PAGE fr-A
HERALD AND NEWS. Klamath Falls, Orrgon
Friday, June 14, HM
EPSON IN WASHINGTON ...
Women Pay Law Has
Limitation Hedges :
COUNTDOWN
Action
There is nothing like healthy, construc
tive counterargument to give force and life
to public debate in a democracy. Luckily, we
are beginning to get more of it.
Not long ago Republican Gov. William
Scranton of Pennsylvania chipped in with a
..useful bit. Some lesser figures have contrib
uted. And now GOP Gov. George Romney of
'Michigan has had something to say.
What are these people talking about?
They are asserting quite bluntly that
there has been far too much negative moaning
and groaning in this country from the "loyal
opposition" and other more frantic critics of
the broadly ruling Democratic party.
Scranton said many businessmen who
complain about the federal government "tak
ing over" have simply defaulted on their own
resnonsibilities in the areas of encroachment.
; He is not the first to say that. Years ago
.' the late Russell Davenport, writing in the re
spected businessman's magazine, Fortune, laid
; a heavy charge against businessmen for falling
' down on their wider public responsibilities.
Scranton noted that in one quick sam
pling of businessmen, a good number had to
confess they had not voted in recent elections.
A top Ohio Republican politician reported
similar findings. .
Harry Hall, an official of the Michigan
State Chamber of Commerce, says the time has
come for management to assume its full po
litical responsibilities:
(The New York Tim)
The recommendations submitted by a
Presidential emergency board oftcr a sound
basis for strike-free resolution of the long
dispute over excess manpower on the nation's
railroads. They go even further in protecting
locomotive firemen against the impact of
rapid technological change than the report
;Mr. Kennedy received fourteen months ago
from a special White House commission set
; up by President Eisenhower
Since the initial proposals carefully bal-
anccd the railroads' need for greater efficien
cy against the workers' right to economic safe
guards, the more generous treatment now
available should halt union foot-dragging and
clear the way for a prompt agreement. The
freezing into train crews of unneeded men
Imposes on the roads a financial burden
they cannot carry without continued loss of
IN WASHINGTON . . .
By RALPH de TOI.KDANO
In assessing Ihe Soviet Union's
cold and-or hot war potential,
raoit commentators think in term
of missiles, bombers, other mili
tary hardware, and numbers ol
troops. These nre, of course, im
portant variables in determining
; tlx- Communist dclcnse posture.
;Rut they are meaningless unless
;kcighcd against Soviet transport.
Napoleon once said that an
lirmy travels on its stomach. Hut
an army can only travel as fast
as Its supplies, no matter how
well fed. And a nation at war can
only furnish those supplies if its
transport is in good shape. And
this, tlie experts note, may he
the Achilles heel of the Soviet
I'nlon. James Sites, an oflicial
of the Association of American
Railroads, has been making first
hand comparisons between the
I'.S. and the Soviet railroad sys
tems. What he has discovered
should give small comfort to the
Kremlin.
' Point 1 in his survey: The Sovi
i '. transport system is one vast
bottleneck. In apportioning Invest
ment capital. Sites points out, So
viet planners have "shortchanged
transport in favor of more glam
orous space technology, steel
mills, and factories. As a result,
railroads, the primary carrier, are
an overstretched tendon, strain
ing under mountainous kinds."
Where most Industrialized na
tions have a rail-truck-airplane
combination in transport, Ihe So
viet Union is lied down to an
antiquated system. Russian rail
roads carry 90 per cent of all
Intercity freight travel and 75
per cent of all passenger traffic.
In The Boondock;
"The future belongs to men who have
positive partisan convictions and have the de
sire, the knowledge, the inspiration and the
courage to fight for them."
Governor Romney, a highly successful
automaker before entering politics, wants not
just businessmen but all citizens to jump into
the fray. He gets laughed at by some who dis
miss this talk as naive, fanciful nonsense.
But Romney has one leg up on these peo
ple. He practices what he preaches.
He is right with the folk who say govern
ment in Washington is too big. But he has
little use for those who just complain and
don't do anything about it.
Many say: "Restore state's rights, return
power to the states."
Romney says fine, but that the way to do
that is "reinvigorate state governments, rath
er than to emasculate the national govern
ment." Michigan's new constitution, sparked by
Romney, is specifically designed to modernize
the lower echelons of government so they can
do a better job and keep mayors, schoolmen
and others from running to Washington.
The thesis underlying all this is simple:
Men who don't attack their problems vigorous
ly at home can't gripe when people take these
matters elsewhere for solution.
There's a moral in there for those who
consider in responsible fashion what must
be done for schools in Klamath County.
The Train Stops Here
traffic to competing forms of transporta
tion. The end result is job insecurity for all
classes of rail employes in an industry that
has already had a 50 per cent shakcout of
personnel since World War II.
President Kennedy, who helped make the
earlier recommendations meaningless by re
fusing to put (he prestige of his office behind
them, now has urged bolh sides to accept the
present proposals as the bedrock for a con
tract. Any disagreement over whether spe
cific classes of jobs ought to be retained can
be disposed of through binding arbitration,
under the procedures outlined by the emer
gency board. No such dispute can be consid
ered serious enough to justify a national tie
up. As Mr. Kennedy said, in appealing for a
harmonious settlement, the survival of free
collective bargaining may be determined by
the success of the railroads and the unions in
keeping the trains running.
Transport System Fails
In the U.S., the comparable fig
ures are 43 per cent in freight
ami three per cent in passengers.
Thrust upon the Soviet transport
system the added loads of war
time conditions and a breakdown
is inevitable.
The United Stales has three
trucks to Soviet Russia's one, but
one hundred times as many auto
mobiles. More precisely, one
American in three has a car; one
Russian in 3.10 can say the same.
Tlie significance of this lignrc
is In lle small productive capaci
ty of tho Soviet Union's automo
tive Industry 150,000 trucks ami
rais a year. In World War II.
American Lend Lease made up lor
this deficiency.
The United Stales has surplus
transport capacity, yet in war
time this is strained. How would
the Soviet Union fare? Though
it has twice the land area of the
U.S., its 75.000 miles of railroad
trackage are one-third of Ameri
ca's. Tlie Kremlin boasts that
by 1HB0 it will increase Its rail
mileage by 50 per cent, but this
will give it one-halt of what the
U.S. has at present. Soviet rolling
stock, moreover, does not com
pare in capacity with that of tlie
United States. And It is severe
ly handicapped because it is
broadgauge lor use on Russian
trackbeds. Shipments to the cap
tive nations must be unloaded
and then reloaded on European
narrower gauge stock.
In a wartime situation, m a n
power becomes a vitnl factor. In
spite of featherbedding on U.S.
railroads, they are enormously
more efficient than their Soviet
counterparts.
It requires five times as many
railroaders to operate Soviet roads
as it docs to keep America's
trains moving. In other words.
Ihe Soviet-American ratio In op
erating manpower is 8-lo-t per
mile of railroad, or 30 per cent
more men per unit of trallic
handled.
Had the presumably foresight
ed Soviet planners been as smart
as they claim to be, they would
have begun a drastic moderniza
tion of their railroads at tlie end
of World War II. Much of their
trackage and rolling stock in Eu
roiean Russia had been destroyed
and should have been replaced by
equipment designed for use on
Europe's narrower gauge roads.
Highways should have been built
and the automotive industry given
Investment priorities to expand
Insteiid, tlie Kremlin bosses sim
ply replaced what had been dc
ftroyed.
The wide-gauge roads, which
have been a serious barrier lor
Russian transport since the days
of the Tsars, were perpetuated.
Today. Soviet rxperta admit that
one of their major needs is the
modernization and expansion ot
all transport. Rut the Kremlin
will not put up tlie money lor it
and since there is no private
source of capital, this means that
rothing is done.
In terms of tlie Soviet defensive
and offensive posture, it adds up
to an inescapable conclusion:
Kven if Comrade Khrushchev's
boast about Soviet military pow.
er were true, they would be
meaningless. An army Is not
much good if you can't get it
and its supplies from here to
tliere.
A BOOK REVIEW
Retain Connally Amendment
By W. II. CHAMBERLAIN
(In The Wall Street Journal)
As an experienced lawyer Mr.
Denison Kitchcl has prepared
many briefs. But it is doubtful
he ever presented such an excel
lent case as he does in "Too
Grave a Risk," a little book in
which he argues that the Connal
ly Amendment restricting U.S.
acceptance of the jurisdiction of
the World Court should be re
tained. The World Court is composed
of 15 special judges, elected for
nine-year terms with a three-year
rotation system, so that one-third
of the Court is re-elected every
three years. Its function is to ren
der judgments and opinions on
disputes between nations involv
ing points of international law.
Its jurisdiction does not extend
to matters of internal concern.
But who is to determine what is
a malter of internal concern?
This question was left ambiguous
ly open when the Senate was de
bating U.S. acceptance of World
Court jurisdiction in
Then Sen. Tom Connally. of
Texas, filled in this gap with an
important specification in six
words, "As determined by the
United States." In recent years it
has become a matter of the lib
eral faith to attack the Connally
Amendment as an obstruction to
the realization of that mirage-like
goal: "World peace through world
law." Some well-meaning people
have gained tlie impression that
the U.S., hy maintaining the Con
nally Amendment, is failing in its
duty to give leadership for world
peace and lagging behind the rest
of the world.
The U.S. Commitment
Mr. Kitchcl, with his full knowl
edge of the facts, has little dif
ficulty in demonstrating th.it this
is just not so. "The truth is." he
writes, "that the United States is
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
In New York recently. I was
introduced to a young man who
had just resigned his position in
a brokerage lirm in order to be
come a writer. We chatted for a
half-hour about his new lile. and
I was tempted to ask him: "What
is it that you have to say?"
For it seemed perfectly plain lo
me that this affable, not unintelli
gent young man was singularly
devoid of any ideas or views
that cried out to be heard He
wants to say something, but he
seems to have nothing of social
importance to say.
There is a widespread mistaken
notion that "writing" is a talent
that exists in a void a sense of
words and phrases, a style, a
gift of expression and arrange
ment. But this is only the hollow
form of writing: it needs to be
filled w ith substance
Nine-tenths of all writers, in
cluding many of the established
ones, have very little to say
Tiieir world-view is either banal,
unformed, or non-existent. They
are a mass of feelings and in
choate ideas, but these have nev.
er been enough to give shape and
point and direction to literary
works.
Good writing as distinct from
mere "style" is first of all sound
thinking. A writer needs a pre
hensile mind, one that can grasp
further committed to the World
Court than any other major pow
er." Only about one-third of the
members of the United Nations
have followed the American lead
in accepting Ihe compulsory jur
isdiction of the Court. And of the
35 which have accepted almost
all' have carved out much bigger
escape hatches than the United
States. France. Great Britain and
the Commonwealth countries are
members of the Court's jurisdic
tion on the understanding that
they can quit on one day's notice.
America's time limit is six
months.
No Communist-ruled nation has
accepted the jurisdiction of the
Court at all. although some of its
judges have been Soviet and Po
lish nominees.
During the first 15 years of its
existence the World Court decid
ed only II cases, disposed of
five others on technical grounds
and rendered 12 advisory opin
ions to the United Nations. Of
these II cases only one, the min
ing of two British warships off
the coast of Albania, was seri
ous. The otliers varied from tlie
trivial to the ridiculous, such as
the case of a German in Guate
mala who, for a handsome consid
eration, bought himself citizenship
in the postage stamp size princi
pality of Lichtcnstein.
As the author observes, two
things stand out in the Court's
record during this period:
'The first is tile relative un
importance of the disputes which
have been submitted to the Court.
The oilier is the small number
of disputes submitted during a
period when disputes between na
Irons seem to have been almost
constant. These things are men
tioned at this point only to dis
pel any illusion which may exist
that the nations of the world have
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
an idea and hold it in the round,
firmly and forcibly, using it as a
tool. I don't even mean that these
ideas m-cd necessarily be con
scious ones but they must he
present, driving tlie engine and
providing its motive power.
The young man in New York,
like so many ol his kind, feels
that the urge to "express h i m
sclf" is a valid enough reason.
It is not. The writer does not
express 'himself" he express
es his view of tlie world, re
fr.ictixl through his own unique
personality. Unless he can objecti
ty himself which takes study, pa
tience, and the right shape of
mind to begin with he would do
better to express himself by tak
ing up llower-arranging or fmger
p.unlinc or some other therapeu
tic craft
The subjectivism that is run
ning wild in the modern world
tends to make everyone think
that all he requires is the urge
and a few technical pointers in
order to become a creative art
ist. Nothing could be further from
tlie truth. Writing, like the other
arts, is a vocation and a voca
tion implies a call, a summons, to
a certain way of life, of thinking
and tooling. " Tlie church wisely
rejects those probationers who.
despite their feelings, do not truly
have the call: how much anguish
would be spared If these would
be writers had a bishop to turn to.
accepted in large measure the
principle of adjudication as a
means of settling disputes involv
ing their vital self-interests, or
that the World Court has to date
played any real part in interna
tional affairs."
Court's Role Could Grow
The question may arise why. if
the World Court has been so in
effectual it is necessary to re
tain the Connally Amendment.
The answer is that the past is
'not necessarily a guide to the
future. And the Mme has passed
when the U.S. could reckon on an
automatic majority for its view
point in the Assembly of the Unit
ed Nations.
It is quite conceivable that a
combination of the Soviet bloc
and the "uncommitted notions"
could produce anti - American
voles on matters very vital to
U.S. national interests: Tariffs,
immigration, race relations. UN
control of funds appropriated for
foreign aid. the Panama Canal,
the base at Guantanamo. to men
tion a few. Such a vote might
he followed by an appeal to the
World Court. In such a case the
Connally Amendment would he a
very useful trump in Uncle Sam's
hand. At the present moment the
struggle over tlie Connally Amend
ment is dormant. But the Demo
cratic platform of calls for
its repeal and the issue may flare
up at any time.
It is a good thing to have such
a convincing brief for the reten
tion of the Amendment, on the
ground that its repeal would in
volve, in the words of the title,
"too grave a risk."
Too Grave a Risk. By Denison
Kitchcl. Morrow. 128 pages. S3 .73.
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
Q With what military leader
was the horse "Vie" associated?
A General Custer. The blazed
faced sorrel was lost at the Bat
tle of the Little Big Horn.
Q What caused the death of
the dinosaurs whose bones were
fnnnd In Dinosaur National Monu
ment in Utah and Colorado?
A Paleontologists disagree hut
whatever the cause a blizzard of
volcanic ash a flood, a plague
many of them died at once in
this particular spot.
BERRY'S WORLD
"Surf Rnmnry'i a gonj man, hut eouU ue at
Witfioa take more ttgab than ue hate nou"
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON INEA) Al
though everybody in the Kennedy
administration from the President
down and everybody in Congress
is feeling pretty virtuous now for
having passed an equal - pay-fur-women
amendment to the Fair
Labor Standards Act, there is
considerable question as to how
much good it will do.
There are no accurate figures on
how many women workers will
get a pay increase out of it. More
won't than will.. ,
Of the 68 million workers in the
U.S. civilian labor force. 23 mil
lion are women. Of these 23 million
women, however, only 7.5 million
are now covered by the Fair La
bor Standards Act as to minimum
wage, overtime and working
hours.
These 7.5 million women arc
the only ones who stand to bene
fit in any way from the equal
pay - for - equal - work amend
ment. Women workers in agriculture,
hotels, motels, restaurants and
laundries are excluded. So are
all professional, managerial and
administrative women workers,
and all outside salesladies.
The equal-pay amendment, how
ever, has so broadened the con
cept of what constitutes equal
work (or which equal pay must
be given that it includes equal
skill, effort, quality or quantity
of work, experience, training, sen
iority or merit system now in ef
fect and excludes almost every
differential factor other than sex,
The new amendment doesn't
mean that all women workers
will have to be paid the same as
all men workers on similar jobs
across the board and across the
country, as some opponents of
the legislation feared. It will ap
ply only to men and women doing
' exactly the same work under
Ily FULTON LEWIS JR.
Don't worry. Sit tight.
This in essence is the message
that Gov. Nelson Rockefeller has
sent to key supporlers from coast
to coast. A trusted lieutenant,
George Hinman, has phoned back
ers throughout the country to as
sure them that Rocky's marriage
is not. as commonly assumed, a
political liability.
Hinman, Republican National
Commitleeman for New York
State, is convinced that adverse
reaction to the marriage will
shortly ebb. By fall. Rockefeller
can open full-throttle his cam
paign for the GOP Presidential
nomination.
The new Mrs. Rockefeller, says
Hinman. is "political dynamite.
She's another Jackie Kennedy, a
rral campaign asset." Despite the
warm reception she received last
week, party pros remain skepti
cal. A major reason for this is Dr.
George Gallup, who finds that
Rockefeller, previously the lead
ing contender for his party's nom
ination, has faltered badly since
his marriage and now trails Bar
ry Goldwater among GOP voters.
No longer is he considered his
party's strongest possible candi
date, either, running behind Gold
water in trial heats with John
Kennedy.
There is no doubt that Rocky
has injured himself, at leas, tem
porarily, among Protestants and
surprisingly enough, it is not only
fundamentalists who are critical.
Liberal theologians like Reinhold
Neihuhr have rapped the gover
nor. In an editorial entitled "The
Neighbor's Wile." a leading Epis
copal weekly. "The Living
the same conditions in the same
plant.
The catch is that so many
restrictions were put in the amend,
ment that it may turn out to
have very limited effect.
The secretary of labor is given
no regulatory authority. He is
even prohibited from blacklisting
for government contracts employ
ers found guilty of violating the
amendment. It is to be handled
by Ihe Wage and Hours Division
of Department of Labor, now un
der Clarence T. Lundquist, who
administers the Fair Labor Stan
dards Act.
The Department of Labor is
specifically denied the authority
to go on fishing expeditions
through an employer's payroll rec
ords, looking for possible viola
tions of the equal pay for equal
work amendment. It cannot clas
sify jobs.
Specified employer's records
may be examined only after ob-'
taining a federal court subpoena.
Enforcement of the amendment
will be only by federal court tri
al and decision, not by adminis
trative order.
The amendment will not be
come effective until a year after
if is signed by the President.
For men and women workers
covered by union- ltoor agree
ments, the amendment will not
become effective until the con
tract is renegotiated to comply
with the new law or for two years,
whichever date comes first.
The amendment is so limited,
in fact, that Rep. Katharine St.
George, R-N.Y., called it, "just
one bite of the cherry."
"In other words," she said, "we
are just nibbling away at a thing
that could have been completely
covered by an amendment to the
Constitution, simply giving wom
en equal rights and letting it go
at that."
This is what the League of Wom
en Voters wants.
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Reaction Unfavorable
To Rocky's Marriage
Church," said it was doubtful
w-hether Rockefeller "can any
longer be considered as a candi
date for the Presidency." Reac
tion on the part of Orthodox Jews,
Roman Catholics and fundamen
talist Protestants has been, as ex
pected, adverse.
The governor found letters piled
high at his Albany office when
he returned with his bride from
Venezuela. Almost without excep
tion, they criticized his actions.
Many writers said they could no
longer support him for Ihe na
tion's highest office.
What is most astonishing is that
members of Congress report sub
stantial mail on the Rockefeller
marriage. Wrote Warren Weaver
Jr. in the New York Times:
"If Congressional mail accurate
ly mirrors public sentiment, Gov
ernor Rockefeller remarriage
appears to have been a political
disaster."
Weaver leafed through letters
received by one Republican, a
strong Rockefeller man. and ob
served: "Few of them arc coming
from cranks. They are care
fully written, clearly expressed
and sincere."
Pollster Sam Lubcll discovered
similar sentiment in New Hamp
shire. "On the whole." he wrote,
"popular reaction to the mar
riage has been quite hostile."
Fully ten per cent of voters
queried said they no longer cujld
cast their votes for Rockefeller.
Luhell did feel, however, that
Rockefeller could take the GOP
Presidential primary from Cold
water, but by a much smaller
margin than earlier.
Note: With Rockefeller slipping.
Michigan Governor George Rom
ney is more and more discussed
as a potential candidate. Romney,
according to several stories, has
the backing of Dwight Eisenhow
er and Richard Nixon. Both deny
Ihe allegation. Ike, in fact, has
written a personal note to Barrv
Goldwater. assuring him that the
report concerning him is false.
Al
manac
By I nilrd Press International
Today is Friday. June H. Ihe
ltvuh day of mi with 200 to fol
low This is Flag Day.
The moon is in its'last quarter.
Tlie morning stars are Venus,
luster and Saturn.
The evening star is Mars.
Those born today include Har
riet Beecbor St,e. who wrote
' I nele Tom s Cabin." in 181 1.
On this day in history:
In t.,5. the United States Armv
was founded when Congress au
thorized 10 rule companies re
muted to serve the colonies.
In I8R7 Great Britain honored
Q:ieen Victoria on tlie 50!h anni
ersary of her re:gn.
In l'HO. the Germans entered
P.ir: daring Wor.d War II.