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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (June 8, 1958)
PAGE 4 D HERALD AND NEWS, KLAMATH FALLS, OREGON SUNDAY, JUNE 8, 1958 Tulelake Durum Wheat Research Related By Calif. Farm Adviser r By K. G. BACnOTT ! Farm Adviser ' Tulelake, California Field experiments with durum wheat have been conducted in the Tulelake area during the past five years to determine the effect of irrigation ana leruilzalion on the yield ana quality of the wheat The following are the results of some of the trials. It is interest ing to note that 84 pounds of nitro gen coupled with a June irrigation resulted in maximum yield and a low chalk content of the durum wheat. The. wheat protein as you will note was also influenced by both irrigation and fertilization. Many farmers have cooperated on this work the past two years. One of our larger trials was on Ed Seus' farm. Don Younker, Earl Parsons, Wesley St. Peter, Don Potter and the U.S. Fish and Wild life Service have also cooperated by allowing us to conduct plot tests on their land. Durum wneat was grown com mercially for the first time in the Tulelake Basin in 1955. Prior, to that time field experiments had demonstrated that the crop was adaptable to the Basin's short growing season. Experiments have also shown that the quality and yield of the durum wheat can be controlled through irrigation and fertilization. Test plots conducted in the field have demonstrated that yields of durum wheat can be increased by both fertilizer and proper timing of irrigations. Quality can also be controlled, to some degree, by proper irrigation timing in maxi mum yields on all fertilizer trials. Where no fertilizer was applied, a June irrigation resulted in equal yields to a June-July or a June-July-August irrigation. This is also true where 42 pounds and 84 pounds of ammoniacal nitrogen was ap plied to the soil, prior to plant ing time. In these fertilized plots, only a slight increase in yield was obtained over the check plots when no irrigation was applied. Where irrigations were applied, each increment of nitrogen signi ficantly increased yields, but the S4 pounds of mtroeen and the 84 pounds of nitrogen and 60 pounds of phospha'e treatments were sig nificantly better than other treat ments. Since there was a signifi cant irrigation x fertilizer inter action, indicating that both factors contribute to produce the highest grain yields, much of the increased yield from the timely irrigation is que to niirogen leruuzation. The IRRIGATION TREATMENT single irrigation in June or mul tiple irrigations where the first irrigation application was made in June-July, June-August or June-July-August with nitrogen fertili zation gave the highest yields. The maximum economic yields were produced with a June irrigation with the use of 84 pounds of nitro gen per acre. The per cent protein of the dur um wheat was affected by both fertilization and irrigation. Where no fertilizer was applied the aver age protein for all irrigation treat ments was 10.99 per cent. Where 42 pounds of nitrogen was applied the protein was 11.12 per cent. Where 84 pounds of nitrogen was applied it was 11.80 per cent. The average protein on all fer tilized treatments with a June ir rigation was 12.30 per cent. The same treatments with a July irri gation gave 11.96 per cent and an August irrigation resulted in 11.-22 per cent protein. A June-July ir rigation gave 10.96 per cent and a June-August irrigation resulted in 10.16 per cent. Irrigating in July and August gave 12.16 per cent protein and a June-July and August irrigation produced an average of 11.65 per cent protein. These results show that a June irrigation coupled with 84 pounds of nitrogen or 84 pounds of nitro gen with 60 pounds of phosphate resulted in the highest protein values of durum wheat. Excess chalky - kernels (yellow berry), results in the lowering of the grade and milling quality of durum wheat. Here again, both fertilization and irrigation affected the amount of chalk in the durum wheat. The recommended June ir rigation with no fertilizer, resulted in 34 per cent chalk. Where 42 pounds of nitrogen per acre was applied with a June irrigation, the ciialk dropped to 9 per cent and only raised to 12 per cent where 84 pounds of nitrogen was applied. The June-July irrigation with no fertilizer gave 30 per cent, 42 pounds of nitrogen 33 per cent ana witn 84 pounds of nitrogen the chalk dropped to 8 per cent. A July irrigation with no fertiliz er gave 12 per cent chalk while 42 pounds of nitrogen gave 13 per cent, 84 pounds of nitrogen result ed in only 7 per cent. An August irrigation with no fertilizer gave si per cent, 42 pounds of nitrogen gave 42 per cent and 84 per cent of nitrogen gave 17 per cent chalk. The July-August irrigation with no lertuizer gave 19 per cent. 42 pounds of nitrogen gave 21 per cent and 84 pounds gave 12 per cent chalk. It is interesting to note that where no irrigation wa ter Was applied and no fertilizer used the chalk content was 7 per cent, no irrigation witn 42 pounds of nitrogen gave only 2 per cent while 84 pounds of nitrogen gave 9 per cent chalk. Undoubtably the irrigation of durum wheat, if im properly timed and applied, can increase the chalkyness of the dur um wheat. Dryland durum plant ings in the area have had less difficulty with chalkyness and low protein than the irrigated fields. The results of these studies in dicate that durum wheat quality apparently can be controlled by proper timing of irrigations, Yield and quality of durum wheat are both affected by irrigation and fertilization. Wheat protein was the highest where 84 pounds of nitro gen and 60 pounds of phosphorous was applied and the lowest where no fertilizer was used. A June irrigation resulted in the highest protein percentage of all other ir rigation treatments. Chalky wheat kernels were held at a minimum with no irrigations, the June and July irrigations with 42 pounds and 84 pounds of nitrogen also resulted in low kernel chalk per centage. The highest chalk was in the August, June July, June August and June-July-August irrigations. Many farmers have asked me about the use of foliar applica tions of fertilizers on cereals. le gumes and potatoes. Because the requirements of plants for micro- nutrients (trace elements) is rel atively smad, these nutrients are suited to foliar applications. However the probability of con trolling nitrogen, phosphorous, po tasium and sulfur deficiencies by louar fertilization are less prom ising, these elements have been shown to be absorbed by leaves and readily translocated to roots and regions where -rapid growth is occuring. ine quantitative plant requirements for these elements is so much greater than for micro- nutrients that several sprays at a maximum safe concentration are required to bring about yield re sponses. Just how deficient the soil may be before one can ex pect a significant response to foliar-applied micro-nutrients has not been determined. Most experiment stations report that tests indicate that these levels are below those required for profitable production. We are cooperating with Dick Falconer, Stan Buckingham and Parasite Toll Can Be Held This Is the time of year when farmers should be watchful against parasite problems in young farm animals which have just been weaned, according to a bulletin to day from the American founda tion for Animal Health. Some of these parasites, such as tapeworms, rob the host ani mal of the nutritional elements in feed. Others suck the blood of the host animal and cause anemia. Some parasites block small blood vessels or penetrate intestinal walls. Still others may damage the animals livers or lungs. In some parts of the country, liver flukes cause death losses or retard the growth of lambs and calves. Lungworms also may cause death or poor growth. As preventive measures, foun dation authorities suggested that livestock be kept away from old pastures, low swampy ground. stale ponds', unclean water tanks, and old barn lots. A number of new medicines have been developed which are helpful both In preventing internal parasites and in treating infected Dick Fuller in attempting to find out what gibberellic acid at five parts per million will do to netted gem potatoes. I treated the seed pieces and those farmers have planted this treated seed. We will attempt to discover any yield dif ferences, specific gravity and qual ity of the potatoes, etc.. on these trials this year. the difference between desnair and hope is often a good nights sleep." animals. However, the foundation said they should be employed un der veterinary direction, because some are dangerous if not proper ly used. CHALK LINES Lines drawn with a piece of tai lor's chalk are easier to see than those made with a pencil when Masonite hardboards are being marked for cutting or layout work, according to Popular Me chanics magazine. Light-colored crayons also are - excellent for such use. 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