Herald and news., October 22, 1956, Image 6

'rAt3BSlX
FRANK. JENKINS
Editor
BILL JENKINS
Manning Editor
UAX WAtXHOFC
City Editor
Draft La w
By S1AA WAUIMUI'B
Adlai Stevenson discussed a sub
iArt n( areal imDortance to the
-.defense structure of America re-
. tcnly when he urged abolition of
the peacetime draft of young men
'"into the arriied forces. President
. Eisenhower understandably disa-:-
greed with him on this campaign
"' Immediate dissolution of the
draft in the U.S. obviously cannot
be accomplished now; especially
with the trouble spots of the world
still in such a state of foment.
But, a closer look at the cost of
the draft and of possible alterna
tives might be in order at tome
future time.
. Drafiing ' of men in the armed
forces of any nation is predicated
on the assumption that masses of
Alien must be obtained as cheaply
as possible or the defense cost
would be even more staggering
to the taxpayer than it is now.
Another factor influencing the I
thinking on drafting men for serv
ice is the democratic premice tnat
citizens from all economic and
cultural backgrounds should share
equally in the service of their
.country; .whether in peace or war,
These two assumptions are
based, of course, on the need for
.mass armies as used in World
nr.,.. f. an1 II Milliwa nf mM
were needed in these two gigan
tic contests as they were on a
smaller scale in the Korean con
flict. And sizeable land armies are
still needed even in this age of
the atomic and hydrogen bomb.
Draft laws compiled to make
all men share equally were drawn
up In both England and the Unit
ed Stales in World War I. In this
country, memories of the disgrace
ful happenings during the Civil
War when men could buy substi
tutes to do their fighting for them
were still fresh in the minds of
the public officials who wrote the
dralt laws of World War 1.
However, conditions have
changed. Even in World War II
the civilians of the larger cities
of England faced as much danger
from aerial bombardment as did
many of the members of the
armed services. Some of the ci
vilians were in even greater dan
ger than the servicemen.
And in peacetime, especially in
the U.S. armed services, the man
in uniform experiences little more
discomfort in serving his country
than if he remained a civilian.
Usually the man who is drafted
Into any of the U.S. branches of
the armed services completes his
duty period somewhat reluctantly
and returns to civilian lite as soon
as possible. And the bulk of the
draftees today serve their two
years, or six months and then
seven and one-half years In the
reserve, in the U.S. Army. The
Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps
have relied almost entirely on vol
unteers since the end of World
War II.
It is impossible to estimate how
many of the men who volunteer
for service with the branch of their
choice have, done so to escape the
draft or to choose the time when
they may leave. The number who
are influenced in this way prob
ably is considerable.
But, if tho draft was stopped
and a realistic survey of possible
belter pay, increased family medi
cal care, better prices in post and
base exchanges and food outlets,
and adequate housing for the serv
icemen was instituted then possl
bly the cost of Ihe draft to our
defense structure could be chan-
neled into these endeavors. With
these added inducements, the vol-
,,i..r r.L i .11 hr.nh.. f ,h.
unteer rale in all branches of the
service might be great enough to
allow the abolishment of the draft
at no greater cost for the defense
of the nation.
As every student of military
history can tell you, a volunteer
force has been by far the most
effective since man began form
ing bands of his neighbors to de
fend himself.
The British Army that fought
so effectively under the Duke of
'Wellington in Ihe Spanish pennin
Hilar campaigns during the last
'eari of Napoleon's time in power
is a good example of the strength
ol the volunteer system. Of course,
as Wellington called them, they
Were the "scum" of the earth;
but they beat the "invincible" le
gions of Franc even though heav
ily outnumbered in most cases.
The high morale and effective
ness of our modern Air Force
and Murine Corps Is predicated
C",.hrr''"VnlvCT.V:!of the ships announced that they
have volunteered. Not that the
U.S. Army and Navy don't have I
.i.h .i.. .IColumbus landed
r "iworid
mi kiiuw in hi mry nnte,
If either Stevenson or Eisenhow- J
er win the race for the presidency i
of the U.S., it would seem that
a really thorough study of the ad
visability of continuing the draft
would be in order sometime soon.
And at the same time perhaps,
it would be good for the nation
if the problems of the regular
services were given a close scru
tiny. I
f lt JHeralb
Entered a second elus matter at Un pom office at Klamt fall.
Or., on August 90, 0, under act of Confreu, March I. 1179
KXVICESi
ASSOCIATED PRBS8 UNITED PRESS
AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATIONS
S erring Southern Oregon And Northern California
Columbus
By KEN McLEOD
The voyages of Columbus, De
Gama and, above all, Ferdinand
Magellan did more than just out'
lino a new world, they shook the!
tenets of Christendom to the very
roots and laid the foundation for
the return of scientific thought out
of the darkness of deplorable ig
norance. Yet these men were but
common sailors, inveterate adven
turers, not men of science.
The trade of Eastern Asia had
always been a source of immense
wealth to the Western nations who
in succession were able to com
mand it. In the middle ages the
trade with the East had centered
in Upper Italy. Trade was con
ducted along two lines of travel-a
northern route by way of the
Black and Caspian Seas, with
camel-caravans beyond into the
East. The headquarters of this
line of trade was located at Genoa.
The other route was a southern
one through the Syrian and
Egyptian porta with a short car-
avan trip to the Red Sea and on
water then to India. The head
quarters of this southern trade
route centered at Venice. The
merchants of Venice engaged in
this traffic had also made great
gains in the transport service of
the Crusade-wars.
The Venetians had managed to
maintain amicable relations with
the Mohammedan powers of Syria
and Egypt; they were permitted
to have consulates at Alexandria
and Damascus, and, notwithstand
ing the military commotions of
which those countries had been
the scene, the trade was still
maintained in a comparatively
flourishing condition. The north
ern, or Genoese, trade route had
been completely disrupted by the
erutions of the Tartars and the
Turks, and the military-political
disturbanecs in the countries
along the time - worn caravan
route. Thus we find the Eastern
trade' of Genoa was not only in
precarious condition it was on
the brink of destruction. I
Thi urn a tnurh nrpri eament
for a people who lived in a flat
world with only one way to get
to the East. However, there were
a few men who used their senses
of observation the circular vis
ible horizon and its dip at sea,
the gradual appearance and dis
appearance of ships in the offing.
could not fail to incline intelligent
sailors to the belief in the globu
lar figure of the earth. The writ
ings of Mohammedan astronomers
and philosophers had given to
them that doctrine, but, as
might be expected, such profane
learning was received with disfa
vor by theologians.
When Genoa was thus on the
very brink of ruin, it occurred to
some of her mariners that, if the
profane views of the Mohamme
dan astronomers were correct, the
affairs of Genoa might be reestab
lished. A ship sailing through the
straits of Gibraltar westward,
across the Atlantic, would n o t
fail to reach the East Indies.
There were apparently other
great advantages. Heavy cargoes
might be transported without
tedious and expensive land-carriage,
and without breaking bulk.
Among the Genoese sailors who
entertained these views was one
Christopher Columbus.
Columbus tells us that his at
tention was drawn to this subject
by the writings of Averroes, but
among his friends he numbered
iToscanclli, a Florentine, who had
turned his attention to astronomy,
and had become a strong advo
cate of the globular form of the
earth. In Genoa Itself, Columbus
met with but little encouragement.
He then spent many years in
I" i. . j: it .
I';? it. ,,.
" .J ""1
TA 'c"d!y po,.?i'd oui
J,
condemned by the Council of Sal-
amanca: Its orthodoxy was con
futed by the Pentateuch, the
Psalms, the Prophecies, the Gos
pels, the Epistles, and the writ
ings of the fathers St. Chrysos
torn, St. Augustine, St. J r o m e,
St. Gregory, St. Basil, St. Am
brose. Here then was a tremen
dously formidable obstacle to the
common sailor imbued with a
profane orthodoxy.
At length, however, encouraged
by the Spanish Queen Isabella,
and substantially aided by a
wealthy seafaring family, t h t
Pinions of Pulos, some of whom
joined him personally, he sailed
on August S, 149 with three small
ships, from Palos, carrying with
him a letter from King Ferdinand
to tne urand-Khan of Tartary,
and also a chart, or map, con
structed on the basis of the ideas
of Tcwcanclli
A little before midnight, Octo
ber 11, 1491, he saw from the
forecastle of his ship a moving
light In the distance. Two hours
too had observed land. At sunrise
the New
On his return to Europe it was I
universally supposed that he had
reached the eastern parts of Asia,
and that therefore his voyage
had been theoretically success
ful. Columbus himself died In that
belief. Though gold and spict of
the Indies was not discovered, one
thing did occur, the flat world
dogma of Genesis was shaken to
its very core and slowly vanished
from the human mind.
anb Refits
lwirllia Kill
By HAL BOYLE
NEW YOKK I Eartha Kitt,
who now earns upward of $200,
(XX) a year, says she built
her whole life from a one dollar
Dill.
The dynamic Negro singing and
dancing star earned the dollar in
South Carolina 21 years ago.
"I was seven and got a penny a
pound picking cotton." she re
called. "One day I picked a
hundred pounds and I only did'
it once.
"That dollar was important to
me. I built my whole life on it. I
kept it for a lone time until we
had to spend it for food."
The dollar was a symbol to the
yun ir,.tha' Jjfe could be bet-
ter than she had known it.
"I never did have an ambi
tion more poignant than to live
a little better than I was," said
Eartha, who recently wrote at 28
hep autobiography, "Thursday's
Child."
"I never had a pointed, definite
goal. I still don't. I am a fatalist
and go with the tide. I don't be
lieve in making plans, because
what is meant for me to do I'll
do it anyway."
Eartha tried all kinds of odd
jobs before she quit school at J6
and started a career that was to
make her an international cafe
favorite.
'I mended Army clothes in
Brooklyn," she said. "I was athan wjtn-any hope or intention
snue sales gin anu a larmereue.
I was a maid. Lord, did I hate
that! I hated it more than any
thing else. My pride was hurt"
she laughed self-consciously, then
grimaced "My poor little pride.
"And now I get $200,000 to $250,
000
' year. Sounds ridiculous,
doesn't it
The long ago symbol of her first
dollar has been repladed by two
new symbols the $17,000 mink
coat she wears now in her act at
the Persian room in the Plaza
Hotel, and a new home she bought
on ,'he ;as' Sl?e- ,
, That ,hou,se ' real symbol
w security, sne saiu. Dingo me
lime I can remember, I never had
a real home of my own.. Now that
I have one it gives me a good
feeling..
"There s nothing more secure
than four walls you can call your
own that you can say. This is
mine 1 earned it.'
She is having the upper floors of
the five-story house converted into
apartments and soon Eartha, who
lived on tenant farms as a. child,
will become a landlord.
Despite her presont success Miss
Kitt reels somewhat lonely and
lost. She hasn't taken a real vaca
tion in five years.
More than anything else in the
world I want time off for a little
privacy," she said. "Now that
I'm no longer hungry I want to
just be myself for a while again,
and get reacquainted with me.
Who am I? I've been so busy I
no longer am sure.
One thing she said she was sure
she wasn I "the glamourous goM-
digger I'm afraid some people
think i am.
"That role is only show world
pretense. I've been independent
all my life, and I want to stay
that way. I'm not looking for a
millionaire.
'It's a funny thing. Our society
for some reason expects people
to marry on an equal salary bas
isas if marriage were a game of
matching dollars.
I don t feci that way. I'll prob
ably wind up marrying a man
with no money but who can whip
me with his intellect.
My greatest fear is people,
she said. They can make you
break you, particularly in
show business. There is nothing
you can do that doesn't depend on
people. , You can't be successful
without them and all my life I ve
wanted to be able to stand alone.
By JAMES MARLOW
Associated Press News Analyst
WASHINGTON l-Soviet Pre
mier Bulganin stuck his nose Into
an American election campaign
and this may mean the end to a
lengthy correspondence which
wasn't getting anywhere.
Besides, the Russian had devel
oped a habit of breathing down
Adlai Stevenson s neck. Twice he
followed up Stevenson's sugges
tions on ending H-bomb tests by
making similar proposals himself.
Bulganin has written President
Eisenhower seven letters on dis
armament since they first met at
Geneva in July 19S5. Eisenhower
has answered five times. They
could never agree.
Meanwhile, their representatives
in the United Nations, on a spe
cial commission to work out dis
armament plans, couldn't agree,
either. ,
This it the American position:
gradual disarmament with con
ventional weapons, later produc
tion of nuclear weapons would end.
But there would have to be Iron-
clad controls and Inspections from
the beginning to be sure there'd
be no cheating.
The Russians have put their
main emphasis on a ban on nu
clear weapons. They have rejected
all Western proposals for controls.
The Russians and Red Chinese
far outnumber the United .States
in manpower. It would be to their
advantage to get this country
right off to agree on banning nu -
Clear weapons in war. mow nu -
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clear weapons for the United
States offset Russian and Chinese
manpower.
This is what happened with
Eisenhower and Bulganin:
At Geneva Eisenhower stole the
show 'with a good will offer: as a
first step toward disarmament he
suggested the United States and
Russia exchange complete infor
mation about their military estab
lishments and permit each to pho
tograph the other's country from
end to end to be sure there were
no military buildups.
It's questionable Eisenhower
ever could ' have made good on
this. Congress might never have
permitted the Russians to have
that much information about this
country. But the offer at least took
the Russians by surprise. They
didn't answer.
. They finally did on Sept. 19,
19S5, when Bulganin wrote Eisen
hower his first letter. He didn't
reject the blueprint and "open
skies" proposal, but just about did.
He suggested instead an inter
national control or inspection team
to be stationed at central points,
like airports and railheads, to
check against military buildups.
Eisenhower replied: This might
be all right, if Bulganin accepted
his plans. And so it went. Letter
after letter. Bulganin. may have
been doing his letter writing more
for world good will, and to offset
Eisenhower s Geneva success,
of agreement. were looking for elk. Squires
Last April Stevenson first pro-1 backed "P. tripped in brush and
posed that this country take the'fhe bear grabbed his ankle, send
lo.w u.h.mh ding a claw through a heavy logging
He was only a candidate for the
Democratic nomination then. Bui
ganin didn't follow Stevenson at
that time with a similar proposal.
But on Sept. 5, 1958 when he
tvns thp Dpmnprfllir ranriirtatp
Stevenson repeated his proposal on
the H-bomb. Six days later, Sept.
11, Bulganin wrote another letter
to Eisenhower. ' -
He proposed ending "tests of
atomic and hydrogen weapons."
This went further than Stevenson,
who had called only for an end to
H-bomb tests, not to all atomic
weapon testing.
As the campaign wore on Stev
enson made his H-bomb suggestion
main campaign issue. And on
Oct. 17 Bulganin wrote Eisenhow
er another letter, again suggesting
the big powers end atomic weap
ons tests. '
He also said he understood this
was now an issue in the election
c a m p a i g n. Eisenhower replied
quickly. Yesterday he told Bul
ganin in effect to mind his 'own
business. -
Before Bulganin's letter arrived
Eisenhower had already said the
H-bomb tests couldn't be stopped
without foolproof guarantees
that Russia wouldn't continue hers
because it would give Russia an
advantage.
Ulood Pressure
By EDWIN P. JORDAN, M.D.
A recent issue of the Annals of
Internal Medicine, a well-known
medical journal, contains two ex
tremely interesting articles on a
disorder commonly known as high
blood pressure or hypertension.
The points ot view expressed,
are not necessarily accepted but
they certainly deserve careful at
tention. In one, a distinguished British
physician advances the view that
the current idea which holds es
sential hypertension (high blood
pressure of unknown origin) to
be a single specific disease, is not
in accord with the facts and
should . be discarded.
He points out that no single
level of blood pressure can be
selected as the dividing line be
tween those with normal and those
with abnormally high pressures. In
other words, there are people with
every possible level of blood pres
sure. The difference between them
is merely one of degree.
He foels that the evidence sup
ports the idea that blood pres
sure behaves as a graded char
acteristic. The higher It is the
greater the risk of certain disord
ers of the large arteries and bur-
d. on the nert Ratner ,
disease, therefore, he be
lieves that the blood pressure is
the result of an interplay of -inheritance,
age and environment.
If- this belief becomes generally
established, it may result in con
siderable change in our attitude
toward high blood pressure. Some
who were formerly considered to
have high blood pressure may be
thought to have normal pressures
considering their heredity and
other circumstances. Some per
sons who are considered "normal"
may be high for their circumstan
ces. Surely this is an important ap
proach to the problems of high
blood pressure whether or not it
can be proved.
The other paper deals princi
pally with establishing better
methods for deciding if a parti
cular treatment for high blood
pressure is of value.
Why is this necessary? .
It is well known that a single
reading of the blood pressure,
particularly the first in the doc
tor's office, is likely to be higher
than others. It is therefore pro
posed that the blood pressure be
measured twice daily, either in
the patient's home or in the hos
pital. This, the authors feel, would
gie a reliable level on which to
idetermine the value of any treat-
imem employed.
' They'll Do It Every Time- ) By jimmy Hatl
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;LK-VXJTA JiilPvf; WHEN ONE of the
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Grizzly Bear
Kills Hunter
AUGUSTA. Mont. (A A big
grizzly bear killed one hunter and
mauled another in a grim battle
in the western Montana mountains.
The victim was Kenneth Scott,
29. Fort Benton, Mont., farmer.
Another hunter, Viv Squires,
received a claw wound in the foot.
He said the incident occurred in
a wilderness area 40 miles west
of here Saturday. Scott died of
injuries yesterday.
Squires gave this account:
The bear jumped them as they
bol- alres kicl!ed- Tne bear
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reared up and noticed Scott on a
knoll.
Scott fired two slugs into the
bear, which then retreated.
The hunters decided to track
down the wounded bear before it
could harm others. After tracking
for four hours, they found the bear
and Squires emptied his clip of
30-30 shots into it. .
Before he -could reload the bear
charged. Scott fired two shots. His
gun jammed and he yelled for
Squires to run for safety. Squires
thought Scott was running too.
Squires went to camp to get the
other six members of the hunting
party.
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They returned to find Scott
severely mauled and the bear
gone.
They took Scott to a river Danx
for first aid. The bear again sur
prised them, but was felled by two
slugs in the neck from a rifle fired
by Morris Ernbleton, 23, Fort
Benton.
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MONDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1955
Pastor Greets
KM Members
MOBILE,' "Ala.:. OP - Robed
Klansmen, making their second
appearance at rural churches in
a week, Sunday Might were wel
comed by the pastor.. !
' A band of hooded and robed
Ku Klux Klansmen. their facm
unmasked, gathered ' at Mobile
and drove to- the Rosinton Mis
sionary Baptist Church near Lox-
ley, Ala., about 25 miles east of
Mobile.
As at the Culver St. BaDtist
Church in suburban Whistler the
preceding Sunday, they entered
the church in single file while the
pianist played "Onward Christian
Soldiers."
The Rev. Hardy Peeples greeted
the robed visitors at the door and
shook hands with E. C, Barnard,
a Mobile Klan spokesman who
apparently led the group.
"some of the boys have wanted
to pay you a visit," said Bernard,
a gunsmith.
"Glad to have you," Peoples
answered. ''Come in."
The Klansmen then marched
down the center aisle to the altar,
placed contributions on a table
next to the pulpit, and walked out
a side entrance in less than 10
minutes. Newsmen estimated that
about 50 took part. -
'About 50 Dersons attending serv
ices in the one-room frame church
Sat qUieiiy UIIUUIJII ucmuu-
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