. r-; There will be a new farm wage problem. Minimum pay for Mexican labor has ranged from 60 cents an hour in Arkansas to $1 an hour in California and Michigan. One gripe against the system is that American workers IN WASHINGTON . . . By RALPH de TOI.KDANO Unless President Kennedy or ders the U.S. Navy to declare open war on the Cuban exiles, hit-and-run raids on Castroland will begin lo mount in number And Intensity. There is no way to pre vent it nor should any attempt be made to do so. The Cuban Student Directorate and Commandos "L" to name the two most effective groups-do not Intend to let U.S. domestic politics and Mr. Ken nedy's Hamlct-like Indecisions re strain them. But these raids underscore the need or some kind of unified ac tion and some coalition of Cubans that can focus tlie efforts of all as they move to the overthrow ol Castro's Communist cohorts. They aim give true pertinence to a sug gestion made on the Senate floor hy- Senator Gordon Allott (R. Cplo.) who was speaking for an important group of Republican colleagues. Senator Allott's speech received the treatment. That Is to say. most of the Washington press corps Ignored it. Of the three pa pers here, only one mentioned it and then yanked the story from later editions. The wire services, Ip their credit, carried it. Perhaps Mr. Allott's trouble was QUESTIONS -. AND ANSWERS Q Where did the Strait of Durdnnolkt get Its name? A The word Dardanelles comes from the ancient Greek city of Dnrdanus, on Asia's side of the strait. The ancient Greeks called this strait Uie Hellespont. Q What is the meaning of the word "gospodin"? A It Is a Russian title of respect, equivalent to Mr, or Sir. " Q Who established tlie Or der of the Purple Heart? ."A George Washington la 17112. VQ What national park is con jidcred the greatest geyser re gion In the world? A Yellowstone. Q What is a "corduroy road"? A One made by laying logs across a path, usually through marsh. This results In a road way ribbed somen Ut like corduroy. HKHALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon A Cuban Action that he offered a new Idea and this is often so startling to Wash ington that tlie shining hour pass es and the world has moved on to other news. For what ho pro posed was the creation of a gov-crnmcnt-in-exile, backed by the U.S., but one with a real differ ence. "We will help this government establish Itself on Cuban soil, at our Gunntanamo base," Senator Allott said, "and at the earliest appropriate moment accord it full recognition as tlie legal instru ment of Cuban sovereignty . . . W'c will offer the use of Gunntana mo while retaining our full treaty rights and our perpetual lease hold. And thus we utterly reject the notion of oflering this key base as a pawn in some future negotiations . . . "We will, at the same lime, continue the policy of training Free Cubans in our own armed forces. These men, in Increasing numbers, will provide a reservoir of military skills upon which the Provisional government may wish to draw as it charts its own course toward ultimate libera tion , . . "I am suggesting that we thus challenge all Cuban patriots to unite in the name of liberation. And toward tlie accomplishment of this goal, we must pledge our unequivocal purpose and the reso lute use of our power." These aie stirring words ex pressing an important lik'a. A gov-ernment-ln-cxile operating on Cu ban soil in tlie privileged sanctu ary of Guantanamo would set Cuba aflame. Tlie guerrilla light ers would know for the first lime since the Bay of Pigs fiasco that the United States was on their side. The militia which holds the Cuban people in slavery would be gin lo disintegrate. Defections would rise. The forces in the Fs cambiny would grow and with popular supiHirt show more dar ing. It is conceivahle that tlie Cas tro regime would fall without any massive uprising just as the Ba tista regime collapsed when the State Department let it be known that it was withdrawing its sup port and barking the handful ol Castro guerrillas. Cubans recent ly arrived from Castro's satrapy are unanimous In their belief that U.S. failure to give support lo the guerrillas is Communism's strong est weaHin against revolt. In short, the effect of sotting up Thursday, June J7, 1963 haven't been able to get even these guaranteed contract rates. The complaint of big farm operators is that they can't find enough domestic labor for even these prices. With no competing Mexi can labor supply, pay scales for domestic farm labor may have to be raised, increasing farm costs. If there is a return to the old wetback practices, a new burden will be thrown on the Immigration Service Border Patrol. Shutting off the legal Mexican farm la bor supply is expected to bring pressure for import of more contract labor from British West Indies. About 12,000 came from B.W.I, last year, mostly for Florida. But transpor tation costs to the southwest probably would be too high to use this labor force. Most of the U.S. east coast migrant farm labor, which is native American, begins its year's work in Florida and moves north as the season advances. There are about 200,000 workers in this force, organized in crews scheduled for work in each area all the way to New England. For many years past, working and living conditions of migrant workers have been the subject of much investigation and criticism. One of the principal reforms proposed has been to give American migrants the same protection given to Mexican farm labor in the U.S. One principal benefit of killing the Mexi can bracero program in the House has been to speed passage of a series of six bills pro posed by Senator Harrison A. Williams, D N.J. to improve migrant labor conditions. As now passed by the Senate and sent to the House for action, the Williams bills will pro vide federal aid to the states to educate mi grant workers' children, operate day care cen ters for them and regulate labor of all farm children from 12 to 18 years old. Crew lead ers will be registered and a National Advisory Council on Migratory Labor will be established. Proposa a Free Cuban government in Guantanamo would be both prac tical and psychological. Tlie gov ernment could lead operations and broadcast directly to its peo ple, as Cubans on Cuban soil. Troops trained at the Guantana mo bases could infiltrate Castro's lines without the dangers and lo gistic difficulties of seaborn opera tions. But more important, this Free Cuban government would be a symbol of resistance. The danger to the United States, moreover, would lie minimal, (iuantanamo is an American base. Should Khrushchev seek to pre vent its use, he would be in viola tion of international law the ag gressor. At the United Nations, he could have no possible cumplaints or make propagandists hay. Senator Allott's proposal is an imaginative and bold one. The press ignored him. but perhaps the President heard. If he didn't you might drop him a note and let him know. Al manac By United lrcss International Today Is Thursday, June 37. the ITKth day of 13 with 1B7 to follow. The moon is approaching its first quarter. The morning stars arc Venus. Jupiter and Saturn. Tlie evening star is Mars. Those born today include Helen Keller, in 1880 at Tusctimbia. Ala On this day in history: In I8V1. a mob murdered Mor mon leader Joseph Smith and Hrigham Young became head of the Mormon Church. In lffivi, a major economic de pression began as prices on the New York Slock Exchange col lapsed. In 1, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was renominated for a second term in ollice by the Democratic convention in Phila delphia. In IS.V1. President Harry Tru man ordered tlie U.S. Navy and Air Force lo help repel tlie Com munist invasion of South Korea. A thought for the day Ameri can philosopher, Kalph Waldo Emerson, said: "Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm." Ay jpst , sss V7 'N v OA: N EDSON Test By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON (NEAI No high official in Washington is kid ding himself that the forthcom ing American-British Russian talks on a nuclear test ban will result in agreement and a treaty. Some administration sources put Undersecretary of State Avcrcll Harriman's chances of success in Moscow at no better than one in 20. This is perhaps the best an swer to congressional and other critics who think that the con ference announced in President Kennedy's June 10 speech on a new strategy for peace is an am bush and a waste of lime. The rationalization for it U that any president would want to be sure tliat he had done everything he could to avoid a world-wide nu clear disaster. If the talks prove fruitless as expected, Russia gets the blame. What could follow would be of considerable advantage lo the United States in one way, of con siderable damage to both the Communists and the free worlds in another. By SYDNEY J. HARRIS Pure Personal Prejudices: Noth ing is easier than to be proudly humble, passionately chaste, and dogmatically skeptical: when one pursues a virluc to its extreme. It becomes at last a contradic tion in terms. What is Important In history Is not so much "what hap pened," hut what people made of It, how they llmughl about it and used It, for noble or per verted reasons of their nun: and any history that is not In trrlarded with some social psy chology Is nearly useless for study. Family structure hasn t changed much in tlie generations since Chekhov remarked so trenchant ly: "When children appear, we justify all weaknesses, compro mises, snobberies, by saying: 'It s for the children's sake.' " Nothing is more fatal to reform movements than succeeding: It is the destiny of reform always to lie the party of opposition, for a soon as it sweeps into power it begins to be overthrown by suc cumbing to the same vices and delects it so successfully in veighed against. Barbarous societies punish their satirist by imprisoning, exiling or killing them: but civilised socie ties, approaching decadence, pun ish llieir ijilirists much more el fevtively by laughing, lazily agreeing, and simply ignoring the truth behind tlie shafts. The most dangerous man Is not the bad man: It Is the one with jusl enough good In him to appeal lo our sense of Justice, and Just enough evil to appeal to our Instinct for revenge. 1 SHELTER 1 V ?MEfW . , IN WASHINGTON Ban Pact Another demonstration by the Russians that they do not want a test ban should make all the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance countries realize exactly what they arc up against. It should unite them as tbey have not been t uniled before. Russian rejection of a- test ban should also make it easier to bring into being the NATO Multilateral Force MLF of submarines and surface ships armed with Polaris missiles. The bad part of such a de velopment is that it might bring on an all-out arms race between East and West. The MLF alone would cost the U.S. an estimated $15 billion. It would mean $100 billion U.S. defense budgets with in a few years. The question is whether or not a 'test ban would be preferable. If a test ban agreement should come through as a long shot, there is no intention that the United States would relax on what is now believed to be its vast nuclear su)eriority. Plans for future testing would go right ahead. Development of antimis sile missiles and anti-antimissile missiles would go ahead. va! 1 i STRICTLY PERSONAL Once the dancer has leaped higher than ever belore: we quick ly become discontented with such leaps, and demand that they be ever higher and higher: thus audi ences inevitably bribe and black mail art into acrobatics, trickery, showiness and a competition for setting meaningless records. To a shrewd observer, what a man displays in the breast pocket of his coat jacket is usually as good an index of his taste and temperament as anything wheth er pen and pencils are clipped on. or whether a square handkerchief with monograms is peeping out. or simply a pair of glasses, can tell us volumes about a man's pri vate image of himself. BERRY'S WORLD t fir: 1 K5 Doubtful Then if the Russians broke the test ban treaty, tlie United States would be prepared to resume testing immediately. It would not be forced to lose six months . as it did before when Khrushchev broke the Eisenhower moratori um on bomb testing. In spite of U.S. nuclear weap ons superiority which is not to be confused with a missile gap in delivery systems there is no assurance that American scien tists would be first to develop new superweapons that come al ter the H-bomb. In tlie potential for prolifer ation of nuclear weapons develop ment in the next 10 to 20 years by Red China, France, Germany, Italy, Sweeden, India, Japan or others that have the know-how, some obscure scientist may make the breakthrough. This is a de velopment the United States musl be prepared to match. The key Issue on test ban ne gotiations now is inspection of un identified explosions. Chairman Khrushchev doesn't want any for eign inspectors in Russia, main taining that they would all be spies. He doesn't need any inspectors in the United States, for in the wide-open United Stales society the Russians need only about 5 per cent espionage to learn what they want to know. While the United Stales has a world wide nuclear lest detection system, which the Russians do not have, the U.S. needs inspec tion of unidentified explosions. Khrushchev apparently has been led to believe that the United States will ultimately sign a test ban treaty without inspection. But the often repeated report from the Russians that the for mer American disarmament nego tiator. Ambassador Arthur Dean, had ever said that inspections arc not important is officially de nied. Anyway, the difference be tween three inspections a year, which Russia might settle for. and tlie seven which the United States insists on as a mini mum is considered important. What's wanted is a reserve of two or three inspections for safetv. Q For those who are still inclined to think that it's not a woman's world they should ponder that flurry of news items concerning Valentina (the cosmonauti, Chris tine Keeler ithe political hazard' and Elizabeth Taylor (the burnton burner 1. Comes now some statistics that are rather timely for June, this being the season of romance ct al. It is rough going, but tlie Pop ulation Reference Bureau has made a try at reducing these blushing brides to cold statistics. It is estimated that during June 200,oou comely misses will become Mrs. Our June brides will be numbered among the 1,600,000 American women who will be married during the course of 1963. The profile prepared by PRIi shows the median age (half above half below I for bridegrooms to be 22.8 years, for brides 20..1 'years. About H5 per cent of all women are married by the time they reach 21. Twelve per cent of the women in college are married 1162,000) and almost half that number (77,000) in high school are married. There are now very few spin sters, compared with years gone by. As recently as 1940, of women in their early 30s, 15 per cent had never been married; in 1960 the ratio was just seven per cent. Most wom en who arc married have chil dren, and the PRB estimates that wives arc having an aver age of 3.4 children by the time (hey have completed (heir fami lies. This year's June bride will, statistically, have had her last child by the time she is 28, and by 34, have her youngest in school. (I don't know that this is such hot news for those of us who have passed the 45-mark and still have one at home.) A third of all wives are working to day, and 42 per cent of those with children between 6 and 18 are in the labor (working, that is) force. The Bureau also has some WASHINGTON REPORT . Labor Traps By FULTON LEWIS JR. Outside a small chemical firm in Northvale, N.J., a group of Teamster pickets parade slowly. They arc led by Robert Taran tino and Alfred Pascarella, presi dent and secretary - treasurer of Teamster Local 418. Messrs. Tarantino and Pascarella tell re porters they have called the strike to protest against working conditions at tlie plant of Tcct, Inc. Quite a change of heart, says company President Jay Patrick. According to agents of the Fed eral Bureau of Investigation, Tar antino and Pascarella tried to shake down Patrick for payoffs that would guarantee labor peace. The proposa was allegedly first broached last year by Pas carella. a sharp-nosed character fond of dark glasses and flashy clothes. For SI0O a month, Pas carella is said to have told Pal rick, labor harmony could be maintained. There would be no wage increase when the Team ster contract was renegotiated in May. ion.1. "Objectionable" fea tures of that contract would be removed. "Do you realize," Pascarella Is quoted as saying, "that you're saddled with this union question and saddled in every sense ol that word?" Patrick went straight to the FBI. In a small restaurant, un der the watchful eye of FBI agents, Patrick paid'his first in stallment of $100 to Pascarel la. it is charged. The agents did not then move in because they wished to get others as well. December came and the ante was upped to $M0. Wired for sound, with marked bills in his hand, Patrick met Tarantino and Pascarella in his office shortly before Christmas. Then the payoff was made, it is charged. Tlie Teamsters left only to be pounced upon by the FBI. The marked bills were re portedly found on Tarantino. who told arresting agents that he thought they were Christmas cards. The two were arraigned before U S. Commissioner Theodore Kis carls and charged with violating Uie Taft-Hartley Act. Both plead ed not guilty. Released in $1,500 bail, they returned to their Team ster business. They let it he known, it is charged, that they would strike NOTHING SPECIAL (W. B. S.I data on marriage failures, but it scarcely seems fitting to confront the radiant bride with the news that 400,000 divorces are granted each year. Along the same line is a shock er from the court of Circuit Judge Jean Lewis of Multnomah Coun ty. She noted that of 853 wives seeking divorce in Her court, 615 were married as teen-agers. She was quoted as saying that 72 per cent of the wives seeking divorce were married as teen-agers and divorced within 10 years. He's a pretty good husband who Is as nice lo his wife in private as he Is in public. (And, if you don't think so, ask your wife.) As usual, the girls were talk ing about marriage. "I'll have trouble finding the kind of man I want to marry," confided one. "He'll have to be smart enough to earn a lot of money, but stupid enough to give it to me." And. a man who asks his wife for advice hasn't been listening. In (he mail, from Lcona Gavin: "To me this is Something Spe cial. "Many thanks to the taxpayers of tlie state of Oregon. Also to the blood donors. "In February of this year a large lump appeared on my thigh. A wonderful doctor here in Klamath Falls removed two large tumors. To our surprise, they were malignant. The doctor sent me to Portland for further study. After going through the clinic at the University of Oregon, the doctors decided to do further sur gery. "A portion of the muscle and tissues were removed from my leg in March. "I have fully recovered except for a slight limp which will dis appear. "I thank God for such places as our Oregon University Medical School and hospital. A wonderful place to be when it is needed. I wish everyone could go through the hospital and sec the good work which is going on. I'm through complaining about tax- Peace Payoff Two Leaders Tcct, Inc., as soon as its con tract ran out. At midnight, May 6, Tarantino and Pascarella pulled out nine employes and be gan In make things difficult for Patrick. An independent trucker was scared off. Patrick had lo drive his own truck lo guarantee de livery of his solvents. He was fol lowed on one occasion by eight pickets who threatened to picket his customers unless the deliv ery was rctuscd. On another occasion, it is charged, Teamster "representa tives" threatened the Wright Aeronautical Company with a secondary boycott if it accepted a delivery of Patrick's chemi cals, and attempted to prevent Patrick's men from picking up material at the El Dorado stor age terminal in Bayonne, iO. Patrick's vehicles have been sabotaged, his telephone lines cut; his electrical circuits have been shorted, two of his tank trucks set alire. A jut-jawed Irishman who built up his company from scratch, Patrick has vowed to fight this to the end. He knows that all loo many businessmen take the easy way out and agree to pay off corrupt labor leaders. One of those, Walter A. Dorn. a New York trucker, finally re belled and agreed to cooperate with the government. He was used as a chief witness in the trial of Anthony "Tony Pro" Pro venzano. New Jersey Teamster chief. Dorn's testimony helped convict Tony Pro a fortnight ago on charges of extortion. THEY SAY... Im old enough to remember when it was terrible to have a mortgage on the house. . . . But the saying. "Nicther p borrower nor a lender be." is hope.iss in our present-day world. -Mrs. Mildred S. Bovd. Tire president ol Credit Union Nation- I Association.
