PACK I
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon
Tuesday, April 30, 1961
EDSON IN WASHINGTON
All in Favor, Push a Button!'
Tennessee Valley
Conflict Lingers
The term "escalating expenditures" is a
vague cover for runaway government spend
ing. You get it in Washington. You get it in the
states. What it means is that the government
keeps getting bigger and bigger and spend
ing more and more.
At the state level, a typical example is the
steadily swelling load of pupils in the schools.
In many states this means inescapably heavier
assistance from government sources.
There are other kinds of escalation. Some
times new programs are started almost on a
pilot basis, with modest expenditures for the
first year and carefully planned increases over
a span of time.
Now how does all this fit into the spend
ing debate?
It Is important because a good many gov
ernors, especially some who are getting shot
at for proposing higher budgets, claim that a
substantial part of the increase they seek is
compelled by these "built-in" escalations.
Though the same argument is made now
and then at the federal level, it tends to get
drowned out by other points. Nevertheless,
Observers often say it Is unwise to com
pare U.S. and British political partita because
of the obvious differences between the two
countries in size, population make-up, geo
graphic variety, and the like.
Nevertheless, Dr. William Prendcrgast,
able research director of the Republican Na
tional Committee, has just made an on-they
spot comparison of this sort and finds in Bri
tain some fruitful materials for hopeful party
builders here at home.
Though now in evidently increasing dif
ficulties, the British Conservative party has
ruled that nation for almost 12 unbroken years.
For this and other reasons, Prendcrgast gave
the Conservatives major attention.
What struck him as most meaningful for
this country were those things which tended
above all to infuse the Conservative party with
a real sense of stability and continuity.
1. The Conservatives draw regular, re
liable financial backing from some two million
virtual dues-paying party members, most of
whose contributions range from 50 cents to $5
a year.
2. With this solid, sure underpinning, the
PVty is truly professionalized. Year around,
election season or not, it maintains a large, ef
ficient, permanent staff to keep the party or
ganization vigorous, alert, continuously func
IN WASHINGTON
Jly RAU'll de TOUtDA.NO
however much the Pentagon
may claim th.it it Is not pulling
all its reliance on nuclcir mis
siles and nuclear warh-rads. a
careful look at the mililaiy hudg
el shows that the U.S. is steadily
rutting back it so-called conven
tional forces It is also not giv
ing though! to new and devastat
ing methods ol destruction which
might make nuclear warfare old
fashioned and leave this country
helpless.
hour Admiral Cecil H. Coggini.
the retired chief of the Navy's
Alimic Bacteriological Chemical
Warfare section, has been trying
lo convince his onclime colleagues
at the Pentagon that they are ob
lessed by nuclear weapons. He
points out lh.it the U.S. lead in
nuclear-armed missiles is so great
thai, barring acceptance of phony
Soviet disarmament proosals. we
face little foreseeable competition.
On tin basis of reliable Intel
ligence reports, however, it be
comes clear that the Soviets have
an aieinlhe hole. Their aecrel
waon Is not Uie loo-megaton
bomb but chemical and biological
warfare, in which they hate In
vetted great sums of money.
In tlie ast. I briefly noted a
few of 11 ie fails about Soviet ad
vances in tins field. Even t small
part of the story Is frightening,
hut more careful scrutiny ol
what we already know opens vis
las of horror. Here Is some ol
the background:
In the last days of World War
II, the Nans daveloped three
nerve gasses, T.tnun, Sarin, and
Soman. They could not be detect
ed by the human senses, and
caused death in less than a min
ute. The Hcd Army captured a
lahun plant intact and moved
it to Die Soviet Union. This gas
is now the standard Soviet nerve
gas, and the Kremlin has stock
pile of more than Sn.OOO tons.
(On droplet of Tabun can lull '
The Soviets have also dcvel
ope4 what are called "psycho
gatses," which cause tomixirary
Automatic Bankruptcy
British Practice Sound
tioning.
For instance, the Conservatives employ
some 50 regular party researchers, against
Prendcrgast's mere handful at GOP headquar
ters. 3. As part of its profcssionalization, yet
deserving of an important separate note, the
organization plants in every single British par
liamentary constituency a "party agent"
a full time, paid party worker whose task is
to collect party funds, handle countless rou
tine organization matters, generally serve as
the permanent "party presence" at the grass
roots.
By contrast, our party organizations are
usually thinlv parchmented skeletons which
suddenly inflate to bulbous life in general
election years. We tap the affluent fellows for
big money, never sure from time to time which
ones will cough up.
Our campaigns are far costlier, of course,
because of heavy travel and television charges.
In Britain, specified television time is free to
the parties in voting season and out.
Whatever the differences in scale, British
efforts to introduce stability, continuity and
professional competence into party organiza
tion may well be worth copying. We have
muddled through on a "feast or famine" basis
far too long.
Standard Force
blindness, paralysis, deafness. In
aerosol sprays, they spread across
terrain like a fog. and their ef
fects Inst for as long as 24 hours.
Soviet military leaders have ex
pressed a "special Interest" in
these "psychochemicals." which
can permit them to take over cit
ies without destroying them or the
potential future slaves to keep the
economy alive.
According to Admiral Coggins.
live Soviets have some W plants
turning out the newest psycho
gasses. and he also notes that
"fully 15 per cent ol the total of
Russian military munitions" Is in
this grisly set of weaions. So
viet Army units are thoroughly
trained in protective measures
aeainst these gasscs and M mil
lion civilians have received a re
quired a hours in Instruction and
practical defensive exercises. Pro
tective gas masks are slocked at
all industrial sites.
As opposed to this, tie U.S. set
up a plant near Denver to manu
facture Sarin. But the complaints
of "humanitarians" and those who
feared contamination forced U S.
Chemical Warfare to shut It down.
Another plant is no under con
sli uction. Civ il Defense has failed
In mass produce gas masks and
those lor the military are. lo quote
Admiral Coggins, "locked up as
tightly as were tin ammunition
boxes at Pearl Harbor."
Biological warlare oilers the
Soviets another substitute lor
ICBMs. Modern 'svhniques have
been developed to deliver toxins,
cultures, and bacteria In aerosol
lorm by generators carried in
planes or on submarines. These
generators, fitted with log nonlei.
can spread a line mist covering
Ml square miles from 40 gallons
of the compressed agents. Given
proper wind conditions, such a
cloud could be formed at sea
and allowed to drift over any
American port city. Depending on
the nature of the agent used, the
population could be wiped out or
temporarily incapacitated. One bil
lionth of a gram of certain lever
budget specialists on all sides of the spending
debate do agree that automatic escalation is
not uncommon to the federal budget.
If the arguments are to be weighed prop
erly, the citizen needs to know how big a fac
tor these built-in increases really are. Should
they represent a marked percentage of budget,
hikes, then the executive establishments, state
and federal, would seem to have a legitimate
point.
Executives, even when they have promot
ed the programs involved, can hardly be
handed full blame for increases which were
approved by clear legislative majorities in
prior years.
In this connection, it would be interesting
to single out the politicians who are most vo
cal against government spending, and match
their well-publicized economy shouts against
their voting records on measures with built-in
escalation features. Embarrassment might
prove more than occasional.
Obviously much more reporting research
needs to be done in this field. There is today
too much verbal noise about escalating ex
penditures and almost no hard substance.
Cutback
cultures, when breathed in. are
sufficient to infect
American scientists and military
experts in chemical and biological
warlare are well aware of the
possibilities of these new weapons.
On paper, moreover, the U.S. is
as advances! as the Soviet Union.
The capabilities are there. But
no olfensive or delensive meas
ures are planned in large part
because it is considered "inhu
mane " It is estimated that less
than one per cent of the Penta
gon's budget is expended in psy
chochemical and biological re
search and preparation.
Compared to nuclear weapons,
chemical and biological agents
cost almost nothing. They are, in
the long run. less permanently de
structive. They serve an Import
ant military lunctton. This may
account lor Soviet complacency
over the Kremlin's chronic mis
sile gap.
Almanac
Bv United Press International
Today is Tuesday. April 50. tlie
120th day ol lKvl with 14 more
Ir. follow.
Tlie moon is at first quarter
Tlie morning stars are Venus
and Saturn.
The evening stars are Mercury
and Mars.
Today in history:
In 17m, George Washington look
the oath of ollice in New York
City and was swnrn In as the
lu st President ol the I niled
Slates
In 181 J. Louisiana was admitted
to the Union as the IMh slate
In 1900. tabled Casey Jones, the
"Brave Engineer," was killed
when his train coliided with a
(i eight (rain at Vaughn, Miss
In I04S. Nan dictator Adolf Hit
ler committed suicide in a bunker
j: Berlin
A thought for the riav French
Fmpcmr Napoleon Bonaparte
said "From the sublime to the
ridiculous ts Nil a step"
Other
Editors Say ...
Too Many Flunked
(Eugene Register-Guard)
The Oregon Highway Users
Conference has been polling the
state's newspaper editors, with
results that aeem to prove three
things; Mi the editors oppose
highway accidents; 2i Ihey
sometimes hold widely varied
opinions about what should be
Hone ti. reduce accidents, and 3
some of them, too many of them,
prefer political direction of Ore
gon's high ay program to the
sound, money-saving practices
w hich have made Oregon s one
of the finest highway systems in
the United States.
In a first OHUC-condiicled poll,
about two months ago, SO-plu
responding editors were sharply
divided on the question of impos
ing a maximum speed law to
augment Oregon's basic sMed
rule. Twenty-eight said "yes";
2.1 said "no." And. while their
vote was overwhelmingly in fa
vor of educational methods of
promoting use of auto seat belts,
the editors linod up 51 to 2 against
compulsory seat belt legislation.
Now, in response to a second
helping of OHUC questionnaires.
Oregon's editors have gone on
record as being mostly in favor
of the principle of "implied con
sent" regarding submission to
tests for drunk driving. Thirty
seven voted "aye' and only 17
"nay to utilization of this lecal
theory that anyone appling for
a driver's license automatically
indicates his willingness to under
go a sobriety test when asked to
do so hy traffic office, s.
Questions dealing with the ad
ministration and financing of Ore
gon's highways also were asked
in this second round of editorial
opinion testing. Results on these
were decisively in favor of main
taining the constitutional require
ment that highway user fees and
taxes be ent only for highways,
state parks and the state police
Rut surprisingly, they indicated
only a 3 2 margin in opposition
t the further use of highway bond
issues to finance specific proj
ects for which regular fund sourc
es cannot immediately provide
Frankly, we wish Oregon's edi
tors would wake up to the perils
of deficit highway financing to
some extent approximating their
awareness of the .indesirabiltty
of traffic accidents. 11 them be
divided inut .tmi ami tat belt
laws. The driving puhlic. after
all. will still be somewhat pro
tected by the basic rule and by
(lie right to have seat belts as
self-protection devices. But, as
long as only three out of five
editors see the pitfalls that lie
ahead in pork-barrel control of
highway financing via special
project bond issues, we II remain
skeptical about the abilities of
the others lo understand even the
rudimrnts of the Oregon Irivers'
Manual
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
e) tVhal eacagemenl was
? as "Tlie Battle ( Three
FniBerers?"
A The Battle of Austerliti in
which the French under Napoleon
defeated the allied Austrian and
Russian forces under Francis II
and Alexander I.
Q ft hat 4a churchmen mean
f the Cane ct the' Bible?
A It is the word used for those
books ol the Scnptuies which are
believed to he inspired hy Cod.
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Is tlie Guantanamo Bay Naval
Station Caribbean headquar
ters for the U.S. Navy to be
surrendered to Fidel Castro?
Reporters who call the White
House to check out this fantastic
report are referred to the Pen
tagon. Spokesmen there send
newsmen lo the Department of
Stale. Reporters are then told
the story is "absurd."
Officials at Foggy Bottom ad
mit, however, that negotiations
are now under way for a "sub
marine testing station" on Andros
Island, located a few miles off
Nassau.
The Knight newspapers, in an
exclusive story only last week,
revealed that the U.S. and Great
Britain were negotiating a con
tract lor construction and lease
of the Andros Island station.
Tlie newspapers quoted a "Mi
ami source" to the effect that
Andros Island would be "used
as the Navy's Caribbean head
quarters should U.S. forces ever
abandon Guantanamo."
Contractors now surveying the
island s facilities report the Navy
openly concedes it could become
a second Guantanamo.
Ousting Uncle Sam from the
4.Vsquare-miles of Guantanamo
Ray has long been Fidel Castro's
goal. "We have stated more than
once and we repeat our right to
recover that territory," a Castro
lackey told the U.N. last year.
"That region was torn from us
following an American incur
sion." The fads are otherwise. A
treaty signed in 19.14 gives the
I S right to occupy Guantanamo
B.iy until both countries decide to
abrogate that treaty.
One of the few Amcrkens al
leged to lavor "negotiations" on
Guantanamo is U N. Ambassador
Adlai Slevenson. In their much
puhlicned Saturday Evening Post
article of last fall. Stewart Alsop
and Charles Bartlett reported
that Stevenson favored a surren
der of Guantanamo as a means
to negotiate general disarmament
and reduce tensions.
In a subsequent article. Alsop
revealed that his story had been
cleared by Clayton Fritchey, Ste
venson s top U.N. aide, wilh
whom he had spoken at length
three times. Alsop said Fritchey
approved this summary of Ste
venson's position:
"Stevenson was only willing to
discuss Guantanamo and the Eu
ropean bases with the Commu
nists after a neutraluation of the
t'uhan missiles."
When last December I sent my
associate. Bill Schuli. In Guan
tanamo Bay. he came back to
report that military leaders were
Iraiful thai some Stevenson-type
"deal " would be completed.
For Guantanamo Bay, in the
words ol the Defense Department,
"pinvides an excellent base in
support ol essential fleet oper
ations." Almost perfect year-round cli
mate, uncongested sea and air
space, and close proximity lo the
United Stales, all combine to pro
vide a training base which has
no eiiial n. the Atlantic For this
reason, most ships ol the Atlantic
Fleet visit Guantanamo each
year for training
Guantanamo guards the Wind
ward Passage between Cuba and
Haiti, by all odds the most trav
cicd ol the maritime defiles
which connect the Caribbean with
the Atlantic.
For this reason alone, Guanta
WASHINGTON REPORT . . .
Guantanamo Deal
Appears In Making
namo would be of vital impor
tance in protecting American
shipping in wartime not only
ships using the Panama Canal,
but also the oil tankers from
Gulf ports and Venezuela.
George Fielding Eliot, the dis
tinguished naval historian, writes
of "Gitmo": "Against an oppo
nent possessing a large numher
of submarines such as the So
viet Union i a base close to such
a major focal point as the Wind
ward Passage would be of ma
jor value.
"Many of the smaller anti-submarine
craft and shore-based air
craft are of limited range: the
closer their base to the focal
areas where submarines gather
lo seek their prey, the better pro
tection they can give."
It is foolhardy to argue, that
bases at Andros Island, in Puer
to Rico and the Virgin Islands,
would do as well. The base at
Guantanamo helps form a stra
tegic triangle upon which the so-,
curity of the Caribbean is found
ed. The strongest point and main
support of this triangle is Guan
tanamo i Puerto Rico and Trini
dad are the others'. Without
Guantanamo, both Puerto Rico
and Trinidad become exposed
and dangerously isolated in terms
of a submarine war.
Writes Eliot: "There is also
lo be considered the progressive
reductions in force over the past
years which have cut the local
defenses of the Panama Canal
virtually to lero. The Canal it
self must he defended against at
tack from tlie Atlantic side hy
denying the Caribbean to any en
emy." This only "Gitmo" can do
so well.
Young Actress
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BtthuiM 40 Card
S ta tenia art 41 Full
aen en vidto 42 Stream
I A student nun 4 Black Sea ctty
la hr 49 AIertaa
cuatoman' aeaport
12 Short Jacket M Witticism
IS Mineral rock
52 Fish tauc
14 Biblical nam
13 Commumau)
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17 Favorite
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M Fruit drink
M Small pastry
to Heavy blow
tl MaacutiTM
nickname
56 Penult hp
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nvmpha
70 Sheriff ! rtaff
21 Snead'a mound
22 Thrmith
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31 Sh m Th
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.11 Fired, as a fun
92 Contend
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2 Roman road
1 Protuberant
4 Handled
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By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn. '
WASHINGTON NEA i Tennes
see Valley Authority will be 30
years old May 18.
Celebrations and oratory are be
ing planned. Literature on the
TVA "experiment" is appearing,
pro and con.
Whether you approve of it or
not. TVA is admittedly one of the
seven wonders of America . and
an eighth wonder of the world.
W hen the King of Morocco came
to the United States, he stopped
to see TVA before coming to Wash
ington. At the end of World War II
a party of European journalists
came to Washington direct from
TVA at the end of a transconti
nental junket. They were from
different political parties, and they
had seen through partisan eyes
the great Tennessee River with
its dams and power lines, electri
fied farms, navigation channels
and flood control works.
To the liberals. TVA showed
what a democratic government
and society could do when they
went to work lor the people. To
the socialists. TVA was pure
Marxism. To the Communists, it
was fulfillment of the Leninist
Stalinist dream: only Russia could
do it better. To the conserva
tives, this was big business that
could be created only in a free
enterprise, capitalistic economy.
They all got into such a heated
argument about it that when they
reached Washington they weren't
speaking to each other.
This illustrates as well as any
thing the point that TVA is con
troversial. And in its 30th an
niversary observance this month
there probably will be some sour
notes that it is so anti-American
it should be broken up and sold
to private power companies.
The best justification of TVA is
that it works. But as a matter of
speculation, if a completely un
biased jury could be given the
case, it might be found that the
competitive private enterprise
system owes a great debt to Ten
nessee Valley Authority.
TVA woke up the private pow
er industry to its potential. It
showed what could be done with
rural electrification. It showed
that lower power rates will in
crease consumption and increase
the sale of electric appliances
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
"I was in F'lorida last month."
said the woman next to me at
the dinner table, "and we attend
ed a benefit preview of a new
film. Just as it started, the air
conditioning system broke down
and more than half the audi
ence walked out and went home."
"That's to be expected," I mur
mured. "I suppose it is." she said,
"hut. you know, all the people
there were my age or older
which means that they grew up
without any air conditioning at
all. We went to movies on the
AntwF to Prtvtotm PuttI
lOUnd parcel! .17 Kitchen tool
11 Fjwential twinf MCoal acuttl
) tiow haunt
.10 Fancr
20 NuiMfic
22 Needy
2.1 Hufe
24 Froater
2iXry (comb.
form
2fl Scorch
27 Greed T
2 Ceremony
29 Obaerve
SI pnar
4 Vtft
41 Canadian
hillndea
42 Chilean
workman
4.1 Metal
44 Weathercock
4 Chopped
cabhafe
47 Wither!
4ft tedl
M Stomach
11 Poem
many times over. It promoted
growth.
When TVA legislation was be
fore Congress in 11)33, E. A. Yates
of Dixon-Yates fame testified in
opposition to TVA because there
was already a 66 per cent over
production capacity of private
power in the area and he could
see no market for more.
But within seven years, TVA had
douhled the private consumption
level. By 1953 it had increased
17 times. Today TVA's total steam
and hydroelectric power capacity
is over 5 times what it was in
1KB.
In 1934 TVA began healing
homes w ith electricity in the tow n
of Morris, wilh rate schedules de
signed for it. Private utilities at
first regarded this as crazy, but
today they vigorously promote it.
TVA's purchases of low-bid for
eign electric generating equipment
caused American manufacturers
lo sharpen their pencils and he
come competitive.
Of far more value than its pio
neering in the electrical industry.
TVA has set a national and inter
national pattern lor multiple pur
pose water control, flood preven
tion, navigation, recreation, refor
estation and the shift of agricul
ture from row crops like corn
and cottun to cover crops that
conserve water.-
The million Ions of cargo car
ried on the Tennessee River sys
tem in 1933 has grown to 12 mil
lion tons and will double by 1975.
In 19.b7, with 25 inches of rain
fall in 21 days, TVA met its most
severe flood control test by man
agement of stream flow from its
31 dams, six of which are pri
vately owned but TVA operated.
Along the 10.000 miles of shore
line on these artificial lakes and
reservoirs, recreation . facilities
have been provided for 42-million
person-days of fun a year at 350
resort and camp areas.
Above everything else, an ade
quate water supply has been pro
vided for both family and indus
trial use now and in the years
ahead.
Before Congress now is a bill to
provide $20 million for financing
water resource research and plan
ning to meet the needs of Amer
ica's still increasing population.
If this money can be used as
efficiently as TVA has used its
funds over the past 30" years it
should be an investment paying
multiple dividends.
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
holiest nights and simply swel
tered there was no alternative
if we wanted to see the film
And nobody walked out because
it was loo hot "
This is another aspect of a
problem I touched upon In a re
cent column on the ball-point pen
and the proliferation of prod
ucts in our society. Never before
in human history have so many
"luxuries" been transformed into
"necessities" in such a short
time and over such a hroad per
centage of the population.
There is a real cleavage, a pro
found paradox, between our Puri
tan heritage of hard work, of
sweat and suffering for the goods
of the earth, and our modern
economy, which is devoted to
the effortless, the pleasant, the
gratifying, the automatic.
W'nen the conservative com
plainsand accurately that the
old-fashioned notions of hard
work have gone hy the hoards,
he neglects lo add that the most
prevalent product of capilalism
has been "making life easier"
in a technical sense for the
grealest number of people.
Nobody today will put up wilh
'ack of air conditioning, even
tlrough a mere generation ago
it was almost unheard of. We
live in an era when comfort, ease
and automatic manipulation are
taken for granted, and sweat is
an ugly word Our social and
economic system has made this
possible, as nowhere else in the
world and therefore is it to he
wholly unepecled that the tradi
tion of sweal and toil is losing all
ir.s force in our national ethos
There are internal contradic
tions in every system thai weak
en it and threaten its very sur
vival: Indeed, the internal con
tractions in any system are usu
ally more responsible lor its
downfall than any outside threai.
Roman civilization decayed at the
core lor.g before the barbarians
were able to invade and conquer
il.
We (are the lask of reconciling
our contradiction, of solving our
own paradoxes: for ui the end
these may prove more disastrous
to our weilare than the external
menace of communism. The bene
fits we have achieved are enor
mous, but we have scarcely he
sun to examine the price we are
p.iyng It them.