Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current, May 18, 1958, Image 6

Historic Oregon Newspapers

Herald and news., May 18, 1958, Page 6, Image 6

Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR

About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (May 18, 1958)

Prev Page of 77 Next Prev Issue Next Text PDF JP2 (2.5 MB) Clip/Print Image

Return to Top

Prev Page of 77 Next Prev Issue Next

Newspaper Page TextPAGE 6 A HERALD AND NEWS. KLAMATH FALLS. OREGON SUNDAY. MAY 18, 1953 Morty Meekle FRANK JENKINS Editor BILL JENKINS Managing Editor FLOYD WYNNE City Editor Entered aa aecond claae matter at tile post office at Klamath Palla. Ore., on Aueuat 30. 1900. under act of Congress. March I. ItTtt SERVICES: ASSOCIATED PRESS UNITED PRESS AUDIT BUREAU OP CIRCULATIONS Serving Southern Oregon And Northern California SUBSCRIPTION RATES CARRIER I MONTH t I SO MONTHS I M I YEAR (11.00 " MAIL I MONTH I 60 MONTHS ( 1.50 1 YEAR 113.00 ftDIFIPEVELOPV ( ATALL, p ( AWRRIEO ANP HAVE ) fl l!JU,iL ii3FILM,MfDLW.EY?J. VMOfiryy f A PLACE OF Zs ILL ( JkkJJ&u ) V "f MVOWN J 723 V HAVING 16 MV OWN ) Vt Women Only By WILLIAM PLUNKETT NEW YORK (UP) Gourmets will be paying a higher price (or tpice this season. Trouble in the areas that export spices has caused repercussions at American dinner Utiles. Meat packers, drug, soap and perfumery manufacturers are also leeling the effect of troubled times in the East Indies, Sumatra and elsewhere in the Far East. Spice dealers warn that the cin namon on the breaklast toast, the pepper on the eggs, and the nut meg on the egg nog are creeping up in price, and may go even higher. Housewives will get a shock when they pick up one and one- half ounces of nutmeg and find the price stamp 45 cents. Before the war it was IS cents for the same- amount . Rebellions and political disturb ances in the spice areas also have upped the prices of mace, black and white pepper, ginger and tum eric. Don't feel bad about wearing List season's fitted dress because you aren't alone. Even the duchess of Windsor is doing it. The duchess who was guest of honor aU a ' recent luncheon in New York appeared in a two-year-old dress "Everyone has on new spring clothes," said she, "but I haven't had time to have new ones made." By the way, the duchess' little old dress was a Dior. The sports car craze has gone to women's heads and beauty and fashion industries aim to put wom en in. the driver's seat, cr make Uicm appear as though they just left it. The growing interest in sports cars has swept in the "windblown look" for hair, hats that protect, cosmetics that shield from the sun and wind. Among names for new hair styles are "shape-a-cul," "rumble - tumble," and "windswept tumble." A new Hampshire girl who wonts to bo a nurse and un Arizona hoy who plans to bo a doctor hnve been named winners in Ihe ninth annual Elks National Ymilh Lead ership Contest. The winners are 17-year-old Virginia Marie Wueslhnff of Rochester, and Ill-year-old Col in Humphrey of Phoenix. The con test Is sponsored by the Elks lo give recognition lo youthful lead ers and to encourage further lead ership. The housewife of today can pre pare a meal in about one-filth Ihe time it look her .1(1 years ago. The department of agriculture says that when all preparation is done at home, the lime amounts to live and one-hair hours for a familv of lour. When Ihe homem.ikcr uses ready-to-serve and prepared foods Ihe lime spent in the kitchen can he only one hour and 10 minules. Here's today household hint: Store lettuce in a plastic bag with a paper napkin to absorb moisture VHs .llail l.atf Four newer tranquiluiuK limits w-ill be evaluated lor use in treat ment of mental illness by a liirisc scale Veterans Administration sludy, the agency announced 'to day. Dr. Jesse F. Cnsey, VA director of psychiatry and neurology serv ice in Washington, D.C.. said the sludy just getting underway at 3.' VA hospitals is the third in a series of VA ninjor cooperative research projects on tranquilizers. Drugs lo be used are the com pounds iphcnothiaini' derivatives' proclorperazine. trillupromnzinc, perphenazine. and mcpazine. which show promise in (regiment ol mental illness. Chlorpromazine. a tranquilizer now in general ise tr mental patients, also will be aihiiiniMeied in the VA stily. since comparison of Its c fleets will aid in ealuating effects of the older drtiys. The carefully cuiiln l project will inxnlvr veterans newly d milled to the 3.1 participating hos pitalsa total ot about Hot) pa lienls wild schizophrenia. Ihe most baffling mental illness. In addition to tranquilizers, all will receive other treatment. siO as psychotherapy and the physical medicine and rehabilitation thera pies, as indicated by their indi vidual needs. Dr. Casey said ine project is pari ol VA s con tinuing chemotherapy in psychia try studies, becun in l;i.v. VA hospitals participating in Ihe new study include American Lake, Washington, and Itosehurg. Ore gon. QUESTION OK THE WEEK: Q I'm a Korea veteran, get ling compensation for a scrvice ronncclod disability. Lately I'm finding it's hairier and harder for me to work with my disability Can t get VA assistance in help- ing me learn some other job? A You can. If you need train ing to help you overcome your handicap, you may be eligible for as much as 48 months of voca tional rehabilitation training in which to learn new skills. lh'r Defense Fort Jones, Calilornla, (To the Editor) I don't often take sides in debates of how we should run our county, but the question of whether we should hasten the exhaustion of another of our val uable natural resources by killing All our female deer stirs in me a deep feeling that the residents of Siskiyou County should stand united in delense of our deer herds. I have a deep conviction that the killing of 2.3115 docs or even 10,000 would not solve our deer problem. I (eel we would have to kill 90 per cent of all the deer in parts of our county to stop the deer (rom coming into our fields. Deer season brings to our coun ty many people from all parts of our state and other states, and I feel Siskiyou County profits a great deal in many ways by hav ing our deer herds to draw these visitors. I have run cattle for nearly 50 years and have never been able to produce more calves than I had cows. Charles F. Hammond IHrccfor I'raisori Editor's Nole The following is a copy of a letter sent recent ly by the Sportsmen Pilots of Ore gon to Governor Robert Holmes. They have asked that the letter he reprinted in the Herald and News. Klamath Falls (To Ihe Editor) Recent publicity concerning the misunderstandings which have arisen between the director of the State Hoard of Aeronautics and Ihe C.A.P. moves this group to express itself. We, the Klamath Falls Chapter ol the Oregon Sports men Pilots, wish to Indicate the merits of the director as we have seen Ihem during our recent as sociation with him. Our group, consisting of approx imately 120 pilots and auxiliary members, is of recent origin. Much of its development can be filtributed to the excellent pro motional work of Mr. Snyder who spent much time and effort on our behalf. Mr. Snyder has stressed the need (or interest and understand ing by Ihe community ot the avi ation program and has excelled in getting safety programs across to interested groups. He has stud ied the problems of financing air craft facilities and has attempt ed lo provide them at the least possible cost to the already over burdened taxpayers of Oregon. Another of his assets has been his ability to keep groups and individuals such as us, informed on the best methods of accomplish ing projects in the Various parts of the country, and keeping us currently informed on new air port facilities, safety equipment and recreational flying programs. Ills communication has proven excellent. For these reasons, we wish to support Mr. Snyder and his or gnnizniion for the outstanding job they are capable of doing. Ned Piilnam, President Klamath Falls Chapter .udio-VUuat Klamath Falls (To the Editor The article by Nelson Reed pruned in your paper .May 11 t called to my allcntion and I would appreciate It very much if you Ti FlC MCeff iS.T A -SJ '5 rsjwr -n. BT 0NWZAfl AVSTGIS Of THG 79oM Aa MM ' oa urn dlir ie vsas a UMtfoflM? IIP f TV.AT AVKlM. 1 -n.au WTU THAT MIAN avw-vS 1 n-gv Tvecw e 1 ?u CA og' a kcetet -c.. cut , .f3 i COMIC TIPV -" 'M AN TAI.KIN0 ? I permit me to make a lew com ments about it. First of all I am proud of Mr. Reed (or commenting on the school situation as everyone was re quested to do. Secondly I would like to say that he was one o( our outstanding school directors of a (cw years past and (or many years has been one of the out standing civic leaders and sports men in this area. Reed was one of 10 board mem bers who appointed me director of the Instructional Materials De partment (audio-visual) of the Klamath Falls Public Schools Since that time he has donated a 16mm colored lilm, which must have cost hundreds of dollars, and several rock specimens to our modest collection. After all these nice deeds he suddenly decides that "audio-visual education has become an 'expensive fetish He also makes several other claims which would come only from someone who is very much confused or extremely angry. He states: "Students are led to believe that Ihey can learn ev erything that is to be learned by merely looking at pictures and listening to 'canned lectures.' Teachers are led to believe that they no longer need know a sub ject thoroughly. All they need know is how to run a sound pro jector." I wonder il Mr. Reed could introduce a (cw students and teachers with such beliefs to the taxpaying public, or to me, or wouiu ne nave to admit that these are wild fantastic pipe- dreams of his? Mr. Reed is a very intelligent man as everyone knows, ana l am surprised that he would make statements like these. Now let's be sensible and calm. What are the visual aids that Mr. Reed claims lo bo an "ex pensive fetish . . . and certainly not worth what is spent on them?" Visual aids are books, maps, glohes, charts, pictures i both still and motion), objects, models and specimens. In other words visual aids are things which students see. Every thing one sees is 'a visual aid to learning. Approximately 87 per cent o( everything he learns it through his vision. Does Mr. Reed really want us to keep books, maps, globes, pictures, charts, blackboards, objects, mod els and specimens out of view of our students because they are too expensive and a fetish? Audio aids are sounds which in clude the teacher's vou;e, the stu- dent's voice, as well as all other sounds from phonograph records, radios, etc. with which one learns. Approximately seven per cent of our knowledge is gained through our hearing. If he believes we should do away with the above ind that is what he said in his article, then we should teach the same methods used in teaching the students who are deaf, dumb ;md blind. In other words the ap proximately 117 per cent we learn through our sense of vision and Ihe seven per cent which we learn through our sense of hear ing would total !)4 per cent and we would eliminate it because it is too expensive. Our students could then learn only six per cent through the remaining senses of smell, taste and touch. I honestly helieve what Mr. Reed means is that he objects to Ihe projection of educational mo tion pictures in our classrooms and to our students because llicy are too expensive, but the mo tion picture film is only a tiny part of the audio-visual education program in any school system. I want my children to see ed ucational motion pictures but 1 will not argue about the merits ol litem lor others. There are too many leaders in all fields of en- Atfiir.iJ IU TJCJJlAUT STAMPEOK STALL' OWCJ CLOAK 10 OUT A . , XiOTB ""'K I5BUTA Y I pAnaea op Honevirr J II "fi-ie'AWlK 1 deavor who have proven their merits and made statistics avail able as proof. Russia has pro duced more classroom dims in the past five years than the leading educational film producing com pany in the U.S.A. has made in ihe past 30 years. These statis tics are also available in my of fice in Room 222, Klamath Un ion High School, and I welcome visitors. Motion pictures have cost Ihe taxpayers .002 of a cent per pu pit showing during the past 10 years. It this is too great a cost let's do away with them. I'm will ing. Books, maps, globes, charts, pictures, objects, models, etc. are teaching tools which mean as much to the teacher as the ham mer and saw do to the carpen ter. It is no more reasonable Jo ask a teacher, equipped with only a bare room, to prepare students for their place in today's society than it is to ask a carpenter, with out tools of any kind, to con struct a new cabinet or a piano (rom rough lumber. In the education of students au dio-visual aids are second in im portance only to the classroom teacher, and should be the num ber two item considered when the budget is planned. Audio-visual aids are not as new as many would contend. They date from far back in antiquity. In structional materials such as ob jects, models, specimens, pictures. verbal and visual symbols, crude maps and charts have been used in educational programs (or thou sands of years; most o( them were educationally employed as far back as 23 centuries B.C., when formal education began. It is true, however, that some very important additions have been made to the teacher's kit of tools during the past 30 years the sound motion pic tures, the magnetic recorder, ra dio and television. It is not un reasonable to assume, then that the next 30 years may add even more effective teaching tools to the present supply. Pioneers 100 years ago faced ho problem of expediency: How .o construct quickly a building for shelter from the elements and pro- lection from Indians. These early carpenters provided rough lean tos and cabins from logs, shakes ind thatch, using only a saw, an ix and a hammer. Our modern homes must not only fulfill the primary purpose of sheltering but must also be attractive and con venient lor living. Their construc tion required tools ot greater va riety and more complexity. So it is with the student of to day. The demands of society re quire citizens with a broader knowledge of the arts and sci ences; the student ot our age is confronted with a much more complicated curriculum in school than that which challenged pu pils of 100 years ago. Teachers, therefore, must be equipped with a variety of teach ing tools and must lie prepared to use them well it they are to tuUill their responsibilities. In closing I want to thank Mr. Reed again (or informing all ol us of his likes and dislikes. I. tor one. realize that I am a pub lic servant working for the tax payers of our school districts. 1 also realize that my duty is to help develop the best product pos sible for the fewest number of dol lars and I can honestly say I have tried. This letter does not propose to condemn Mr. Reed, hut is de signed to inlorm the public about .he Instructional Materials De partment that I hae been em ployed lo direct. If we can't af loid the items listed aboe and il Ihey are a "fetish'' let's be calm and lae. change the laws ol the state Inch require ennie ov them, and lei una all ol theirt. If we can alfoiit Ihfm Mhey cost less (ban one-one 1 thiawinrith of what tv ml for to'o ceo ,a alcoholic beverages' let s become boire h;oei we behee let our wishes bccou kr.4e.n po'icly and to the schev; administration. 0 ; .1. V. I.at'lair ! By UNITED iSFSS O CARACASVicc President Nix on speaking lo a group of Vene zuelall students who nnolomzod (or attacks on him and ami- American Hemnnstr.-iiiniw O "All of us are going to get much further working 0;ether than working against e.u-h Oder. As lar as 1 am concerned the inci denls are forgotten." WASHINGTON President Ei enhower. ;n turning down a pho tographer's suggestion he kiss Mrs. Ntxon as she returned (rem l.alm America: "I don't think I'd heller. Dick etill packs a good wallop." Fall Ballot Will Look Like This: By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS This is Ihe way the November General Election ballot will look for statewide and congressional offices: Governor Robert D. Holmes, D Mark Hatfield, R Congress 1st District Robert Y. Thornton. D Walter Norblad, R 2nd District Al Ullman, D -Marion T. Weathertord, R 3rd District Edith Green, D John Johnston, R tlh District Charles O. Porter, D Paul Beddes, R Labor Commissioner Norman Nilsen. D Lyle E. McCauley, R Non-Partisan Ofdces Supreme Court position No, 3 Gordon Sloan Position No. 7 George Rossman . Superintendent Public Instruction Rex Putnam Tranquilizer Ends Desperate Journey Of Seal NEW YORK (UP) A tranquil izing powder was credited today with ending a six-day, non-stop swim around a Coney Island Aquarium pool by a mixed-up harp seal. The rare, two-month-old seal had disdained (ood and sleep- dur ing the marathon whirl in which it apparently believed it was en route to summer quarters in the north. Friday Ihe seal was calmed by a tranquilizer, slept three hours on a cement island in the pool and then feasted on five squid, a seal delicacy. Federal Worker Roster Boosted WASHINGTON 11 The num-, ber of federal ' employes has in creased by about 2M.00O in the last decade. Sen. Harry F. Byrd (D-Va) said this Saturday in a report from his committee on reduction of nones sential federal spending. Byrd said the total estimated for the fiscal year starling July 1 is 3, 32H.327. He said the federal payroll went up from 6'i billion dollars to $11,- iDO.000.000 in the same 10-year pe riod. Byrd said Ihe bulk of the in crease in civilian employment came in the military agencies which added 223.M4 employes dur ing the decade. Civilian agencies showed an increase ot by.4w. BI.AME DEPTH CHARGE SYDNEY. Australia 'UPi Au thorities now helieve that an un exploded World War II depth charge and not a college prank ster probably caused -the mysteri ous explosion which rocked the U.S. destroyer Renshaw in the harbor here last Wednesday. A skindiver Friday found a crater 10 feet in diameter and 10 teet deep at the spot where the blast occurred. The Welcome Wagwt 0 Hostcs Will Bni)tit o VottP ItftOP .ith Gift & Greetio from firindly '-MaS, 0 Nc'ehlAta S Tvu0 Civic tt4 Q On the occasion of: ftie Birth of a Bl; tygagemcnt 0 Announcements Arrival of Newcomers to Klamath Falls No coif or obligationl Phone. TU 4-6185 They'll Do It Every Time ' t-'fjg uUFUvni uzaiJT LISTEM TO WHO'sY SHILL'S THE 6uy IvHO 1eW P,Wft cDPpXrv.W PBE4CMINVSHILL-F TOUTS EVERYBODY OM W l iWcL TOME' Km WEDP V BER EVEN GETS 1 FOREIGN BlkES"HE M4KES I L-X-m TE4M BUV VOUR 64SEB4LL JPlfJ, JL, " MX SUITS ?AT THE CUT-R4TE u.iil y4H-GET YLOV.4L.TY COSTsX MISTER Ji!? 3t-Z-4L04D0F TWENTY PSW SWLLABEbA CHESTE,? DIN'TCH.4 ,VgS PH THIS RSMIM' I SHILL IS TH4T Kiai&VE EVEI?HE4k?0FLOY4LTV?AJ f, l Ro0..M4DE I MUCH DE4(?EI? A CATALOG? lSriOP WHERE V4 LIVE ?sfe 3 , V IN J4P4M-1 -TH4N EVEGV- dJWWZi " jf WCALOOS HMH5i ' t TYCOON TELL HIS I i t, "" 1 imTT 0"r 'I I TOfXJSEPTOLE, J?? 1 rSt T'-rjaJ .'r.aT" m Salary Suit COEUR D'ALENE. Idaho Iff! Thirty-six' teachers of the bank rupt Post Falls School District were awarded judgments Friday of $10,394 in back pay and $41,578 which will be due them by June 30. ' The judgments were issued by District Judge Clay V. Spear, who has the authority to impose a spec ial tax levy to pay teacher sal aries. The district, which says it is broke and has more than 100 creditors, has been plagued by fi nancial troubles since (ire dam aged the school building and de stroyed the gymnasium. The (riendly suit by Ihe teach ers was suggested by State Super intendent of Public Instruction Al ton B. Jones alter the district board was unable to come up with any solution. E-R Work Gets Official Okay PORTLAND Wi Work can go right ahead on Portland's Exposi tion-Recreation Center near the eastern end of the Steel and Broadway bridges. Voters Friday refused to change the site. That presumably ends the legal fighting which has been carried on for years over location of the city's 8 million dollar center. This latest attempt would have required the center to be built at Delia Park Ihe old East Vanport north of the city but the city voters rejected that by a 4 to 3 margin. Realty Rambiings by Orvillo Reichenberg Newlv married ifolki are naturally ;vnrereirea in itott ivSin out earlv in ... a . 'SLly their matrimonial career by becom- I . fi inn hnmo.ownavp B it ' SA tt; A" ,o often' " vWtovid and unthink- W f?5(f-4?!?'ns Realtors en n ffiL courage and con- gjj 48umate tales to " these young hope fuls, the results of which can only be directlv enrjotite to their earlier aims, and, sometimes even tragic. The conscientious Realtor reoJ i tho4 two very boeic inged iMita oe eeentcar1 te a suoeessKJ buse take: it rmief contain IWomiai sv6r and gwfliwid so- Vary eAa we hwo !) wwfrJ to pMno anprcs the tfiey ke beQAer advised so wo Hi er iWae year cjoe tajiiig m vte MKRsrMktMkfcov of home antf ibty. Ot eeurse, we have only dket fVa; in cases where it op- (Stjajcd t nfflywedj had not rd ajaroli hazards of etitirfjj fm4 homeeowning to their' rcr financial and socioifraical tt Happiness of 1pmeownerQ iWP PM'ble only for the family r4 is willing to taVe the time ogef facts. They cannot sftaw emotions to over-rule hard teodr realistic onalyiis. For some lilies, some houiQ represent wise buys for ethers it mi0 be untimely. , Incidentlv, many folks whom we hove O advised have returned to my office at a later dote and eon eluded safe, sound home purchases bewildered at first by our ad vice, but thankful for it later en. ORVIllF RESCHFNRERG REALTOR - 627 Pine Ph. 2-2513 - Evenings 4-3841 w . By Jimmy Hatlo Peppermint Kid Back In Pokey, Done In By Candy LONDON (UP) Eric Davis was back in jail today because of his passion for peppermints. The "peppermint kid" never smoked or drank, but a large bag of peppermints was in his pocket on all his safe cracking expeditions, . Davis, 33, got out of jail last November after a seven-year sen tence. Then he raided a Welsh quarry and stole enough dyna mite and detonators to blow hun dreds of safes. In four months he cracked 12 safes and netted about $5,600. NOMINATED PORTLAND wi Multnomah County Democrats renominated Sheriff Francis Lambert Friday and buried crime lab chief Stan ley MacDonald. It was a 12 to 5 margin that Lambert held through most of the counting. MacDonald, because ol his laboratory work in the Mult nomah County sheriff's office and as a witness in murder trials throughout the Northwest, is wide ly known outside the city. Republicans picked Kelly Dead crick, former FBI agent, as their choice for the fall sheriff's race. "Why must we have min jslers? They stay dressed up all the time, read lots of books and make life hard by their preaching. Why should we have preachers anyway?' So spoke a hard-working man re cently in caustic tones. It is a good question. Why should we have ministers? The New Testament answers this question by stating that Cod intends for us to have min isters. The Bible plainly pays that Cod "gave some, apostle; and som", prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors aed teachrrs" I Kphesians 4:11). The IVMe also calls it "a good wor V 1 1 Timothy 3:1). In this g.-nd work the pastor preaches in the worship services, officiate nl weddings and fumoals, administers bap ti.yy and the Lord's Supper, visits the sick, comforts the bereaved, counsels with tho xho O'k to help, gunk's the voting, encourages the seed, and directs the varied aclQities 0 the chnrch. He co-operates with every committee and the workers in every organization in ihe church. The pastor is to his people fchat a shepherd is to his sheep. The Lord Jesus, "that great shepherd of the sheep" (He J Attend Special Services NOW Thru May 18 At CALVARY BAPTIST. East Main ond Garden FIRST BAPTIST. North 8th and Washinqfon STEWART-LENNOX BAPTIST, Emerald & Douglass DORRIS FIRST BAPTIST, Dorris, California TULELAKE FIRST BAPTIST, Tulelake, California Peppermints ended it all. Police found a bag of pepper mints in a crashed car after an unsuccessful bank raid. They, questioned Davis who was sucking a peppermint. The searched his briefcase and found two and a half pounds ol dynamite, 47 detonators, and bat teries. There also were pepper mints. He admitted the robberies. The judge at London's Old Bail ey sent the peppermint kid back' to jail Friday for 12 years. G. T. DRAWS SENTENCE KAISERSLAUTERN, Germany (UP) Spl-3 Ralph A. Pedersen, of Fargo, N.Dak., was sentenced. Friday to three months imprison ment by a U.S. Army court mar tial for negligent homicide. Peder sen was charged with manslaugh-! Icr after an auto crash March 29 in which two German civilians died.. Chas. J. Cizek TAILOR Sulti M4 To Ordar Perfect Fit Guaranteed 119 SOUTH 7th brews 13:20), fays to all pas tnrs (shepherds) what he said to Petor, "Feed my lamlW "Feed my sheep" (John 21:15 16). Pastors are moral and ?piritual leaders. People ex pect their pastor to jrive them help in understanding and liv ing out what the Bible teaches, both as a preacher and a teacher. The pastor is not a priest to art as a mediator between man and Cod; only the Lord Jesus Christ can do that. "There is one Cod, and one mediator be tween Cod and men, the man Christ Jesus" (1 Timothy 2:5). The pastor cannot forgive sins nnr can he act as Cook's acent in the forgiveness of sins. Here ajrain only Christ can art. "Be ing justified by faith, we have peace with Cod through our Ird 9esus Christ' (Romans 5:1). In dedicated.a Cod -called preachers. Bapti have found men who arc) friends, counsel ors, and guides; men who hae fed "the ftVk of Cod . . . taking the oversight thereof, not by constraint, but willincly; nnt for filthv lucre, but of a ready mind: Neither as being lords over Cod's heritage, but beint; enample to the flock' (I Peter 5:2-3).