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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (April 30, 1963)
PACK I HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon Tuesday, April 30, 1961 EDSON IN WASHINGTON All in Favor, Push a Button!' Tennessee Valley Conflict Lingers The term "escalating expenditures" is a vague cover for runaway government spend ing. You get it in Washington. You get it in the states. What it means is that the government keeps getting bigger and bigger and spend ing more and more. At the state level, a typical example is the steadily swelling load of pupils in the schools. In many states this means inescapably heavier assistance from government sources. There are other kinds of escalation. Some times new programs are started almost on a pilot basis, with modest expenditures for the first year and carefully planned increases over a span of time. Now how does all this fit into the spend ing debate? It Is important because a good many gov ernors, especially some who are getting shot at for proposing higher budgets, claim that a substantial part of the increase they seek is compelled by these "built-in" escalations. Though the same argument is made now and then at the federal level, it tends to get drowned out by other points. Nevertheless, Observers often say it Is unwise to com pare U.S. and British political partita because of the obvious differences between the two countries in size, population make-up, geo graphic variety, and the like. Nevertheless, Dr. William Prendcrgast, able research director of the Republican Na tional Committee, has just made an on-they spot comparison of this sort and finds in Bri tain some fruitful materials for hopeful party builders here at home. Though now in evidently increasing dif ficulties, the British Conservative party has ruled that nation for almost 12 unbroken years. For this and other reasons, Prendcrgast gave the Conservatives major attention. What struck him as most meaningful for this country were those things which tended above all to infuse the Conservative party with a real sense of stability and continuity. 1. The Conservatives draw regular, re liable financial backing from some two million virtual dues-paying party members, most of whose contributions range from 50 cents to $5 a year. 2. With this solid, sure underpinning, the PVty is truly professionalized. Year around, election season or not, it maintains a large, ef ficient, permanent staff to keep the party or ganization vigorous, alert, continuously func IN WASHINGTON Jly RAU'll de TOUtDA.NO however much the Pentagon may claim th.it it Is not pulling all its reliance on nuclcir mis siles and nuclear warh-rads. a careful look at the mililaiy hudg el shows that the U.S. is steadily rutting back it so-called conven tional forces It is also not giv ing though! to new and devastat ing methods ol destruction which might make nuclear warfare old fashioned and leave this country helpless. hour Admiral Cecil H. Coggini. the retired chief of the Navy's Alimic Bacteriological Chemical Warfare section, has been trying lo convince his onclime colleagues at the Pentagon that they are ob lessed by nuclear weapons. He points out lh.it the U.S. lead in nuclear-armed missiles is so great thai, barring acceptance of phony Soviet disarmament proosals. we face little foreseeable competition. On tin basis of reliable Intel ligence reports, however, it be comes clear that the Soviets have an aieinlhe hole. Their aecrel waon Is not Uie loo-megaton bomb but chemical and biological warfare, in which they hate In vetted great sums of money. In tlie ast. I briefly noted a few of 11 ie fails about Soviet ad vances in tins field. Even t small part of the story Is frightening, hut more careful scrutiny ol what we already know opens vis las of horror. Here Is some ol the background: In the last days of World War II, the Nans daveloped three nerve gasses, T.tnun, Sarin, and Soman. They could not be detect ed by the human senses, and caused death in less than a min ute. The Hcd Army captured a lahun plant intact and moved it to Die Soviet Union. This gas is now the standard Soviet nerve gas, and the Kremlin has stock pile of more than Sn.OOO tons. (On droplet of Tabun can lull ' The Soviets have also dcvel ope4 what are called "psycho gatses," which cause tomixirary Automatic Bankruptcy British Practice Sound tioning. For instance, the Conservatives employ some 50 regular party researchers, against Prendcrgast's mere handful at GOP headquar ters. 3. As part of its profcssionalization, yet deserving of an important separate note, the organization plants in every single British par liamentary constituency a "party agent" a full time, paid party worker whose task is to collect party funds, handle countless rou tine organization matters, generally serve as the permanent "party presence" at the grass roots. By contrast, our party organizations are usually thinlv parchmented skeletons which suddenly inflate to bulbous life in general election years. We tap the affluent fellows for big money, never sure from time to time which ones will cough up. Our campaigns are far costlier, of course, because of heavy travel and television charges. In Britain, specified television time is free to the parties in voting season and out. Whatever the differences in scale, British efforts to introduce stability, continuity and professional competence into party organiza tion may well be worth copying. We have muddled through on a "feast or famine" basis far too long. Standard Force blindness, paralysis, deafness. In aerosol sprays, they spread across terrain like a fog. and their ef fects Inst for as long as 24 hours. Soviet military leaders have ex pressed a "special Interest" in these "psychochemicals." which can permit them to take over cit ies without destroying them or the potential future slaves to keep the economy alive. According to Admiral Coggins. live Soviets have some W plants turning out the newest psycho gasses. and he also notes that "fully 15 per cent ol the total of Russian military munitions" Is in this grisly set of weaions. So viet Army units are thoroughly trained in protective measures aeainst these gasscs and M mil lion civilians have received a re quired a hours in Instruction and practical defensive exercises. Pro tective gas masks are slocked at all industrial sites. As opposed to this, tie U.S. set up a plant near Denver to manu facture Sarin. But the complaints of "humanitarians" and those who feared contamination forced U S. Chemical Warfare to shut It down. Another plant is no under con sli uction. Civ il Defense has failed In mass produce gas masks and those lor the military are. lo quote Admiral Coggins, "locked up as tightly as were tin ammunition boxes at Pearl Harbor." Biological warlare oilers the Soviets another substitute lor ICBMs. Modern 'svhniques have been developed to deliver toxins, cultures, and bacteria In aerosol lorm by generators carried in planes or on submarines. These generators, fitted with log nonlei. can spread a line mist covering Ml square miles from 40 gallons of the compressed agents. Given proper wind conditions, such a cloud could be formed at sea and allowed to drift over any American port city. Depending on the nature of the agent used, the population could be wiped out or temporarily incapacitated. One bil lionth of a gram of certain lever budget specialists on all sides of the spending debate do agree that automatic escalation is not uncommon to the federal budget. If the arguments are to be weighed prop erly, the citizen needs to know how big a fac tor these built-in increases really are. Should they represent a marked percentage of budget, hikes, then the executive establishments, state and federal, would seem to have a legitimate point. Executives, even when they have promot ed the programs involved, can hardly be handed full blame for increases which were approved by clear legislative majorities in prior years. In this connection, it would be interesting to single out the politicians who are most vo cal against government spending, and match their well-publicized economy shouts against their voting records on measures with built-in escalation features. Embarrassment might prove more than occasional. Obviously much more reporting research needs to be done in this field. There is today too much verbal noise about escalating ex penditures and almost no hard substance. Cutback cultures, when breathed in. are sufficient to infect American scientists and military experts in chemical and biological warlare are well aware of the possibilities of these new weapons. On paper, moreover, the U.S. is as advances! as the Soviet Union. The capabilities are there. But no olfensive or delensive meas ures are planned in large part because it is considered "inhu mane " It is estimated that less than one per cent of the Penta gon's budget is expended in psy chochemical and biological re search and preparation. Compared to nuclear weapons, chemical and biological agents cost almost nothing. They are, in the long run. less permanently de structive. They serve an Import ant military lunctton. This may account lor Soviet complacency over the Kremlin's chronic mis sile gap. Almanac Bv United Press International Today is Tuesday. April 50. tlie 120th day ol lKvl with 14 more Ir. follow. Tlie moon is at first quarter Tlie morning stars are Venus and Saturn. The evening stars are Mercury and Mars. Today in history: In 17m, George Washington look the oath of ollice in New York City and was swnrn In as the lu st President ol the I niled Slates In 181 J. Louisiana was admitted to the Union as the IMh slate In 1900. tabled Casey Jones, the "Brave Engineer," was killed when his train coliided with a (i eight (rain at Vaughn, Miss In I04S. Nan dictator Adolf Hit ler committed suicide in a bunker j: Berlin A thought for the riav French Fmpcmr Napoleon Bonaparte said "From the sublime to the ridiculous ts Nil a step" Other Editors Say ... Too Many Flunked (Eugene Register-Guard) The Oregon Highway Users Conference has been polling the state's newspaper editors, with results that aeem to prove three things; Mi the editors oppose highway accidents; 2i Ihey sometimes hold widely varied opinions about what should be Hone ti. reduce accidents, and 3 some of them, too many of them, prefer political direction of Ore gon's high ay program to the sound, money-saving practices w hich have made Oregon s one of the finest highway systems in the United States. In a first OHUC-condiicled poll, about two months ago, SO-plu responding editors were sharply divided on the question of impos ing a maximum speed law to augment Oregon's basic sMed rule. Twenty-eight said "yes"; 2.1 said "no." And. while their vote was overwhelmingly in fa vor of educational methods of promoting use of auto seat belts, the editors linod up 51 to 2 against compulsory seat belt legislation. Now, in response to a second helping of OHUC questionnaires. Oregon's editors have gone on record as being mostly in favor of the principle of "implied con sent" regarding submission to tests for drunk driving. Thirty seven voted "aye' and only 17 "nay to utilization of this lecal theory that anyone appling for a driver's license automatically indicates his willingness to under go a sobriety test when asked to do so hy traffic office, s. Questions dealing with the ad ministration and financing of Ore gon's highways also were asked in this second round of editorial opinion testing. Results on these were decisively in favor of main taining the constitutional require ment that highway user fees and taxes be ent only for highways, state parks and the state police Rut surprisingly, they indicated only a 3 2 margin in opposition t the further use of highway bond issues to finance specific proj ects for which regular fund sourc es cannot immediately provide Frankly, we wish Oregon's edi tors would wake up to the perils of deficit highway financing to some extent approximating their awareness of the .indesirabiltty of traffic accidents. 11 them be divided inut .tmi ami tat belt laws. The driving puhlic. after all. will still be somewhat pro tected by the basic rule and by (lie right to have seat belts as self-protection devices. But, as long as only three out of five editors see the pitfalls that lie ahead in pork-barrel control of highway financing via special project bond issues, we II remain skeptical about the abilities of the others lo understand even the rudimrnts of the Oregon Irivers' Manual QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS e) tVhal eacagemenl was ? as "Tlie Battle ( Three FniBerers?" A The Battle of Austerliti in which the French under Napoleon defeated the allied Austrian and Russian forces under Francis II and Alexander I. Q ft hat 4a churchmen mean f the Cane ct the' Bible? A It is the word used for those books ol the Scnptuies which are believed to he inspired hy Cod. By FULTON LEWIS JR. Is tlie Guantanamo Bay Naval Station Caribbean headquar ters for the U.S. Navy to be surrendered to Fidel Castro? Reporters who call the White House to check out this fantastic report are referred to the Pen tagon. Spokesmen there send newsmen lo the Department of Stale. Reporters are then told the story is "absurd." Officials at Foggy Bottom ad mit, however, that negotiations are now under way for a "sub marine testing station" on Andros Island, located a few miles off Nassau. The Knight newspapers, in an exclusive story only last week, revealed that the U.S. and Great Britain were negotiating a con tract lor construction and lease of the Andros Island station. Tlie newspapers quoted a "Mi ami source" to the effect that Andros Island would be "used as the Navy's Caribbean head quarters should U.S. forces ever abandon Guantanamo." Contractors now surveying the island s facilities report the Navy openly concedes it could become a second Guantanamo. Ousting Uncle Sam from the 4.Vsquare-miles of Guantanamo Ray has long been Fidel Castro's goal. "We have stated more than once and we repeat our right to recover that territory," a Castro lackey told the U.N. last year. "That region was torn from us following an American incur sion." The fads are otherwise. A treaty signed in 19.14 gives the I S right to occupy Guantanamo B.iy until both countries decide to abrogate that treaty. One of the few Amcrkens al leged to lavor "negotiations" on Guantanamo is U N. Ambassador Adlai Slevenson. In their much puhlicned Saturday Evening Post article of last fall. Stewart Alsop and Charles Bartlett reported that Stevenson favored a surren der of Guantanamo as a means to negotiate general disarmament and reduce tensions. In a subsequent article. Alsop revealed that his story had been cleared by Clayton Fritchey, Ste venson s top U.N. aide, wilh whom he had spoken at length three times. Alsop said Fritchey approved this summary of Ste venson's position: "Stevenson was only willing to discuss Guantanamo and the Eu ropean bases with the Commu nists after a neutraluation of the t'uhan missiles." When last December I sent my associate. Bill Schuli. In Guan tanamo Bay. he came back to report that military leaders were Iraiful thai some Stevenson-type "deal " would be completed. For Guantanamo Bay, in the words ol the Defense Department, "pinvides an excellent base in support ol essential fleet oper ations." Almost perfect year-round cli mate, uncongested sea and air space, and close proximity lo the United Stales, all combine to pro vide a training base which has no eiiial n. the Atlantic For this reason, most ships ol the Atlantic Fleet visit Guantanamo each year for training Guantanamo guards the Wind ward Passage between Cuba and Haiti, by all odds the most trav cicd ol the maritime defiles which connect the Caribbean with the Atlantic. For this reason alone, Guanta WASHINGTON REPORT . . . Guantanamo Deal Appears In Making namo would be of vital impor tance in protecting American shipping in wartime not only ships using the Panama Canal, but also the oil tankers from Gulf ports and Venezuela. George Fielding Eliot, the dis tinguished naval historian, writes of "Gitmo": "Against an oppo nent possessing a large numher of submarines such as the So viet Union i a base close to such a major focal point as the Wind ward Passage would be of ma jor value. "Many of the smaller anti-submarine craft and shore-based air craft are of limited range: the closer their base to the focal areas where submarines gather lo seek their prey, the better pro tection they can give." It is foolhardy to argue, that bases at Andros Island, in Puer to Rico and the Virgin Islands, would do as well. The base at Guantanamo helps form a stra tegic triangle upon which the so-, curity of the Caribbean is found ed. The strongest point and main support of this triangle is Guan tanamo i Puerto Rico and Trini dad are the others'. Without Guantanamo, both Puerto Rico and Trinidad become exposed and dangerously isolated in terms of a submarine war. Writes Eliot: "There is also lo be considered the progressive reductions in force over the past years which have cut the local defenses of the Panama Canal virtually to lero. The Canal it self must he defended against at tack from tlie Atlantic side hy denying the Caribbean to any en emy." This only "Gitmo" can do so well. Young Actress 1 Yminc actret. 3 Concals BtthuiM 40 Card S ta tenia art 41 Full aen en vidto 42 Stream I A student nun 4 Black Sea ctty la hr 49 AIertaa cuatoman' aeaport 12 Short Jacket M Witticism IS Mineral rock 52 Fish tauc 14 Biblical nam 13 Commumau) lTwr 17 Favorite ii Mountain MMuiinl quality M Fruit drink M Small pastry to Heavy blow tl MaacutiTM nickname 56 Penult hp DOWS 1 No hint nvmpha 70 Sheriff ! rtaff 21 Snead'a mound 22 Thrmith 2,' Femaia tot 31 Sh m Th Nurw on TV SOHuh card .11 Fired, as a fun 92 Contend fcl Indian nM .14 G unlock catch .V Follower 2 Roman road 1 Protuberant 4 Handled i Draft animal Silkworm 7 Corded fabric t Account Individual I 23 4 fTI! 1 I 4 9 llO 'll TJ 13 TI Tl 16 17 Tl 19' F 23 124 7b rfz6 27 U '29 33 -34 ,35 a ; isrH H 3S- 42 43 U " j7 i 3 30 bl " 52" bS U 1 55 s? s7 mm sr By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. ' WASHINGTON NEA i Tennes see Valley Authority will be 30 years old May 18. Celebrations and oratory are be ing planned. Literature on the TVA "experiment" is appearing, pro and con. Whether you approve of it or not. TVA is admittedly one of the seven wonders of America . and an eighth wonder of the world. W hen the King of Morocco came to the United States, he stopped to see TVA before coming to Wash ington. At the end of World War II a party of European journalists came to Washington direct from TVA at the end of a transconti nental junket. They were from different political parties, and they had seen through partisan eyes the great Tennessee River with its dams and power lines, electri fied farms, navigation channels and flood control works. To the liberals. TVA showed what a democratic government and society could do when they went to work lor the people. To the socialists. TVA was pure Marxism. To the Communists, it was fulfillment of the Leninist Stalinist dream: only Russia could do it better. To the conserva tives, this was big business that could be created only in a free enterprise, capitalistic economy. They all got into such a heated argument about it that when they reached Washington they weren't speaking to each other. This illustrates as well as any thing the point that TVA is con troversial. And in its 30th an niversary observance this month there probably will be some sour notes that it is so anti-American it should be broken up and sold to private power companies. The best justification of TVA is that it works. But as a matter of speculation, if a completely un biased jury could be given the case, it might be found that the competitive private enterprise system owes a great debt to Ten nessee Valley Authority. TVA woke up the private pow er industry to its potential. It showed what could be done with rural electrification. It showed that lower power rates will in crease consumption and increase the sale of electric appliances By SYDNEY J. HARRIS "I was in F'lorida last month." said the woman next to me at the dinner table, "and we attend ed a benefit preview of a new film. Just as it started, the air conditioning system broke down and more than half the audi ence walked out and went home." "That's to be expected," I mur mured. "I suppose it is." she said, "hut. you know, all the people there were my age or older which means that they grew up without any air conditioning at all. We went to movies on the AntwF to Prtvtotm PuttI lOUnd parcel! .17 Kitchen tool 11 Fjwential twinf MCoal acuttl ) tiow haunt .10 Fancr 20 NuiMfic 22 Needy 2.1 Hufe 24 Froater 2iXry (comb. form 2fl Scorch 27 Greed T 2 Ceremony 29 Obaerve SI pnar 4 Vtft 41 Canadian hillndea 42 Chilean workman 4.1 Metal 44 Weathercock 4 Chopped cabhafe 47 Wither! 4ft tedl M Stomach 11 Poem many times over. It promoted growth. When TVA legislation was be fore Congress in 11)33, E. A. Yates of Dixon-Yates fame testified in opposition to TVA because there was already a 66 per cent over production capacity of private power in the area and he could see no market for more. But within seven years, TVA had douhled the private consumption level. By 1953 it had increased 17 times. Today TVA's total steam and hydroelectric power capacity is over 5 times what it was in 1KB. In 1934 TVA began healing homes w ith electricity in the tow n of Morris, wilh rate schedules de signed for it. Private utilities at first regarded this as crazy, but today they vigorously promote it. TVA's purchases of low-bid for eign electric generating equipment caused American manufacturers lo sharpen their pencils and he come competitive. Of far more value than its pio neering in the electrical industry. TVA has set a national and inter national pattern lor multiple pur pose water control, flood preven tion, navigation, recreation, refor estation and the shift of agricul ture from row crops like corn and cottun to cover crops that conserve water.- The million Ions of cargo car ried on the Tennessee River sys tem in 1933 has grown to 12 mil lion tons and will double by 1975. In 19.b7, with 25 inches of rain fall in 21 days, TVA met its most severe flood control test by man agement of stream flow from its 31 dams, six of which are pri vately owned but TVA operated. Along the 10.000 miles of shore line on these artificial lakes and reservoirs, recreation . facilities have been provided for 42-million person-days of fun a year at 350 resort and camp areas. Above everything else, an ade quate water supply has been pro vided for both family and indus trial use now and in the years ahead. Before Congress now is a bill to provide $20 million for financing water resource research and plan ning to meet the needs of Amer ica's still increasing population. If this money can be used as efficiently as TVA has used its funds over the past 30" years it should be an investment paying multiple dividends. STRICTLY PERSONAL holiest nights and simply swel tered there was no alternative if we wanted to see the film And nobody walked out because it was loo hot " This is another aspect of a problem I touched upon In a re cent column on the ball-point pen and the proliferation of prod ucts in our society. Never before in human history have so many "luxuries" been transformed into "necessities" in such a short time and over such a hroad per centage of the population. There is a real cleavage, a pro found paradox, between our Puri tan heritage of hard work, of sweat and suffering for the goods of the earth, and our modern economy, which is devoted to the effortless, the pleasant, the gratifying, the automatic. W'nen the conservative com plainsand accurately that the old-fashioned notions of hard work have gone hy the hoards, he neglects lo add that the most prevalent product of capilalism has been "making life easier" in a technical sense for the grealest number of people. Nobody today will put up wilh 'ack of air conditioning, even tlrough a mere generation ago it was almost unheard of. We live in an era when comfort, ease and automatic manipulation are taken for granted, and sweat is an ugly word Our social and economic system has made this possible, as nowhere else in the world and therefore is it to he wholly unepecled that the tradi tion of sweal and toil is losing all ir.s force in our national ethos There are internal contradic tions in every system thai weak en it and threaten its very sur vival: Indeed, the internal con tractions in any system are usu ally more responsible lor its downfall than any outside threai. Roman civilization decayed at the core lor.g before the barbarians were able to invade and conquer il. We (are the lask of reconciling our contradiction, of solving our own paradoxes: for ui the end these may prove more disastrous to our weilare than the external menace of communism. The bene fits we have achieved are enor mous, but we have scarcely he sun to examine the price we are p.iyng It them.
