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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (Jan. 31, 1961)
PAGB t HERALD AND NEWS, KJamath Falls, On. Tuesday, January 31, 1961 SDSON IN WASHINGTON Reds Busy With Foreign Aid Plan 'Oh, No!" President Kennedy would seem to have at least a double purpose in declaring his pref erence for quiet diplomacy. In the short range he wants to forestall any quick rush to the summit with Soviet Pre mier Khrushchev. It is his view that a stiffen . ing of America's defense posture is required before we will be equipped to go to the summit on a footing suitable to our objectives. Kennedy also is anxious to avoid early "meetings even with Allied heads of govern ment. His administration is currently engaged in the exploration and development of policies : and programs. With the approaches still so nebulous, it is no time to sit down with Prime Minister Macmillan, Chancellor Adenauer or President De Gaulle. Beyond these immediate ends, however, the President appears bent on a general up grading of the diplomatic corps. The intent to rely more heavily on what are called "normal diplomatic channels" meaning diplomats at the ambassadorial level and even lower represents a distinct turning away from the highly publicized personal dip lomacy that came into vogue in World War II under Franklin D. Roosevelt. Drama and excitement inevitably sur rounded any kind of summit meeting. This was perhaps all to the good, to the extent that it stirred general world public concern for the issues of war and peace. It would be comforting to know that we ; really have the Soviet Communists boxed in l-and perfectly stalemated. Unhappily' it isn't j;so. Their overt aggressions are largely halted, jbut they continuously devise insidious new techniques of subversion. One of the things they appear to have learned lately is that if you cannot defeat a man you can sometimes make him at least a partial captive. The case of U.S. Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold is an example. The Russians failed in their persistent i Later Primaries (Tha Oregon Statwrran) Speaker Robert Duncan recommends holding primary elections in September. This would shorten the election campaigns, which now, with the primaries in May and close for filings in March, consume, for successful can-' didates in the primaries, virtually a whole year. A real attempt for later primaries was made in 1939-40. It was urged with great vigor by the late Ralph Watson, long political writer for the Oregon Journal. The 1939 Assembly passed a bill which moved the primary elec tions back to September. To provide for dele gates to national conventions it set up, party conventions at which such delegates would be chosen. Foes of any change in the direct primary system had the bill referred and it was defeated with a vote of 156,1 for and 221,203 against. Now that the Democrats have revived the convention idea the chance of enacting such a measure into law may be much better. We favored the 1939 measure, and would support it again if offered. Duncan might reach back in the files and dust off this Watson bill and offer it to the Assembly and to the public. THEY SAY . . . Nothi could be more dangerous to our democratic ideals than, the es tablishment of an all-powerful police agency on the federal scene. J. Edgar Hoover. No Arab country would recognize 11.. 4 I. 4 I l..4nl ... We Arabs make a great distinc tion between Jews as such, who live among us peacefully, and Zionists. Lebanese Prime Minister Sacb Sa , laam. I believe that the atmosphere of. the Cold War has worsened. Neverthe less, it Is most satisfying for me to have teen the growth of a bloc of uncom mitted nations . . . which the great powers must take into account. Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia. I would like to make it clear to our American friends that we will not re- treat from Quemoy and Matsu under any circumstances or at anybody's sug gestion. Yang Kung-tah, Nationalist Chinese parliament member. Out Of The Limelight But there have been unhappy by-products. In too many quarters such high level meetings have come to be viewed as the be-all and end-all of diplomacy. " The truth is that by their very nature, summit conferences can seldom came to grips with more than the surface aspects of vital policy. Most issues are so complex they rtqu.'te weeks and weeks, of detailed negotia tion at the technical as well as at the high policy level. . Worse still, summit meetings are held in a goldfish bowl wired for sound. Almost any position taken must be a position adhered to. The natural resiliency of true diplomatic ne gotiation is impossible to attain in the spot light glare. This does not mean there is never any point to a summit meeting. In the proper circumstances it is obviously useful for heads of state, both in friendly and in opposing camps, to exchange views personally. It is also valuable for them on critical occasions to put their personal stamp on a major world diplomatic settlement. But the hard fundamentals of diplomacy may be best achieved in the quiet channels where the play of public light is not so bright and cold as to freeze the diplomats in rigid posture. N Skilled In Fraud effort to unseat Hammarskjold in the U.N. But they have raised so much fuss about him that he must now bend over backwards to avoid giving the Reds ammunition for their charge that he has acted in the Congo in an un-neulral manner. , To illustrate, Rajeshwar Dayal of India, the secretary general's personal representa tive in the Congo, is considered to be hostile to any Western influence in that area and to be opposed to the U.N.-endorscd Kasavubu government. Hammarskjold evidently feels . powerless to try to correct the situation. , Implicit in all their recent Congo maneu vers is a device the Communists seem to be using with increasing effectiveness. They begin by lending some kind of il- legal, subversive assistance to Red elements in a troubled land like the Congo or Laos. Naturally, Western nations respond in an ef fort to protect their own interests. ' Wisely, however, they generally resort ' to the U.N. They may selfishly hope that its action coincides with their interests, but in theory at least the U.N. is thought to be the genuine protector of the smaller countries. At this point the Kremlin jumps in and demands "neutrality" in all actions affecting the troubled area. But it is quickly discovered that "neutrality to them means that all others keep hands off as they press their schemes for control or conquest. It's a neat game. Begin with wrongdoing and then question the neutrality of all who thereafter dare oppose your misdeeds. The wonder is that such patent frauds find receptive minds in the vulnerable Asian African lands, and especially in India. More and more, India's alleged political sophistica tion begins to seem merely skin deep. ;' All the emerging peoples of the world will learn, if they have not already, that what Communists will do to them if they get the chance goes a great deal deeper than the skin. Actress ACROSS 1 Actress, Anita 7 She to a tar 19 Harvutar 14 Esglss' neata 15 Live 16 Bartara n.Spoclil (ab.) 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' IL- ATr 5.tiy.Xll3'J!l-B.I.B. ri fl X r m a r. r l e r Ape TgAll g I i i U 16 It I IT It It 110 111 lit ii ij ?nirD'r" arr 2i pr.u !T H lis 13" p H aPTpT 3j A-J a a 3 jjfjj 1 ' 1 3 w 4i ui i V-'-i n u. w iu 1 Q h?--3T S 3 w n I I I I I i i i i i i " Economic, Political Pressure Complicates Brazilian Picture - Editor's Note; Brazil, most populous nation in the Western Hemisphere after the United States, enters a new era Tuesday with inauguration of a president exactly the age of President Ken nedy. Here is a report on the prospects, written by AP's globe trotting news analyst, currently on a tour of Latin America. By WILLIAM L. RYAN Associated Press News Analyst RIO DE JANEIRO AP A new leadership is about to take over in Brazil, a stirring giant of a country where thinking people seem suddenly aware of its vast possibilities and its growing com ; plcx of political and economic ; dangers. Janio Quadros, school-teacher-Ish, enigmatic man sometimes called a political genius, takes his oath as president Tuesday. He will plunge into a sea of trouble. Time is his most urgent need, and he hasn't much of it in which to perform on the promises and hopes which elected him to office, just a few of his problems: Brazil suffers from a variety of agricultural crises. A violent in flation outruns lower and middle incomes. A struggle is in pros pect with labor, now the target of increased Communist pressure. There is a dangerous bread crisis , in the offing. A variety of ex ternal pressures can force Quad ros to compromise with leftists and extremists. And some of the potentialities: Many Brazilians seem deter mined to awaken their country from a long apathy that brought economic stagnation. They see now a chance to open up the huge undeveloped interior and make Brazil, in a matter of a decade, a mighty force in the world. They see a chance for reforms attack ing the enormous evils of poverty and disease. Brazilians express concern with the growth of Communist strength In the labor movement and espe cially in the poor northeast among despairing farmers living on the razor edge of starvation.' "flie Communists are relatively small in numbers possibly 40.000 or so for .a nation of 60 million, but Uiey make up for that in or ganization and discipline. They have a hold on the leadership of many a labor union. Brazilians are concerned, too, with a perceptible undercurrent of unrest Dial can rise to I he sur face any time, particularly if there should, be a new wheat crisis. Brazil imports her wheat. But now she no longer can allord the outlay of foreign exchange for import of food. Only hasty action by the United States is staving off a wheal crisis now, and an other may rise again in six more months. Communism is considered, both hy Brazilians and foreign ob servers, a much greater danger than Castroism. Communists have been making alliances with na tionalist elements. The party grows stronger rapidly, and this may have been a (actor in de ciding Quadros to make gestures in the direction of Fidel Castro of Cuba. He visited Caslro in Havana last March but said later he would be the first to condemn a Com munist Cuba. Caslro himself normally would have little impact in Rrazil The Yankee baiting Cuban prime min ister considered an unbalanced young upstart by many Brazilians. In addition, Brazil has been a good friend of the United States possibly the best in the hemis phere. Brazilians themselves are peace-loving, outgiving and friendly. . But Castroism has an indirect impact by demonstrating (he po tency of violent action in focusing attention on nations' woes. That is how the Communists of Brazil use Castroism. The Communists appear to de test Quadros. and his election was a setback for them. There OTHER ' EDITORS' OPINIONS': Full Time University (DREGONIAN) EducHtors, taxpayers and stu dents alike may profitably take note of an experiment in accel erated education in the East. For the past 18 months, the Univer sity of Pittsburgh has been offer ing at the student's discretion a "trimester" program under which (he regular school year is ex tended from nine to II months divided inlo three semesters. A stu dent, is enabled to complete the regular undergraduate course In less than three years and to ob tain a master's degree in one year. Experience has been promising. More than 40 other colleges over the nation are considering similar changes to use more intensively the facilities' of higher education in this period of critical enroll ments. Pitt has found that its over head costs are less per student credit hour, that a greater num ber of students can be accommo dated without sacrifice of stan dards of quality, that annual foe- ' nl t y earnings total substantially more, and that there is a mini mum of idle lime for classrooms and laboratories. The academic year in the Unit ed States, at all levels of educa tion, was established in an agricul tural era. Teachers and students were needed in the fields in the summer month. The circum stances are much different today. There is a serious question wheth er our schools elementary, sec ondary and higher education should remain one of the nation's lew endeavors not on a full lime basis, considering that lime is becoming such a vauable com modity in education. Amos 'NT Andy Bookkeeping (IXni'-TTRlAL NEWS REVIEW) Expansion of the social security system to include medical care for elderly persons offers some loiigh nuts to crack. Experience shows that in politics things are advocated (hat are unworkable. Richard Staines, columnist for the Wnshincton Daily News, reveals some not very comfort ing statis tics on the entiie social security set-up. "In its first quarter cen tury," he savs, "social security took in 70 billion dollars. It paid out 50 billion dollars of that, and has 20 billion dollars ol govern ment bonds in the kitty. Against that 20 billion dollars there are obligations, at the present rate of benefits, of 3f0 billion dollars." Q If you wonder how the social security system has reached such are indications they will do their best to give him a bad time as quickly as possible, primarily in , the field of labor. Some Brazilians say Quadros' expressed intention of renewing diplomatic relations with the U.S.S.R. and recognizing Red Chi na indicates an attempt to buy time, to keep extremists off his back while he turns attention to -cures for Brazil's major economic troubles. Quadros would be unworried by the label of "neutralism," a vague word at best. In Brazil, recogniz ing the Red nations likely would be regarded as an expression of national sovereignty and independ ent policy and not necessarily 'turning away from friendship with the United States. , Given a little time, Quadros likely will attack the biggest prob lem, inflation, first. This may re quire some austerity measures. When he tries this he can expect trouble from labor, egged on by Communist union leadership. Brazilian law limits union ac tivity. The labor ministry can in tervene in union affairs. Yet there have been strikes recently, even against the government.' in defi ance of the law. And there will be a drive for union independence from the labor ministry, whose efforts under President Juscclino Kubitschek kept Communist influ- . ence from growing more swiftly. It seems likely the Communists and extreme nationalists will try to engender anti-Yankeeism, a de vice by which many a politician blames his own failures upon the United States. They can claim, for example, that U.S. failure to take anything but a trickle of Brazil's glut of sugar had a direct bear ing on the grain crisis by making it impossible for Brazil to find the foreign exchange needed for wheat. There is growing Soviet and Red Chinese interest in Brazil. H would be no surprise if before long the U.S.S.R. approached Bra zil with a deal something like the one made with Bolivia, for con structing a steel plant. That would be a popular move here, and it would give the Russians another foot inside Latin America's door. Quadros, at 43. the same age as President Kennedy, w ill have his hands full. a pass the answer is simple. Mr. Stames cites a not unusual case a pensioner who paid for three years, starting in 1937. Then he retired. Since then he and his late wife toccther have drawn $13,490 in ben"lils while their total contri butions lo the fund had been $40 But in the case of young people starting to work circumstances are reversed. They can never hope to take out ns much as they are forced to contribute. There is little justification for further taxing, in the name of social security, already overtaxed younger workers to provide medi cal care for millions of elderly persons who are both able and willing to care for themselves. Sen. Harry F. Byrd. a distin guished Democrat who has as ureal an undei-t.mding of the fiscal problems of the federal gov ernment as any man. does not mince words, "f am opposed to . . . compulsory medical service and hospitalization under the So cial Security System. I am con vinced this would lead lo social ised medicine with (he possibility that it would bankrupt the social security trust fund." By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. ' WASHINGTON (NEA) Pres- ident Kennedy's inauguration promise to seek new. foundations for a disarmament agreement needs to be weighed against Com- munist bloc arms aid to new na tions, neutrals and revolutionary movements w hich the Reds are trying to swing into their camp for world domination. Mast recent example is Russia's arms drop to the Communist Pa thet Lao revolutionists in Laos. Sino-Soviet arms aid in the last six years exceeds one billion dol lars to 10 countries, along with about three billion in economic aid to those same 10, and 11 oth er countries. Eisenhower's ' final report to Congress on the U.S. mutual se curity program for the fiscal year ending last June 30 put the value of Communist bloc military assis tance at 823 million dollars. Since that time, Russia has promised 300 million dollars' worth of military aid to Indonesia. A primary objective of President Sukarno's government is to wrest control of West Irian (New Guin ea' from the Netherlands. Russian and Czechoslovakian military assistance to Cuba in the last six months is estimated at SO million dollars. The value of Russian and Com munist Chinese military aid to support the Algerian nationalists in their revolution for indepen dence from France is unknown. It is mostly small arms ship ments, which have been stepped up in recent months. The Russians are also report ed to be shipping arms to Lu mumba supporters in the Congo, in direct opposition to U.N. ef forts to bring stability to that new nation. Arid (here have been offers and gifts for Red arms to Morocco, Guinea, Sudan and oth er new nations of Africa. All this Communist bloc mili tary assistance is of particular interest in view of recent Mos cow revelations on long range Russian policies for establishing Communist supremacy throughout the world. First publication of speeches made by Khrushchev to represen tatives of (he 81 Communist par ties that met in Moscow last No vember show that previously de clared disarmament and peaceful coexistence policies are complete shams. These peace policies arc No Larceny Compares With Fate Of Dollar By LYLE C. WILSON WASHINGTON (UP1) The grandest larceny ever committed against the citizens of the United States took place during the 16 years from 1938 throOgh 1954. We wuz robbed. The thieves were so numerous as to be faceless. Moreover, events as well as men brought about this grand theft, the most important event having been World War II. To nndersland the enormity of this thing, it is necessary to ac cept for purposes of calculation that the U. S. dollar in 1939 was worth 100 cents in purchasing power. During the 16 years afore-mentioned ending on Dec. 31, 1954, the value of that beautiful buck rot ted to just more than 50 cents. By the end of 1954 the dollar had lost 48.3 cents of its 1939 purchas ing power. An individual who put $100 in the bank in 1939 had only $51.70 in the bank by the end of 1954 although the depositor and the banker both referred to the sum as $100. The income of a $IOO-a-month pensioner likewise had rot ted to $51.70 in that period. Any one's life insurance policy was hit the same way. The man or woman on a fixed income of any kind was robbed. That is why this inflation of the currency, this rotting of the dollar is the grandest larceny. There is no other larceny to com pare with it. By the end of 1954. World War II was almost 10 years in the past, the Korean War w as merged by an uneasy truce into the Cold War. With these condi tions going for him and a sincere desire to protect the value of the citizens' money, Dwight D. Ei senhower was able to apply ef fective brakes to runaway cur rency inflation. Ike held the dollar line pretty well. From the end of 1954 Ihroush May of I9fi0. dollar rot was limited to 4 7 cents. The Ei senhower administration inherited a 51-eent dollar from the Truman administration and bequeathed to (he Kennedy adminislration a dol lar worth about 47 cents. These facts and figures seem to bear on a partisan political dis pute which ran through the cam Intended primarily to disarm lh Western powers. This will, the Reds hope, make Communist world conquest that much easier. And it is to be attained by revo lutionary military action, not by peaceful political negotiation. The U.S. mutual security report lists the following six less-developed, free world countries . v ing received Sino-Soviet bloc mili tary assistance Irom 1D35 to June 30, I960: Afghanistan. 30 million dollars! Iraq. 120 million: Indonesia, 206 million; Yemen, 17 million; Guin ea, one million; United Arab Re publicEgypt and Syria 433 mil lion. The Middle East thus received fits of the 823 million dollars total aid. Since that report was compiled, deliveries to UAR have been in creased by perhaps 20 million dol lars, to Afghanistan by 10 mil lion, to Guinea and Y'emen by (wo to three million. Estimates on the kinds of aid furnished by the Communist bloc are based on military equipment displayed in parades and an nouncements by leaders of the recipient countries. UAR has been the biggest bene ficiary. It has received 50 jet bombers, 150 jet fighters and 100 other aircraft. Fifty heavy tanks, 400 medium tdnks, 100 self-propelled guns and 200 pieces of ar tillery have also gone to UAR. Nasser's navy has received two destroyers, eight submarines and 30 subchasers, mine sweepers and auxiliary craft. Iraq fo-merly a member of the Baghdad Pact before the Kassem revolution and the assassination of King Feisal is known to have re ceived from Russia 10 jet bomb ers. 40 jet fighters, 25 other air craft, 150 tanks and 500 piecej of artillery. Afghanistan got 50 jels and 30 other aircraft, 100 tanks and 400 guns. Y'emen has so far received no jets, but it has 30 other planes, 25 medium tanks, 30 pieces of ar tillery. Indonesia got 20 jet bombers, 50 jet fighters, 80 other aircraft, 100 arti'lery pieces, four destroy, ers and two subs belore the re ce; deal for aid which is sup posed to double Indonesia's total armed strength, now 250.000 men. Cuba has received only first shipments of 30 heavy and medi um tanks, 15 self-propelled guns and 300 artillery pieces. But air craft and even missiles from Moscow have been promised. paign and continues. The dispute was whether the Eisenhower ad ministration was leaving the Unit ed Stales in good condition or bad condition, strong or weak. That is one of those who-killed-cock-robin questions to which no generally acceptable answer is likely. A similar question now will be asked about the adminis tration of President Kennedy. The question will be this: Is the Kennedy administration making the United States strong er or weaker? The answers to that question will be politically partisan. Few U. S. citizens will be competent to make a judgment. For those who may be interested, here is a suggestion. Keep tab on the purchasing power of the U. S. dollar. Know for yourself wheth er it is rotting or thriving under the policies of the Kennedy ad ministration. W:rite to your congressman from time to lime and ask him how much the dollar is worth compared with its 1939 purchas ing power. The foregoing figures were compiled by the Senate Fi nance Committee. They precisely measure the nation's economie health. Al manac By United Press International Today is Tuesday, .Ian. 31, the 31st day of the year with 334 more in 19K1. The moon is in its full phase. The evening stars are VenuJ and Mars. On (his day in history: In 1797. Austrian composer Franz Shubert was bom. In 1865. Confederate President Jefferson Davis named Gen. Rob ert E. Lee commander in chief of all Confederate armies. In 1892. famed comedian Eddie Cantor was born. In 1917, Germany announced . she was instituting a policy ef unrestricted submarine warfare. In 1934. President Roosevelt de valued the American dollar in its relationship to gold to WO cents. Thousht for Today: American writer Henry David Thoreau said: "That man is richest whose pleas ares art the cheapest" o I oc0 a
