PAGB t
HERALD AND NEWS, KJamath Falls, On.
Tuesday, January 31, 1961
SDSON IN WASHINGTON
Reds Busy With
Foreign Aid Plan
'Oh, No!"
President Kennedy would seem to have at
least a double purpose in declaring his pref
erence for quiet diplomacy.
In the short range he wants to forestall
any quick rush to the summit with Soviet Pre
mier Khrushchev. It is his view that a stiffen
. ing of America's defense posture is required
before we will be equipped to go to the summit
on a footing suitable to our objectives.
Kennedy also is anxious to avoid early
"meetings even with Allied heads of govern
ment. His administration is currently engaged
in the exploration and development of policies
: and programs. With the approaches still so
nebulous, it is no time to sit down with Prime
Minister Macmillan, Chancellor Adenauer or
President De Gaulle.
Beyond these immediate ends, however,
the President appears bent on a general up
grading of the diplomatic corps.
The intent to rely more heavily on what
are called "normal diplomatic channels"
meaning diplomats at the ambassadorial level
and even lower represents a distinct turning
away from the highly publicized personal dip
lomacy that came into vogue in World War
II under Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Drama and excitement inevitably sur
rounded any kind of summit meeting. This was
perhaps all to the good, to the extent that it
stirred general world public concern for the
issues of war and peace.
It would be comforting to know that we
; really have the Soviet Communists boxed in
l-and perfectly stalemated. Unhappily' it isn't
j;so. Their overt aggressions are largely halted,
jbut they continuously devise insidious new
techniques of subversion.
One of the things they appear to have
learned lately is that if you cannot defeat a
man you can sometimes make him at least a
partial captive. The case of U.S. Secretary
General Dag Hammarskjold is an example.
The Russians failed in their persistent
i
Later Primaries
(Tha Oregon Statwrran)
Speaker Robert Duncan recommends
holding primary elections in September. This
would shorten the election campaigns, which
now, with the primaries in May and close for
filings in March, consume, for successful can-'
didates in the primaries, virtually a whole
year.
A real attempt for later primaries was
made in 1939-40. It was urged with great vigor
by the late Ralph Watson, long political writer
for the Oregon Journal. The 1939 Assembly
passed a bill which moved the primary elec
tions back to September. To provide for dele
gates to national conventions it set up, party
conventions at which such delegates would
be chosen. Foes of any change in the direct
primary system had the bill referred and it
was defeated with a vote of 156,1 for and
221,203 against.
Now that the Democrats have revived
the convention idea the chance of enacting
such a measure into law may be much better.
We favored the 1939 measure, and would
support it again if offered. Duncan might
reach back in the files and dust off this Watson
bill and offer it to the Assembly and to the
public.
THEY SAY . . .
Nothi could be more dangerous
to our democratic ideals than, the es
tablishment of an all-powerful police
agency on the federal scene.
J. Edgar Hoover.
No Arab country would recognize
11.. 4 I. 4 I l..4nl
... We Arabs make a great distinc
tion between Jews as such, who live
among us peacefully, and Zionists.
Lebanese Prime Minister Sacb Sa
, laam.
I believe that the atmosphere of.
the Cold War has worsened. Neverthe
less, it Is most satisfying for me to have
teen the growth of a bloc of uncom
mitted nations . . . which the great
powers must take into account.
Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia.
I would like to make it clear to our
American friends that we will not re-
treat from Quemoy and Matsu under
any circumstances or at anybody's sug
gestion. Yang Kung-tah, Nationalist Chinese
parliament member.
Out Of The Limelight
But there have been unhappy by-products.
In too many quarters such high level
meetings have come to be viewed as the be-all
and end-all of diplomacy. "
The truth is that by their very nature,
summit conferences can seldom came to
grips with more than the surface aspects of
vital policy. Most issues are so complex they
rtqu.'te weeks and weeks, of detailed negotia
tion at the technical as well as at the high
policy level. .
Worse still, summit meetings are held in
a goldfish bowl wired for sound. Almost any
position taken must be a position adhered to.
The natural resiliency of true diplomatic ne
gotiation is impossible to attain in the spot
light glare.
This does not mean there is never any
point to a summit meeting. In the proper
circumstances it is obviously useful for heads
of state, both in friendly and in opposing
camps, to exchange views personally. It is
also valuable for them on critical occasions
to put their personal stamp on a major world
diplomatic settlement.
But the hard fundamentals of diplomacy
may be best achieved in the quiet channels
where the play of public light is not so bright
and cold as to freeze the diplomats in rigid
posture. N
Skilled In Fraud
effort to unseat Hammarskjold in the U.N.
But they have raised so much fuss about him
that he must now bend over backwards to
avoid giving the Reds ammunition for their
charge that he has acted in the Congo in an
un-neulral manner.
, To illustrate, Rajeshwar Dayal of India,
the secretary general's personal representa
tive in the Congo, is considered to be hostile
to any Western influence in that area and to
be opposed to the U.N.-endorscd Kasavubu
government. Hammarskjold evidently feels
. powerless to try to correct the situation. ,
Implicit in all their recent Congo maneu
vers is a device the Communists seem to be
using with increasing effectiveness.
They begin by lending some kind of il-
legal, subversive assistance to Red elements
in a troubled land like the Congo or Laos.
Naturally, Western nations respond in an ef
fort to protect their own interests.
' Wisely, however, they generally resort '
to the U.N. They may selfishly hope that its
action coincides with their interests, but in
theory at least the U.N. is thought to be the
genuine protector of the smaller countries.
At this point the Kremlin jumps in and
demands "neutrality" in all actions affecting
the troubled area. But it is quickly discovered
that "neutrality to them means that all others
keep hands off as they press their schemes
for control or conquest.
It's a neat game. Begin with wrongdoing
and then question the neutrality of all who
thereafter dare oppose your misdeeds.
The wonder is that such patent frauds
find receptive minds in the vulnerable Asian
African lands, and especially in India. More
and more, India's alleged political sophistica
tion begins to seem merely skin deep.
;' All the emerging peoples of the world
will learn, if they have not already, that what
Communists will do to them if they get the
chance goes a great deal deeper than the
skin.
Actress
ACROSS
1 Actress, Anita
7 She to a
tar
19 Harvutar
14 Esglss' neata
15 Live
16 Bartara
n.Spoclil (ab.)
IB Exclamation of
fright
30 Dutch uncle
21 SpintualuUC
meeting
24 Violent atom
2ft Summon forth
9 British money
of account
10 Pheasant brood
11 Opine
12 Essential being
19 Cereal grain
21 Calm
22 Breakfast food
23 Moral offenses
24 Ancient Irish
capital
26 Female sheep
2ft Cushions
27 Inquires
scarrhincly
29 Cspital of
Norway
i2 "Oacar ia an
TO .tnirp
of endeavor
S3 Slur part
34 Anatomical
networks
36 Feminino
appellation
W Property Item
37 Motivea
39 ConUnued story
41 Philippine;
pessant
44 Quuf d
4.1 Female horse
49 Get
62 Elicited
64 Color anew
66 Unkeeled
M 1ingOrgged
bints"
(7 She it a native
ci
DOWN
1 Mskea mistakes
2 Retain
3 Foundation
4 Heroic
6 Crimson
6 Swimming birds
7 Wand
8 RrythosJc tea
Answsr 1o Previous Punts
37 Tear 46 Dumb
Jltninera 46 Tart
40 Rsvea 47 Pleaus
41 Rocky pinnacles 46 Paradise
42 Encourage 60 Ventilate
43 Holy Roman ' 61 Writing fluid
Emperor 63 Seesawing
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Economic, Political Pressure
Complicates Brazilian Picture -
Editor's Note; Brazil, most
populous nation in the Western
Hemisphere after the United
States, enters a new era Tuesday
with inauguration of a president
exactly the age of President Ken
nedy. Here is a report on the
prospects, written by AP's globe
trotting news analyst, currently
on a tour of Latin America.
By WILLIAM L. RYAN
Associated Press News Analyst
RIO DE JANEIRO AP A
new leadership is about to take
over in Brazil, a stirring giant of
a country where thinking people
seem suddenly aware of its vast
possibilities and its growing com
; plcx of political and economic ;
dangers.
Janio Quadros, school-teacher-Ish,
enigmatic man sometimes
called a political genius, takes his
oath as president Tuesday. He
will plunge into a sea of trouble.
Time is his most urgent need, and
he hasn't much of it in which to
perform on the promises and
hopes which elected him to office,
just a few of his problems:
Brazil suffers from a variety of
agricultural crises. A violent in
flation outruns lower and middle
incomes. A struggle is in pros
pect with labor, now the target
of increased Communist pressure.
There is a dangerous bread crisis
, in the offing. A variety of ex
ternal pressures can force Quad
ros to compromise with leftists
and extremists.
And some of the potentialities:
Many Brazilians seem deter
mined to awaken their country
from a long apathy that brought
economic stagnation. They see
now a chance to open up the huge
undeveloped interior and make
Brazil, in a matter of a decade,
a mighty force in the world. They
see a chance for reforms attack
ing the enormous evils of poverty
and disease.
Brazilians express concern with
the growth of Communist strength
In the labor movement and espe
cially in the poor northeast
among despairing farmers living
on the razor edge of starvation.'
"flie Communists are relatively
small in numbers possibly 40.000
or so for .a nation of 60 million,
but Uiey make up for that in or
ganization and discipline. They
have a hold on the leadership of
many a labor union.
Brazilians are concerned, too,
with a perceptible undercurrent
of unrest Dial can rise to I he sur
face any time, particularly if
there should, be a new wheat
crisis.
Brazil imports her wheat. But
now she no longer can allord the
outlay of foreign exchange for
import of food. Only hasty action
by the United States is staving
off a wheal crisis now, and an
other may rise again in six more
months.
Communism is considered, both
hy Brazilians and foreign ob
servers, a much greater danger
than Castroism. Communists have
been making alliances with na
tionalist elements. The party
grows stronger rapidly, and this
may have been a (actor in de
ciding Quadros to make gestures
in the direction of Fidel Castro of
Cuba.
He visited Caslro in Havana
last March but said later he would
be the first to condemn a Com
munist Cuba.
Caslro himself normally would
have little impact in Rrazil The
Yankee baiting Cuban prime min
ister considered an unbalanced
young upstart by many Brazilians.
In addition, Brazil has been a
good friend of the United States
possibly the best in the hemis
phere. Brazilians themselves are
peace-loving, outgiving and
friendly. .
But Castroism has an indirect
impact by demonstrating (he po
tency of violent action in focusing
attention on nations' woes. That
is how the Communists of Brazil
use Castroism.
The Communists appear to de
test Quadros. and his election
was a setback for them. There
OTHER '
EDITORS'
OPINIONS':
Full Time University
(DREGONIAN)
EducHtors, taxpayers and stu
dents alike may profitably take
note of an experiment in accel
erated education in the East. For
the past 18 months, the Univer
sity of Pittsburgh has been offer
ing at the student's discretion a
"trimester" program under which
(he regular school year is ex
tended from nine to II months
divided inlo three semesters. A stu
dent, is enabled to complete the
regular undergraduate course In
less than three years and to ob
tain a master's degree in one
year.
Experience has been promising.
More than 40 other colleges over
the nation are considering similar
changes to use more intensively
the facilities' of higher education
in this period of critical enroll
ments. Pitt has found that its over
head costs are less per student
credit hour, that a greater num
ber of students can be accommo
dated without sacrifice of stan
dards of quality, that annual foe- '
nl t y earnings total substantially
more, and that there is a mini
mum of idle lime for classrooms
and laboratories.
The academic year in the Unit
ed States, at all levels of educa
tion, was established in an agricul
tural era. Teachers and students
were needed in the fields in the
summer month. The circum
stances are much different today.
There is a serious question wheth
er our schools elementary, sec
ondary and higher education
should remain one of the nation's
lew endeavors not on a full
lime basis, considering that lime
is becoming such a vauable com
modity in education.
Amos 'NT Andy
Bookkeeping
(IXni'-TTRlAL NEWS REVIEW)
Expansion of the social security
system to include medical care
for elderly persons offers some
loiigh nuts to crack. Experience
shows that in politics things are
advocated (hat are unworkable.
Richard Staines, columnist for the
Wnshincton Daily News, reveals
some not very comfort ing statis
tics on the entiie social security
set-up. "In its first quarter cen
tury," he savs, "social security
took in 70 billion dollars. It paid
out 50 billion dollars of that, and
has 20 billion dollars ol govern
ment bonds in the kitty. Against
that 20 billion dollars there are
obligations, at the present rate of
benefits, of 3f0 billion dollars." Q
If you wonder how the social
security system has reached such
are indications they will do their
best to give him a bad time as
quickly as possible, primarily in ,
the field of labor.
Some Brazilians say Quadros'
expressed intention of renewing
diplomatic relations with the
U.S.S.R. and recognizing Red Chi
na indicates an attempt to buy
time, to keep extremists off his
back while he turns attention to -cures
for Brazil's major economic
troubles.
Quadros would be unworried by
the label of "neutralism," a vague
word at best. In Brazil, recogniz
ing the Red nations likely would
be regarded as an expression of
national sovereignty and independ
ent policy and not necessarily
'turning away from friendship with
the United States.
, Given a little time, Quadros
likely will attack the biggest prob
lem, inflation, first. This may re
quire some austerity measures.
When he tries this he can expect
trouble from labor, egged on by
Communist union leadership.
Brazilian law limits union ac
tivity. The labor ministry can in
tervene in union affairs. Yet there
have been strikes recently, even
against the government.' in defi
ance of the law. And there will
be a drive for union independence
from the labor ministry, whose
efforts under President Juscclino
Kubitschek kept Communist influ- .
ence from growing more swiftly.
It seems likely the Communists
and extreme nationalists will try
to engender anti-Yankeeism, a de
vice by which many a politician
blames his own failures upon the
United States. They can claim, for
example, that U.S. failure to take
anything but a trickle of Brazil's
glut of sugar had a direct bear
ing on the grain crisis by making
it impossible for Brazil to find the
foreign exchange needed for
wheat.
There is growing Soviet and
Red Chinese interest in Brazil.
H would be no surprise if before
long the U.S.S.R. approached Bra
zil with a deal something like the
one made with Bolivia, for con
structing a steel plant. That would
be a popular move here, and it
would give the Russians another
foot inside Latin America's door.
Quadros, at 43. the same age as
President Kennedy, w ill have his
hands full.
a pass the answer is simple. Mr.
Stames cites a not unusual case
a pensioner who paid for three
years, starting in 1937. Then he
retired. Since then he and his late
wife toccther have drawn $13,490
in ben"lils while their total contri
butions lo the fund had been $40
But in the case of young people
starting to work circumstances
are reversed. They can never
hope to take out ns much as
they are forced to contribute.
There is little justification for
further taxing, in the name of
social security, already overtaxed
younger workers to provide medi
cal care for millions of elderly
persons who are both able and
willing to care for themselves.
Sen. Harry F. Byrd. a distin
guished Democrat who has as
ureal an undei-t.mding of the
fiscal problems of the federal gov
ernment as any man. does not
mince words, "f am opposed to
. . . compulsory medical service
and hospitalization under the So
cial Security System. I am con
vinced this would lead lo social
ised medicine with (he possibility
that it would bankrupt the social
security trust fund."
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn. '
WASHINGTON (NEA) Pres-
ident Kennedy's inauguration
promise to seek new. foundations
for a disarmament agreement
needs to be weighed against Com-
munist bloc arms aid to new na
tions, neutrals and revolutionary
movements w hich the Reds are
trying to swing into their camp
for world domination.
Mast recent example is Russia's
arms drop to the Communist Pa
thet Lao revolutionists in Laos.
Sino-Soviet arms aid in the last
six years exceeds one billion dol
lars to 10 countries, along with
about three billion in economic
aid to those same 10, and 11 oth
er countries.
Eisenhower's ' final report to
Congress on the U.S. mutual se
curity program for the fiscal year
ending last June 30 put the value
of Communist bloc military assis
tance at 823 million dollars.
Since that time, Russia has
promised 300 million dollars'
worth of military aid to Indonesia.
A primary objective of President
Sukarno's government is to wrest
control of West Irian (New Guin
ea' from the Netherlands.
Russian and Czechoslovakian
military assistance to Cuba in
the last six months is estimated
at SO million dollars.
The value of Russian and Com
munist Chinese military aid to
support the Algerian nationalists
in their revolution for indepen
dence from France is unknown.
It is mostly small arms ship
ments, which have been stepped
up in recent months.
The Russians are also report
ed to be shipping arms to Lu
mumba supporters in the Congo,
in direct opposition to U.N. ef
forts to bring stability to that
new nation. Arid (here have been
offers and gifts for Red arms to
Morocco, Guinea, Sudan and oth
er new nations of Africa.
All this Communist bloc mili
tary assistance is of particular
interest in view of recent Mos
cow revelations on long range
Russian policies for establishing
Communist supremacy throughout
the world.
First publication of speeches
made by Khrushchev to represen
tatives of (he 81 Communist par
ties that met in Moscow last No
vember show that previously de
clared disarmament and peaceful
coexistence policies are complete
shams. These peace policies arc
No Larceny Compares
With Fate Of Dollar
By LYLE C. WILSON
WASHINGTON (UP1) The
grandest larceny ever committed
against the citizens of the United
States took place during the 16
years from 1938 throOgh 1954. We
wuz robbed.
The thieves were so numerous
as to be faceless. Moreover,
events as well as men brought
about this grand theft, the most
important event having been
World War II.
To nndersland the enormity of
this thing, it is necessary to ac
cept for purposes of calculation
that the U. S. dollar in 1939 was
worth 100 cents in purchasing
power.
During the 16 years afore-mentioned
ending on Dec. 31, 1954, the
value of that beautiful buck rot
ted to just more than 50 cents.
By the end of 1954 the dollar had
lost 48.3 cents of its 1939 purchas
ing power.
An individual who put $100 in
the bank in 1939 had only $51.70
in the bank by the end of 1954
although the depositor and the
banker both referred to the sum
as $100. The income of a $IOO-a-month
pensioner likewise had rot
ted to $51.70 in that period. Any
one's life insurance policy was
hit the same way. The man or
woman on a fixed income of any
kind was robbed.
That is why this inflation of
the currency, this rotting of the
dollar is the grandest larceny.
There is no other larceny to com
pare with it.
By the end of 1954. World War
II was almost 10 years in the
past, the Korean War w as
merged by an uneasy truce into
the Cold War. With these condi
tions going for him and a sincere
desire to protect the value of the
citizens' money, Dwight D. Ei
senhower was able to apply ef
fective brakes to runaway cur
rency inflation.
Ike held the dollar line pretty
well. From the end of 1954
Ihroush May of I9fi0. dollar rot
was limited to 4 7 cents. The Ei
senhower administration inherited
a 51-eent dollar from the Truman
administration and bequeathed to
(he Kennedy adminislration a dol
lar worth about 47 cents.
These facts and figures seem to
bear on a partisan political dis
pute which ran through the cam
Intended primarily to disarm lh
Western powers. This will, the
Reds hope, make Communist
world conquest that much easier.
And it is to be attained by revo
lutionary military action, not by
peaceful political negotiation.
The U.S. mutual security report
lists the following six less-developed,
free world countries . v
ing received Sino-Soviet bloc mili
tary assistance Irom 1D35 to June
30, I960:
Afghanistan. 30 million dollars!
Iraq. 120 million: Indonesia, 206
million; Yemen, 17 million; Guin
ea, one million; United Arab Re
publicEgypt and Syria 433 mil
lion. The Middle East thus received
fits of the 823 million dollars total
aid.
Since that report was compiled,
deliveries to UAR have been in
creased by perhaps 20 million dol
lars, to Afghanistan by 10 mil
lion, to Guinea and Y'emen by
(wo to three million.
Estimates on the kinds of aid
furnished by the Communist bloc
are based on military equipment
displayed in parades and an
nouncements by leaders of the
recipient countries.
UAR has been the biggest bene
ficiary. It has received 50 jet
bombers, 150 jet fighters and 100
other aircraft. Fifty heavy tanks,
400 medium tdnks, 100 self-propelled
guns and 200 pieces of ar
tillery have also gone to UAR.
Nasser's navy has received two
destroyers, eight submarines and
30 subchasers, mine sweepers and
auxiliary craft.
Iraq fo-merly a member of the
Baghdad Pact before the Kassem
revolution and the assassination of
King Feisal is known to have re
ceived from Russia 10 jet bomb
ers. 40 jet fighters, 25 other air
craft, 150 tanks and 500 piecej
of artillery.
Afghanistan got 50 jels and 30
other aircraft, 100 tanks and 400
guns. Y'emen has so far received
no jets, but it has 30 other planes,
25 medium tanks, 30 pieces of ar
tillery. Indonesia got 20 jet bombers,
50 jet fighters, 80 other aircraft,
100 arti'lery pieces, four destroy,
ers and two subs belore the re
ce; deal for aid which is sup
posed to double Indonesia's total
armed strength, now 250.000 men.
Cuba has received only first
shipments of 30 heavy and medi
um tanks, 15 self-propelled guns
and 300 artillery pieces. But air
craft and even missiles from
Moscow have been promised.
paign and continues. The dispute
was whether the Eisenhower ad
ministration was leaving the Unit
ed Stales in good condition or bad
condition, strong or weak.
That is one of those who-killed-cock-robin
questions to which no
generally acceptable answer is
likely. A similar question now
will be asked about the adminis
tration of President Kennedy. The
question will be this:
Is the Kennedy administration
making the United States strong
er or weaker?
The answers to that question
will be politically partisan. Few
U. S. citizens will be competent
to make a judgment. For those
who may be interested, here is
a suggestion. Keep tab on the
purchasing power of the U. S.
dollar. Know for yourself wheth
er it is rotting or thriving under
the policies of the Kennedy ad
ministration. W:rite to your congressman
from time to lime and ask him
how much the dollar is worth
compared with its 1939 purchas
ing power. The foregoing figures
were compiled by the Senate Fi
nance Committee. They precisely
measure the nation's economie
health.
Al
manac
By United Press International
Today is Tuesday, .Ian. 31, the
31st day of the year with 334
more in 19K1.
The moon is in its full phase.
The evening stars are VenuJ
and Mars.
On (his day in history:
In 1797. Austrian composer
Franz Shubert was bom.
In 1865. Confederate President
Jefferson Davis named Gen. Rob
ert E. Lee commander in chief
of all Confederate armies.
In 1892. famed comedian Eddie
Cantor was born.
In 1917, Germany announced
. she was instituting a policy ef
unrestricted submarine warfare.
In 1934. President Roosevelt de
valued the American dollar in
its relationship to gold to WO
cents.
Thousht for Today: American
writer Henry David Thoreau said:
"That man is richest whose pleas
ares art the cheapest"
o
I
oc0
a