PAGE t-A ,
dtioiutL (paqsL
Migratory Worker Problem
- Sweeping changes in American migratory
farm labor practices are expected to follow
the wind-up on Dec. 31, 1963, of the "bracero"
program under which Mexican workers have
been brought to the U.S. as harvest hands.
There may be some effort to revive this
plan and extend it another year, as the Ken
nedy administration has requested. But the
House vote to kill Public Law 78, under which
the program was administered by the U.S.
Employment Service, is expected to be ap
proved by the Senate.
This would end 10 years of supervised
recruitment which replaced the old practice
of hiring "wetbacks" who crossed the river il
legally to seek jobs.
; , Import of Mexican contract labor reached
a-peak of 437,000 workers in 1959. It has
dropped steadily since then to 195,000 last
year. A further cut is expected this year.
There will still be a need for almost
500,000 seasonal workers to take off Ameri
ca's crops of grains, fruits and vegetables.
But automation on farms has shortened the
harvest season. Farm labor that used to find
250 days work a year now averages only 100
to 120, not enough to live on.
There is no manpower shortage here at
liome, but there is a recruiting problem. An
nually for the last '10 years about 200,000
people have been leaving farms for the cities.
Still there is high rural as well as urban un
employment. If migrant workers have to be recruited
in the southeastern United States for work
as far west as Oregon and California, trans
portation costs will be high.
For Mexican labor, each worker recruit
ed was given $15 to pay his transport costs
to; employment centers on the U.S. border.
Employers had to provide transportation from
there.
r-; There will be a new farm wage problem.
Minimum pay for Mexican labor has ranged
from 60 cents an hour in Arkansas to $1 an
hour in California and Michigan. One gripe
against the system is that American workers
IN WASHINGTON . . .
By RALPH de TOI.KDANO
Unless President Kennedy or
ders the U.S. Navy to declare
open war on the Cuban exiles,
hit-and-run raids on Castroland
will begin lo mount in number And
Intensity. There is no way to pre
vent it nor should any attempt be
made to do so. The Cuban Student
Directorate and Commandos "L"
to name the two most effective
groups-do not Intend to let U.S.
domestic politics and Mr. Ken
nedy's Hamlct-like Indecisions re
strain them.
But these raids underscore the
need or some kind of unified ac
tion and some coalition of Cubans
that can focus tlie efforts of all
as they move to the overthrow ol
Castro's Communist cohorts. They
aim give true pertinence to a sug
gestion made on the Senate floor
hy- Senator Gordon Allott (R.
Cplo.) who was speaking for an
important group of Republican
colleagues.
Senator Allott's speech received
the treatment. That Is to say.
most of the Washington press
corps Ignored it. Of the three pa
pers here, only one mentioned it
and then yanked the story from
later editions. The wire services,
Ip their credit, carried it.
Perhaps Mr. Allott's trouble was
QUESTIONS -.
AND
ANSWERS
Q Where did the Strait of
Durdnnolkt get Its name?
A The word Dardanelles
comes from the ancient Greek
city of Dnrdanus, on Asia's side
of the strait. The ancient Greeks
called this strait Uie Hellespont.
Q What is the meaning of
the word "gospodin"?
A It Is a Russian title of
respect, equivalent to Mr, or Sir.
" Q Who established tlie Or
der of the Purple Heart?
."A George Washington la
17112.
VQ What national park is con
jidcred the greatest geyser re
gion In the world?
A Yellowstone.
Q What is a "corduroy
road"?
A One made by laying logs
across a path, usually through
marsh. This results In a road
way ribbed somen Ut like corduroy.
HKHALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon
A Cuban Action
that he offered a new Idea and
this is often so startling to Wash
ington that tlie shining hour pass
es and the world has moved on
to other news. For what ho pro
posed was the creation of a gov-crnmcnt-in-exile,
backed by the
U.S., but one with a real differ
ence. "We will help this government
establish Itself on Cuban soil, at
our Gunntanamo base," Senator
Allott said, "and at the earliest
appropriate moment accord it full
recognition as tlie legal instru
ment of Cuban sovereignty . . .
W'c will offer the use of Gunntana
mo while retaining our full treaty
rights and our perpetual lease
hold. And thus we utterly reject
the notion of oflering this key
base as a pawn in some future
negotiations . . .
"We will, at the same lime,
continue the policy of training
Free Cubans in our own armed
forces. These men, in Increasing
numbers, will provide a reservoir
of military skills upon which the
Provisional government may wish
to draw as it charts its own
course toward ultimate libera
tion , . .
"I am suggesting that we thus
challenge all Cuban patriots to
unite in the name of liberation.
And toward tlie accomplishment
of this goal, we must pledge our
unequivocal purpose and the reso
lute use of our power."
These aie stirring words ex
pressing an important lik'a. A gov-ernment-ln-cxile
operating on Cu
ban soil in tlie privileged sanctu
ary of Guantanamo would set
Cuba aflame. Tlie guerrilla light
ers would know for the first lime
since the Bay of Pigs fiasco that
the United States was on their
side. The militia which holds the
Cuban people in slavery would be
gin lo disintegrate. Defections
would rise. The forces in the Fs
cambiny would grow and with
popular supiHirt show more dar
ing. It is conceivahle that tlie Cas
tro regime would fall without any
massive uprising just as the Ba
tista regime collapsed when the
State Department let it be known
that it was withdrawing its sup
port and barking the handful ol
Castro guerrillas. Cubans recent
ly arrived from Castro's satrapy
are unanimous In their belief that
U.S. failure to give support lo the
guerrillas is Communism's strong
est weaHin against revolt.
In short, the effect of sotting up
Thursday, June J7, 1963
haven't been able to get even these guaranteed
contract rates.
The complaint of big farm operators is
that they can't find enough domestic labor for
even these prices. With no competing Mexi
can labor supply, pay scales for domestic
farm labor may have to be raised, increasing
farm costs.
If there is a return to the old wetback
practices, a new burden will be thrown on the
Immigration Service Border Patrol.
Shutting off the legal Mexican farm la
bor supply is expected to bring pressure
for import of more contract labor from British
West Indies. About 12,000 came from B.W.I,
last year, mostly for Florida. But transpor
tation costs to the southwest probably would
be too high to use this labor force.
Most of the U.S. east coast migrant farm
labor, which is native American, begins its
year's work in Florida and moves north as
the season advances. There are about 200,000
workers in this force, organized in crews
scheduled for work in each area all the way to
New England.
For many years past, working and living
conditions of migrant workers have been the
subject of much investigation and criticism.
One of the principal reforms proposed has
been to give American migrants the same
protection given to Mexican farm labor in the
U.S.
One principal benefit of killing the Mexi
can bracero program in the House has been
to speed passage of a series of six bills pro
posed by Senator Harrison A. Williams, D
N.J. to improve migrant labor conditions. As
now passed by the Senate and sent to the
House for action, the Williams bills will pro
vide federal aid to the states to educate mi
grant workers' children, operate day care cen
ters for them and regulate labor of all farm
children from 12 to 18 years old. Crew lead
ers will be registered and a National Advisory
Council on Migratory Labor will be established.
Proposa
a Free Cuban government in
Guantanamo would be both prac
tical and psychological. Tlie gov
ernment could lead operations
and broadcast directly to its peo
ple, as Cubans on Cuban soil.
Troops trained at the Guantana
mo bases could infiltrate Castro's
lines without the dangers and lo
gistic difficulties of seaborn opera
tions. But more important, this
Free Cuban government would be
a symbol of resistance.
The danger to the United States,
moreover, would lie minimal,
(iuantanamo is an American base.
Should Khrushchev seek to pre
vent its use, he would be in viola
tion of international law the ag
gressor. At the United Nations, he
could have no possible cumplaints
or make propagandists hay.
Senator Allott's proposal is an
imaginative and bold one. The
press ignored him. but perhaps
the President heard. If he didn't
you might drop him a note and
let him know.
Al
manac
By United lrcss International
Today Is Thursday, June 37. the
ITKth day of 13 with 1B7 to
follow.
The moon is approaching its
first quarter.
The morning stars arc Venus.
Jupiter and Saturn.
Tlie evening star is Mars.
Those born today include Helen
Keller, in 1880 at Tusctimbia. Ala
On this day in history:
In I8V1. a mob murdered Mor
mon leader Joseph Smith and
Hrigham Young became head of
the Mormon Church.
In lffivi, a major economic de
pression began as prices on the
New York Slock Exchange col
lapsed. In 1, President Franklin D.
Roosevelt was renominated for a
second term in ollice by the
Democratic convention in Phila
delphia. In IS.V1. President Harry Tru
man ordered tlie U.S. Navy and
Air Force lo help repel tlie Com
munist invasion of South Korea.
A thought for the day Ameri
can philosopher, Kalph Waldo
Emerson, said: "Nothing great
was ever achieved without enthusiasm."
Ay
jpst ,
sss V7 'N
v OA:
N
EDSON
Test
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NEAI No high
official in Washington is kid
ding himself that the forthcom
ing American-British Russian
talks on a nuclear test ban will
result in agreement and a treaty.
Some administration sources put
Undersecretary of State Avcrcll
Harriman's chances of success in
Moscow at no better than one in
20.
This is perhaps the best an
swer to congressional and other
critics who think that the con
ference announced in President
Kennedy's June 10 speech on a
new strategy for peace is an am
bush and a waste of lime. The
rationalization for it U that any
president would want to be sure
tliat he had done everything he
could to avoid a world-wide nu
clear disaster. If the talks prove
fruitless as expected, Russia gets
the blame.
What could follow would be of
considerable advantage lo the
United States in one way, of con
siderable damage to both the
Communists and the free worlds
in another.
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
Pure Personal Prejudices: Noth
ing is easier than to be proudly
humble, passionately chaste, and
dogmatically skeptical: when one
pursues a virluc to its extreme.
It becomes at last a contradic
tion in terms.
What is Important In history
Is not so much "what hap
pened," hut what people made
of It, how they llmughl about it
and used It, for noble or per
verted reasons of their nun:
and any history that is not In
trrlarded with some social psy
chology Is nearly useless for
study.
Family structure hasn t changed
much in tlie generations since
Chekhov remarked so trenchant
ly: "When children appear, we
justify all weaknesses, compro
mises, snobberies, by saying: 'It s
for the children's sake.' "
Nothing is more fatal to reform
movements than succeeding: It is
the destiny of reform always to
lie the party of opposition, for a
soon as it sweeps into power it
begins to be overthrown by suc
cumbing to the same vices and
delects it so successfully in
veighed against.
Barbarous societies punish their
satirist by imprisoning, exiling or
killing them: but civilised socie
ties, approaching decadence, pun
ish llieir ijilirists much more el
fevtively by laughing, lazily
agreeing, and simply ignoring the
truth behind tlie shafts.
The most dangerous man Is
not the bad man: It Is the one
with jusl enough good In him
to appeal lo our sense of Justice,
and Just enough evil to appeal
to our Instinct for revenge.
1
SHELTER
1 V
?MEfW
. ,
IN WASHINGTON
Ban Pact
Another demonstration by the
Russians that they do not want
a test ban should make all the
North Atlantic Treaty Alliance
countries realize exactly what
they arc up against. It should
unite them as tbey have not been
t uniled before.
Russian rejection of a- test ban
should also make it easier to
bring into being the NATO
Multilateral Force MLF of
submarines and surface ships
armed with Polaris missiles.
The bad part of such a de
velopment is that it might bring
on an all-out arms race between
East and West. The MLF alone
would cost the U.S. an estimated
$15 billion. It would mean $100
billion U.S. defense budgets with
in a few years. The question is
whether or not a 'test ban would
be preferable.
If a test ban agreement should
come through as a long shot,
there is no intention that the
United States would relax on
what is now believed to be its
vast nuclear su)eriority. Plans
for future testing would go right
ahead. Development of antimis
sile missiles and anti-antimissile
missiles would go ahead.
va! 1 i
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
Once the dancer has leaped
higher than ever belore: we quick
ly become discontented with such
leaps, and demand that they be
ever higher and higher: thus audi
ences inevitably bribe and black
mail art into acrobatics, trickery,
showiness and a competition for
setting meaningless records.
To a shrewd observer, what a
man displays in the breast pocket
of his coat jacket is usually as
good an index of his taste and
temperament as anything wheth
er pen and pencils are clipped on.
or whether a square handkerchief
with monograms is peeping out.
or simply a pair of glasses, can
tell us volumes about a man's pri
vate image of himself.
BERRY'S WORLD
t
fir: 1 K5
Doubtful
Then if the Russians broke the
test ban treaty, tlie United States
would be prepared to resume
testing immediately. It would
not be forced to lose six months
. as it did before when Khrushchev
broke the Eisenhower moratori
um on bomb testing.
In spite of U.S. nuclear weap
ons superiority which is not to
be confused with a missile gap
in delivery systems there is no
assurance that American scien
tists would be first to develop
new superweapons that come al
ter the H-bomb.
In tlie potential for prolifer
ation of nuclear weapons develop
ment in the next 10 to 20 years
by Red China, France, Germany,
Italy, Sweeden, India, Japan or
others that have the know-how,
some obscure scientist may make
the breakthrough. This is a de
velopment the United States musl
be prepared to match.
The key Issue on test ban ne
gotiations now is inspection of un
identified explosions. Chairman
Khrushchev doesn't want any for
eign inspectors in Russia, main
taining that they would all be
spies.
He doesn't need any inspectors
in the United States, for in the
wide-open United Stales society
the Russians need only about 5
per cent espionage to learn what
they want to know.
While the United Stales has a
world wide nuclear lest detection
system, which the Russians do
not have, the U.S. needs inspec
tion of unidentified explosions.
Khrushchev apparently has been
led to believe that the United
States will ultimately sign a test
ban treaty without inspection.
But the often repeated report
from the Russians that the for
mer American disarmament nego
tiator. Ambassador Arthur Dean,
had ever said that inspections
arc not important is officially de
nied. Anyway, the difference be
tween three inspections a year,
which Russia might settle for.
and tlie seven which the United
States insists on as a mini
mum is considered important.
What's wanted is a reserve of
two or three inspections for
safetv.
Q
For those who are still inclined
to think that it's not a woman's
world they should ponder that
flurry of news items concerning
Valentina (the cosmonauti, Chris
tine Keeler ithe political hazard'
and Elizabeth Taylor (the burnton
burner 1.
Comes now some statistics that
are rather timely for June, this
being the season of romance ct
al. It is rough going, but tlie Pop
ulation Reference Bureau has
made a try at reducing these
blushing brides to cold statistics.
It is estimated that during
June 200,oou comely misses will
become Mrs. Our June brides
will be numbered among the
1,600,000 American women who
will be married during the
course of 1963.
The profile prepared by PRIi
shows the median age (half above
half below I for bridegrooms to
be 22.8 years, for brides 20..1
'years. About H5 per cent of all
women are married by the time
they reach 21. Twelve per cent of
the women in college are married
1162,000) and almost half that
number (77,000) in high school
are married.
There are now very few spin
sters, compared with years
gone by. As recently as 1940,
of women in their early 30s,
15 per cent had never been
married; in 1960 the ratio was
just seven per cent. Most wom
en who arc married have chil
dren, and the PRB estimates
that wives arc having an aver
age of 3.4 children by the time
(hey have completed (heir fami
lies. This year's June bride will,
statistically, have had her last
child by the time she is 28, and
by 34, have her youngest in
school. (I don't know that this is
such hot news for those of us
who have passed the 45-mark
and still have one at home.) A
third of all wives are working to
day, and 42 per cent of those with
children between 6 and 18 are in
the labor (working, that is) force.
The Bureau also has some
WASHINGTON REPORT .
Labor
Traps
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Outside a small chemical firm
in Northvale, N.J., a group of
Teamster pickets parade slowly.
They arc led by Robert Taran
tino and Alfred Pascarella, presi
dent and secretary - treasurer of
Teamster Local 418. Messrs.
Tarantino and Pascarella tell re
porters they have called the
strike to protest against working
conditions at tlie plant of Tcct,
Inc.
Quite a change of heart, says
company President Jay Patrick.
According to agents of the Fed
eral Bureau of Investigation, Tar
antino and Pascarella tried to
shake down Patrick for payoffs
that would guarantee labor
peace.
The proposa was allegedly
first broached last year by Pas
carella. a sharp-nosed character
fond of dark glasses and flashy
clothes. For SI0O a month, Pas
carella is said to have told Pal
rick, labor harmony could be
maintained. There would be no
wage increase when the Team
ster contract was renegotiated in
May. ion.1. "Objectionable" fea
tures of that contract would be
removed.
"Do you realize," Pascarella
Is quoted as saying, "that you're
saddled with this union question
and saddled in every sense ol
that word?"
Patrick went straight to the
FBI. In a small restaurant, un
der the watchful eye of FBI
agents, Patrick paid'his first in
stallment of $100 to Pascarel
la. it is charged.
The agents did not then move
in because they wished to get
others as well. December came
and the ante was upped to $M0.
Wired for sound, with marked
bills in his hand, Patrick met
Tarantino and Pascarella in his
office shortly before Christmas.
Then the payoff was made, it
is charged. Tlie Teamsters left
only to be pounced upon by the
FBI. The marked bills were re
portedly found on Tarantino. who
told arresting agents that he
thought they were Christmas
cards.
The two were arraigned before
U S. Commissioner Theodore Kis
carls and charged with violating
Uie Taft-Hartley Act. Both plead
ed not guilty. Released in $1,500
bail, they returned to their Team
ster business.
They let it he known, it is
charged, that they would strike
NOTHING
SPECIAL
(W. B. S.I
data on marriage failures, but it
scarcely seems fitting to confront
the radiant bride with the news
that 400,000 divorces are granted
each year.
Along the same line is a shock
er from the court of Circuit Judge
Jean Lewis of Multnomah Coun
ty. She noted that of 853 wives
seeking divorce in Her court, 615
were married as teen-agers. She
was quoted as saying that 72 per
cent of the wives seeking divorce
were married as teen-agers and
divorced within 10 years.
He's a pretty good husband
who Is as nice lo his wife in
private as he Is in public. (And,
if you don't think so, ask your
wife.)
As usual, the girls were talk
ing about marriage. "I'll have
trouble finding the kind of man
I want to marry," confided one.
"He'll have to be smart enough
to earn a lot of money, but stupid
enough to give it to me."
And. a man who asks his wife
for advice hasn't been listening.
In (he mail, from Lcona Gavin:
"To me this is Something Spe
cial. "Many thanks to the taxpayers
of tlie state of Oregon. Also to the
blood donors.
"In February of this year a
large lump appeared on my thigh.
A wonderful doctor here in
Klamath Falls removed two large
tumors. To our surprise, they
were malignant. The doctor sent
me to Portland for further study.
After going through the clinic at
the University of Oregon, the
doctors decided to do further sur
gery. "A portion of the muscle and
tissues were removed from my
leg in March.
"I have fully recovered except
for a slight limp which will dis
appear. "I thank God for such places as
our Oregon University Medical
School and hospital. A wonderful
place to be when it is needed.
I wish everyone could go through
the hospital and sec the good
work which is going on. I'm
through complaining about tax-
Peace Payoff
Two Leaders
Tcct, Inc., as soon as its con
tract ran out. At midnight, May
6, Tarantino and Pascarella
pulled out nine employes and be
gan In make things difficult for
Patrick.
An independent trucker was
scared off. Patrick had lo drive
his own truck lo guarantee de
livery of his solvents. He was fol
lowed on one occasion by eight
pickets who threatened to picket
his customers unless the deliv
ery was rctuscd.
On another occasion, it is
charged, Teamster "representa
tives" threatened the Wright
Aeronautical Company with a
secondary boycott if it accepted
a delivery of Patrick's chemi
cals, and attempted to prevent
Patrick's men from picking up
material at the El Dorado stor
age terminal in Bayonne, iO.
Patrick's vehicles have been
sabotaged, his telephone lines
cut; his electrical circuits have
been shorted, two of his tank
trucks set alire.
A jut-jawed Irishman who built
up his company from scratch,
Patrick has vowed to fight this
to the end. He knows that all
loo many businessmen take the
easy way out and agree to pay
off corrupt labor leaders.
One of those, Walter A. Dorn.
a New York trucker, finally re
belled and agreed to cooperate
with the government. He was
used as a chief witness in the
trial of Anthony "Tony Pro" Pro
venzano. New Jersey Teamster
chief. Dorn's testimony helped
convict Tony Pro a fortnight ago
on charges of extortion.
THEY
SAY...
Im old enough to remember
when it was terrible to have a
mortgage on the house. . . . But
the saying. "Nicther p borrower
nor a lender be." is hope.iss in
our present-day world.
-Mrs. Mildred S. Bovd. Tire
president ol Credit Union Nation-
I Association.