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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (June 14, 1963)
PAGE fr-A HERALD AND NEWS. Klamath Falls, Orrgon Friday, June 14, HM EPSON IN WASHINGTON ... Women Pay Law Has Limitation Hedges : COUNTDOWN Action There is nothing like healthy, construc tive counterargument to give force and life to public debate in a democracy. Luckily, we are beginning to get more of it. Not long ago Republican Gov. William Scranton of Pennsylvania chipped in with a ..useful bit. Some lesser figures have contrib uted. And now GOP Gov. George Romney of 'Michigan has had something to say. What are these people talking about? They are asserting quite bluntly that there has been far too much negative moaning and groaning in this country from the "loyal opposition" and other more frantic critics of the broadly ruling Democratic party. Scranton said many businessmen who complain about the federal government "tak ing over" have simply defaulted on their own resnonsibilities in the areas of encroachment. ; He is not the first to say that. Years ago .' the late Russell Davenport, writing in the re spected businessman's magazine, Fortune, laid ; a heavy charge against businessmen for falling ' down on their wider public responsibilities. Scranton noted that in one quick sam pling of businessmen, a good number had to confess they had not voted in recent elections. A top Ohio Republican politician reported similar findings. . Harry Hall, an official of the Michigan State Chamber of Commerce, says the time has come for management to assume its full po litical responsibilities: (The New York Tim) The recommendations submitted by a Presidential emergency board oftcr a sound basis for strike-free resolution of the long dispute over excess manpower on the nation's railroads. They go even further in protecting locomotive firemen against the impact of rapid technological change than the report ;Mr. Kennedy received fourteen months ago from a special White House commission set ; up by President Eisenhower Since the initial proposals carefully bal- anccd the railroads' need for greater efficien cy against the workers' right to economic safe guards, the more generous treatment now available should halt union foot-dragging and clear the way for a prompt agreement. The freezing into train crews of unneeded men Imposes on the roads a financial burden they cannot carry without continued loss of IN WASHINGTON . . . By RALPH de TOI.KDANO In assessing Ihe Soviet Union's cold and-or hot war potential, raoit commentators think in term of missiles, bombers, other mili tary hardware, and numbers ol troops. These nre, of course, im portant variables in determining ; tlx- Communist dclcnse posture. ;Rut they are meaningless unless ;kcighcd against Soviet transport. Napoleon once said that an lirmy travels on its stomach. Hut an army can only travel as fast as Its supplies, no matter how well fed. And a nation at war can only furnish those supplies if its transport is in good shape. And this, tlie experts note, may he the Achilles heel of the Soviet I'nlon. James Sites, an oflicial of the Association of American Railroads, has been making first hand comparisons between the I'.S. and the Soviet railroad sys tems. What he has discovered should give small comfort to the Kremlin. ' Point 1 in his survey: The Sovi i '. transport system is one vast bottleneck. In apportioning Invest ment capital. Sites points out, So viet planners have "shortchanged transport in favor of more glam orous space technology, steel mills, and factories. As a result, railroads, the primary carrier, are an overstretched tendon, strain ing under mountainous kinds." Where most Industrialized na tions have a rail-truck-airplane combination in transport, Ihe So viet Union is lied down to an antiquated system. Russian rail roads carry 90 per cent of all Intercity freight travel and 75 per cent of all passenger traffic. In The Boondock; "The future belongs to men who have positive partisan convictions and have the de sire, the knowledge, the inspiration and the courage to fight for them." Governor Romney, a highly successful automaker before entering politics, wants not just businessmen but all citizens to jump into the fray. He gets laughed at by some who dis miss this talk as naive, fanciful nonsense. But Romney has one leg up on these peo ple. He practices what he preaches. He is right with the folk who say govern ment in Washington is too big. But he has little use for those who just complain and don't do anything about it. Many say: "Restore state's rights, return power to the states." Romney says fine, but that the way to do that is "reinvigorate state governments, rath er than to emasculate the national govern ment." Michigan's new constitution, sparked by Romney, is specifically designed to modernize the lower echelons of government so they can do a better job and keep mayors, schoolmen and others from running to Washington. The thesis underlying all this is simple: Men who don't attack their problems vigorous ly at home can't gripe when people take these matters elsewhere for solution. There's a moral in there for those who consider in responsible fashion what must be done for schools in Klamath County. The Train Stops Here traffic to competing forms of transporta tion. The end result is job insecurity for all classes of rail employes in an industry that has already had a 50 per cent shakcout of personnel since World War II. President Kennedy, who helped make the earlier recommendations meaningless by re fusing to put (he prestige of his office behind them, now has urged bolh sides to accept the present proposals as the bedrock for a con tract. Any disagreement over whether spe cific classes of jobs ought to be retained can be disposed of through binding arbitration, under the procedures outlined by the emer gency board. No such dispute can be consid ered serious enough to justify a national tie up. As Mr. Kennedy said, in appealing for a harmonious settlement, the survival of free collective bargaining may be determined by the success of the railroads and the unions in keeping the trains running. Transport System Fails In the U.S., the comparable fig ures are 43 per cent in freight ami three per cent in passengers. Thrust upon the Soviet transport system the added loads of war time conditions and a breakdown is inevitable. The United Stales has three trucks to Soviet Russia's one, but one hundred times as many auto mobiles. More precisely, one American in three has a car; one Russian in 3.10 can say the same. Tlie significance of this lignrc is In lle small productive capaci ty of tho Soviet Union's automo tive Industry 150,000 trucks ami rais a year. In World War II. American Lend Lease made up lor this deficiency. The United Stales has surplus transport capacity, yet in war time this is strained. How would the Soviet Union fare? Though it has twice the land area of the U.S., its 75.000 miles of railroad trackage are one-third of Ameri ca's. Tlie Kremlin boasts that by 1HB0 it will increase Its rail mileage by 50 per cent, but this will give it one-halt of what the U.S. has at present. Soviet rolling stock, moreover, does not com pare in capacity with that of tlie United States. And It is severe ly handicapped because it is broadgauge lor use on Russian trackbeds. Shipments to the cap tive nations must be unloaded and then reloaded on European narrower gauge stock. In a wartime situation, m a n power becomes a vitnl factor. In spite of featherbedding on U.S. railroads, they are enormously more efficient than their Soviet counterparts. It requires five times as many railroaders to operate Soviet roads as it docs to keep America's trains moving. In other words. Ihe Soviet-American ratio In op erating manpower is 8-lo-t per mile of railroad, or 30 per cent more men per unit of trallic handled. Had the presumably foresight ed Soviet planners been as smart as they claim to be, they would have begun a drastic moderniza tion of their railroads at tlie end of World War II. Much of their trackage and rolling stock in Eu roiean Russia had been destroyed and should have been replaced by equipment designed for use on Europe's narrower gauge roads. Highways should have been built and the automotive industry given Investment priorities to expand Insteiid, tlie Kremlin bosses sim ply replaced what had been dc ftroyed. The wide-gauge roads, which have been a serious barrier lor Russian transport since the days of the Tsars, were perpetuated. Today. Soviet rxperta admit that one of their major needs is the modernization and expansion ot all transport. Rut the Kremlin will not put up tlie money lor it and since there is no private source of capital, this means that rothing is done. In terms of tlie Soviet defensive and offensive posture, it adds up to an inescapable conclusion: Kven if Comrade Khrushchev's boast about Soviet military pow. er were true, they would be meaningless. An army Is not much good if you can't get it and its supplies from here to tliere. A BOOK REVIEW Retain Connally Amendment By W. II. CHAMBERLAIN (In The Wall Street Journal) As an experienced lawyer Mr. Denison Kitchcl has prepared many briefs. But it is doubtful he ever presented such an excel lent case as he does in "Too Grave a Risk," a little book in which he argues that the Connal ly Amendment restricting U.S. acceptance of the jurisdiction of the World Court should be re tained. The World Court is composed of 15 special judges, elected for nine-year terms with a three-year rotation system, so that one-third of the Court is re-elected every three years. Its function is to ren der judgments and opinions on disputes between nations involv ing points of international law. Its jurisdiction does not extend to matters of internal concern. But who is to determine what is a malter of internal concern? This question was left ambiguous ly open when the Senate was de bating U.S. acceptance of World Court jurisdiction in Then Sen. Tom Connally. of Texas, filled in this gap with an important specification in six words, "As determined by the United States." In recent years it has become a matter of the lib eral faith to attack the Connally Amendment as an obstruction to the realization of that mirage-like goal: "World peace through world law." Some well-meaning people have gained tlie impression that the U.S., hy maintaining the Con nally Amendment, is failing in its duty to give leadership for world peace and lagging behind the rest of the world. The U.S. Commitment Mr. Kitchcl, with his full knowl edge of the facts, has little dif ficulty in demonstrating th.it this is just not so. "The truth is." he writes, "that the United States is By SYDNEY J. HARRIS In New York recently. I was introduced to a young man who had just resigned his position in a brokerage lirm in order to be come a writer. We chatted for a half-hour about his new lile. and I was tempted to ask him: "What is it that you have to say?" For it seemed perfectly plain lo me that this affable, not unintelli gent young man was singularly devoid of any ideas or views that cried out to be heard He wants to say something, but he seems to have nothing of social importance to say. There is a widespread mistaken notion that "writing" is a talent that exists in a void a sense of words and phrases, a style, a gift of expression and arrange ment. But this is only the hollow form of writing: it needs to be filled w ith substance Nine-tenths of all writers, in cluding many of the established ones, have very little to say Tiieir world-view is either banal, unformed, or non-existent. They are a mass of feelings and in choate ideas, but these have nev. er been enough to give shape and point and direction to literary works. Good writing as distinct from mere "style" is first of all sound thinking. A writer needs a pre hensile mind, one that can grasp further committed to the World Court than any other major pow er." Only about one-third of the members of the United Nations have followed the American lead in accepting Ihe compulsory jur isdiction of the Court. And of the 35 which have accepted almost all' have carved out much bigger escape hatches than the United States. France. Great Britain and the Commonwealth countries are members of the Court's jurisdic tion on the understanding that they can quit on one day's notice. America's time limit is six months. No Communist-ruled nation has accepted the jurisdiction of the Court at all. although some of its judges have been Soviet and Po lish nominees. During the first 15 years of its existence the World Court decid ed only II cases, disposed of five others on technical grounds and rendered 12 advisory opin ions to the United Nations. Of these II cases only one, the min ing of two British warships off the coast of Albania, was seri ous. The otliers varied from tlie trivial to the ridiculous, such as the case of a German in Guate mala who, for a handsome consid eration, bought himself citizenship in the postage stamp size princi pality of Lichtcnstein. As the author observes, two things stand out in the Court's record during this period: 'The first is tile relative un importance of the disputes which have been submitted to the Court. The oilier is the small number of disputes submitted during a period when disputes between na Irons seem to have been almost constant. These things are men tioned at this point only to dis pel any illusion which may exist that the nations of the world have STRICTLY PERSONAL an idea and hold it in the round, firmly and forcibly, using it as a tool. I don't even mean that these ideas m-cd necessarily be con scious ones but they must he present, driving tlie engine and providing its motive power. The young man in New York, like so many ol his kind, feels that the urge to "express h i m sclf" is a valid enough reason. It is not. The writer does not express 'himself" he express es his view of tlie world, re fr.ictixl through his own unique personality. Unless he can objecti ty himself which takes study, pa tience, and the right shape of mind to begin with he would do better to express himself by tak ing up llower-arranging or fmger p.unlinc or some other therapeu tic craft The subjectivism that is run ning wild in the modern world tends to make everyone think that all he requires is the urge and a few technical pointers in order to become a creative art ist. Nothing could be further from tlie truth. Writing, like the other arts, is a vocation and a voca tion implies a call, a summons, to a certain way of life, of thinking and tooling. " Tlie church wisely rejects those probationers who. despite their feelings, do not truly have the call: how much anguish would be spared If these would be writers had a bishop to turn to. accepted in large measure the principle of adjudication as a means of settling disputes involv ing their vital self-interests, or that the World Court has to date played any real part in interna tional affairs." Court's Role Could Grow The question may arise why. if the World Court has been so in effectual it is necessary to re tain the Connally Amendment. The answer is that the past is 'not necessarily a guide to the future. And the Mme has passed when the U.S. could reckon on an automatic majority for its view point in the Assembly of the Unit ed Nations. It is quite conceivable that a combination of the Soviet bloc and the "uncommitted notions" could produce anti - American voles on matters very vital to U.S. national interests: Tariffs, immigration, race relations. UN control of funds appropriated for foreign aid. the Panama Canal, the base at Guantanamo. to men tion a few. Such a vote might he followed by an appeal to the World Court. In such a case the Connally Amendment would he a very useful trump in Uncle Sam's hand. At the present moment the struggle over tlie Connally Amend ment is dormant. But the Demo cratic platform of calls for its repeal and the issue may flare up at any time. It is a good thing to have such a convincing brief for the reten tion of the Amendment, on the ground that its repeal would in volve, in the words of the title, "too grave a risk." Too Grave a Risk. By Denison Kitchcl. Morrow. 128 pages. S3 .73. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q With what military leader was the horse "Vie" associated? A General Custer. The blazed faced sorrel was lost at the Bat tle of the Little Big Horn. Q What caused the death of the dinosaurs whose bones were fnnnd In Dinosaur National Monu ment in Utah and Colorado? A Paleontologists disagree hut whatever the cause a blizzard of volcanic ash a flood, a plague many of them died at once in this particular spot. BERRY'S WORLD "Surf Rnmnry'i a gonj man, hut eouU ue at Witfioa take more ttgab than ue hate nou" By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON INEA) Al though everybody in the Kennedy administration from the President down and everybody in Congress is feeling pretty virtuous now for having passed an equal - pay-fur-women amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, there is considerable question as to how much good it will do. There are no accurate figures on how many women workers will get a pay increase out of it. More won't than will.. , Of the 68 million workers in the U.S. civilian labor force. 23 mil lion are women. Of these 23 million women, however, only 7.5 million are now covered by the Fair La bor Standards Act as to minimum wage, overtime and working hours. These 7.5 million women arc the only ones who stand to bene fit in any way from the equal pay - for - equal - work amend ment. Women workers in agriculture, hotels, motels, restaurants and laundries are excluded. So are all professional, managerial and administrative women workers, and all outside salesladies. The equal-pay amendment, how ever, has so broadened the con cept of what constitutes equal work (or which equal pay must be given that it includes equal skill, effort, quality or quantity of work, experience, training, sen iority or merit system now in ef fect and excludes almost every differential factor other than sex, The new amendment doesn't mean that all women workers will have to be paid the same as all men workers on similar jobs across the board and across the country, as some opponents of the legislation feared. It will ap ply only to men and women doing ' exactly the same work under Ily FULTON LEWIS JR. Don't worry. Sit tight. This in essence is the message that Gov. Nelson Rockefeller has sent to key supporlers from coast to coast. A trusted lieutenant, George Hinman, has phoned back ers throughout the country to as sure them that Rocky's marriage is not. as commonly assumed, a political liability. Hinman, Republican National Commitleeman for New York State, is convinced that adverse reaction to the marriage will shortly ebb. By fall. Rockefeller can open full-throttle his cam paign for the GOP Presidential nomination. The new Mrs. Rockefeller, says Hinman. is "political dynamite. She's another Jackie Kennedy, a rral campaign asset." Despite the warm reception she received last week, party pros remain skepti cal. A major reason for this is Dr. George Gallup, who finds that Rockefeller, previously the lead ing contender for his party's nom ination, has faltered badly since his marriage and now trails Bar ry Goldwater among GOP voters. No longer is he considered his party's strongest possible candi date, either, running behind Gold water in trial heats with John Kennedy. There is no doubt that Rocky has injured himself, at leas, tem porarily, among Protestants and surprisingly enough, it is not only fundamentalists who are critical. Liberal theologians like Reinhold Neihuhr have rapped the gover nor. In an editorial entitled "The Neighbor's Wile." a leading Epis copal weekly. "The Living the same conditions in the same plant. The catch is that so many restrictions were put in the amend, ment that it may turn out to have very limited effect. The secretary of labor is given no regulatory authority. He is even prohibited from blacklisting for government contracts employ ers found guilty of violating the amendment. It is to be handled by Ihe Wage and Hours Division of Department of Labor, now un der Clarence T. Lundquist, who administers the Fair Labor Stan dards Act. The Department of Labor is specifically denied the authority to go on fishing expeditions through an employer's payroll rec ords, looking for possible viola tions of the equal pay for equal work amendment. It cannot clas sify jobs. Specified employer's records may be examined only after ob-' taining a federal court subpoena. Enforcement of the amendment will be only by federal court tri al and decision, not by adminis trative order. The amendment will not be come effective until a year after if is signed by the President. For men and women workers covered by union- ltoor agree ments, the amendment will not become effective until the con tract is renegotiated to comply with the new law or for two years, whichever date comes first. The amendment is so limited, in fact, that Rep. Katharine St. George, R-N.Y., called it, "just one bite of the cherry." "In other words," she said, "we are just nibbling away at a thing that could have been completely covered by an amendment to the Constitution, simply giving wom en equal rights and letting it go at that." This is what the League of Wom en Voters wants. WASHINGTON REPORT . . . Reaction Unfavorable To Rocky's Marriage Church," said it was doubtful w-hether Rockefeller "can any longer be considered as a candi date for the Presidency." Reac tion on the part of Orthodox Jews, Roman Catholics and fundamen talist Protestants has been, as ex pected, adverse. The governor found letters piled high at his Albany office when he returned with his bride from Venezuela. Almost without excep tion, they criticized his actions. Many writers said they could no longer support him for Ihe na tion's highest office. What is most astonishing is that members of Congress report sub stantial mail on the Rockefeller marriage. Wrote Warren Weaver Jr. in the New York Times: "If Congressional mail accurate ly mirrors public sentiment, Gov ernor Rockefeller remarriage appears to have been a political disaster." Weaver leafed through letters received by one Republican, a strong Rockefeller man. and ob served: "Few of them arc coming from cranks. They are care fully written, clearly expressed and sincere." Pollster Sam Lubcll discovered similar sentiment in New Hamp shire. "On the whole." he wrote, "popular reaction to the mar riage has been quite hostile." Fully ten per cent of voters queried said they no longer cujld cast their votes for Rockefeller. Luhell did feel, however, that Rockefeller could take the GOP Presidential primary from Cold water, but by a much smaller margin than earlier. Note: With Rockefeller slipping. Michigan Governor George Rom ney is more and more discussed as a potential candidate. Romney, according to several stories, has the backing of Dwight Eisenhow er and Richard Nixon. Both deny Ihe allegation. Ike, in fact, has written a personal note to Barrv Goldwater. assuring him that the report concerning him is false. Al manac By I nilrd Press International Today is Friday. June H. Ihe ltvuh day of mi with 200 to fol low This is Flag Day. The moon is in its'last quarter. Tlie morning stars are Venus, luster and Saturn. The evening star is Mars. Those born today include Har riet Beecbor St,e. who wrote ' I nele Tom s Cabin." in 181 1. On this day in history: In t.,5. the United States Armv was founded when Congress au thorized 10 rule companies re muted to serve the colonies. In I8R7 Great Britain honored Q:ieen Victoria on tlie 50!h anni ersary of her re:gn. In l'HO. the Germans entered P.ir: daring Wor.d War II.
