Herald and news., December 01, 1955, Page 10, Image 10

PAGE TEN
HERALD AND NEWS, KLAMATH FALLS. OREGON
wairnmAV T)ECEMBER 1. 1955
TRANK JENKINS
Editor
' BILL JENKINS
MantclDg. Editor
Entered u second clue nutter at the post office at KUmath Palla,
Ore., on August 30, 180S, under act of Congress, March I, IMS
8EKVICE8:
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; School Problems
By MAX WAUCHOPE
The "tidal wave" ol students
which will Hood our nation's
... schools in the next ten to twenty
', years Is a problem that concerns
, everyone In the United States.
This vast Increase, and the teach
ers needed to cope with it, is one
, of Uie many problems being dls
I cussed at President Eisenhower's
! White House Education Conference
now In progress In Washington.
... DC. ..
The growth and Improvement of
education has grown with the popu
lation increase of the U.S. With
the expansion of the country since
colonial days each generation has
.; received more eduoation than the
... previous one, and more than the
', young people of other nations. In
, 1050 the U.S. had 43 per cent of
the world total of college and urn-
,.' verslty enrollments (excluding the
Soviet Union).
This sharply accelerated growth
. In enrollments coupled with severe
shortage of well-qualified teachers
' la the specter which threatens to
cause a progressive aeterioraiion
of quality at all levels ol cauca
tion in the U.S. over the next two
decades.
These facts, and many other
facets of the education problem,
are ably set forth In a pamphlet
entitled ' Teachers for Tomorrow,
published by the Fund for the Ad
vancement of Education, an en
dowment of the Ford Foundation.
The picture In Oregon, and local
ly, has been somewhat brighter
than the national average in the
relationship of number of teachers
to students, rile national average
since 1030 has been 30 elementary
students per teacher and 25 in
high school. The Klamath Falls
city system has shown about 28 stu
dents per teacher In both elemen-
tnry and secondary (this figure
will vary In some classes science.
Industrial, etc. being smaller and
social science classes sometimes
larger).
Oregon has been able to hold a
top place In the national educa.
tion picture partly because the
state has 'attracted college gradu
ates and teachers from the sys
tems of other states to augment
the sources from within the slate.
However, this source appears to
he drying up and education lead
ers from over the state have re
ported that this year the procure
merit ol teachers has reached the
critical stage.
Although the Klamath city and
county systems are In better shape
than many other systems In the
stale, or elsewhere In the nation
the local education administrators
expect the problem to become
mora acute In the coming years.
As a layman I cannot presume
to oner a solution to this most vital
national problem. Experts In edu
cation have pointed out that Im
provements In the prestige and
status of teaching; raising the sal
ary structure and defining the
toachers Job so as to challenge
end utilize effectively the interest
and ability of talented people are
three essential conditions for at
tracting and holding able teachers.
Failure to solve, this glgnntlc
problem can mean the erosion of
educational quality at all levels at
time in our history when good edu
cation Is most urgently needed.
Benjamin Franklin summed up
the answer when he snld "The
good education of youth has been
esteemed by wise men in all ages,
as the surest foundation of the hap
piness both of private families and
of commonwealths."
Salmon Hcriingn
By KEN McLEOd"
The Oregon State Division of the
Iznalc Walton League of America
at its last convention held a panel
discussion upon "Salmon, Our Her
itage and Responsibility." Dr. Da
vid B. Charlton. Portland, Ore.,
national executive of the Izaak
Walton League acted as moder
ator and in introducing the panel
pointed out that public discission
of our salmon problem is an ex
ceedingly important matter be
cause there Is a great lack of un
derstanding of the problem by the
public which is not too well in
formed. Samuel J. Hutchinson, assistant
regional director. U.S. Fish and
Wildlife 8ervlce. the first speaker
started his talk with a question:
"Salmon our heritage, what does
that mean?" A heritage he went
on Is something that has been
passed down from lather to son
and in tills sense the salmon Is
more the heritage of the Indian
than the white man, nevertheless.
the salmon Is our responsibility.
Hutchinson told of tile work of
the Fish and Wildlife Service in
recognition of that responsibility
which extends from Southern Cali
fornia to Alaska, across the sea
to Siberia and down to the Kurle
Islands, The federal government
did not become greatly concerned
lth the problem of the salmon
until after World War I when the
production of salmon fell olt at an
alarming rate. At first the gov
ernment's studies were concerned
with the Pacific Coast but In the
late 30 s It was expanded to cover
the whole Norlh Pacific after Ja
pan started to fish lor salmon
upon the high seas. The U.S. now
has two vessels working out of
PiiBrt Sound making studies of sal
mon upon the Pacific.
Hutchinson pointed out an anal
ogy between salmon and cattle,
h compared the paclflo Ocean to
a large pasture Into which the sal
mon so on feeding migrations and
like cattle in a field may be found
grating in one place at one time,
in mother plac at another. The
research vessels of the FW3 have
discovered that salmon feed hun-
died of miles out In the broad
fences that confine the range
of the salmon and steelhead are
barriers of temperature, where the
temperature rises above a critical
point the salmon do not pass that
barrier and their place Is taken
by tuna.
The FWS is concerned over the
Japanese fishery, Hutchinson stat
ed, "during the past year 62 mil
lion immature salmon were taken
by the Japanese upon the high
seas. It Is our responsibility to
find out where these fish come
from, whose fish are being taken."
Hutchinson went .on to tell how
this is being done, to distinguish
between the identity of the salmon
coming from the Asiatic mainland
from the salmon originating in
North America. This identity Is be
ing sought through the study of
blood types snd through the study
of parasites which are different in
Asia rrom North America.
Turning from the Pacific, Hutch
inson described the work going on
to solve the problem of the sal
mon on the fresh water streams
of North America. The work here
has much to do with the Installs
tion of dams and the provision of
methods to secure sate passage to
the fish over these artificial bar
riers. Speaking of the example of
Hell's Gate in Canada where in
the late 40's a "vertlcle baffle"
ladder was installed winch made
possible the passage of salmon to
spawn above the obstruction. The
result has been that just one
run of salmon over this ladder re
sulted in a commercial take of 4
million red aalmon. The salmon
were worth one dollar a piece mak
ing a cash return of 4 million
dollars the ladder cost 1 million
dollars "ladders are a responsibility."
In 1034 the rise or dams in tne
Columbia brought forcefully for
ward the problem of the destruc
tion of the salmon runs of this
great salmon nursery when the
dams became so high that the fish
could not be passed economically
over them. Orand Coule became
the end of the run for salmon and
efforts were directed to finding
new streams below this point to
which the salmon runs could be
transplanted.
Research Is gouts forward upon
the sslmon problem In many fields
of sction problem, at first It was
a matter of getting fish over tne
obstructions now it Is a matter of
getting the young fish back down
the stream safely paat the obstruc
tions. Hutchinson spoke of a new
system being tiled at the May-
Held Dam which he feels has prom
ise of solving the problem of get
ting the young fish back down
stream through a submerged out
let at the bottom of the dam. A
skimmer system directs the small
fish at the water sunace down, to
the outlet. Over 60 per cent of
the small down stream migrants
are to be found In the upper 40
feet of water, 80 per cent occur
above 100 feet, hence an outlet be
low this level will not be discov
ered by the fish. The skimmer is
expected to direct the fish to
the low level outlet,
Other studies go forward upon
other methods of herding fish in
the streams so as to make them
go in the desired direction. Elec
trical devices have been developed
In the laboratory that are able to
guide 85 per cent of the fish Into
a aafe passage. This system of
electric barriers Is costly but the
cost it not in proportion to the
value of the run of fish. Other
experiments have been conducted
with sound which nave noi proven
effective, and with light. Studies
on screening fish out of large di
versions Is a very Important fac
tor at the present time and con
siderable success has been reached
with a new type of screen that
acts much like a Venetian blind.
Iaaiivs HnM'bnll
By HAL BOYLE
NEW YORK W Oil McDoug-
ald, the distinguished young New
York Yankee Infle'.rier, has re
turned from a goodwill baseball sa
fari to Japan In top condition ex
cept for a bad case of writer s
cramp.
Everybody In japan Is Mseoail-
crasy from kids to old men." he
marveled. "They play -It day and
night all the year round. And every
tan seems to be an autograph collector,"
The Yankees, who dropped the
lf)-S!S World Series to the Brooklyn
Dodgers, did considerably better
agiiinst Japanese ball clubs. They
won all but one of their 20 games
nd that ended In a 1-1 tie, called
after Uia loth inning on account of
darkness.
I never saw fans so polite," ob
served Oil. "They never hooted
us a single time.
"The stands were completely
quiet almost like a morgue un
til the Japanese team started a
rally or a Yankee hit a home run.
Then they'd go wild "
The Yankees found the national
pasilme of Japan essentially the
same as the American national
pastime except the Japanese play
on an all-dirt Held and use a slight
ly Hunter and smaller ball.
"You can't knock it as lar. and
that bothered us a little," admit
ted MrDougald.
Hie (Hoot-plus lanky Yankee utar
gave this assessment ol Japanese
blr leaaue play:
"They aie fine In the Infield,
but seem to lack throwing strength
from the oultield. The lans were
paillculaiiv Impressed by the wsv
Hunk Bauer could pick up a line
drive to right field and throw and
catch the, runner at iirst.
"At bat the Japanese try too
hard to powerhouse ihe ball in
stead of depending on coot din-
ation."
But the most mysterious lliinii
he found in the way baseball is
said. "It was our biggest problem
The pitcher slows up at all staget
of his wlndup, and depends on his
windup to deceive the batter raw
er than on the spin or the speed
of the ball. And every two or three
innings the pitcher, worn out by
his windup, would be replaced by
a new pitcher."
"When a Japanese pitcher
jerked," said McDougald, "he goes
to the sidelines and pitches warm
ud balls for another 15 minutes.
I suppose he does It to ssve face
In front of the crowd. Anyway,
nobody boos him."
Federal Aid
' By JAMES MARLOW
WASHINGTON ' W There were
strong indications today that the
President's White House Confer
ence on Education will ' recom
mend federal aid to the nation's
schools, at least for building new
classrooms.
But if it's aa vague on that as
it was yesterday on why there are
not . enough classrooms, it will
leave the question high in the air.
Federal aid tor schools Is the
hottest question facing the men
and women who came here from
the 48 states and territories for
this meeting which ends today. It's
possible they II explode over It.
But they were far from explosive
yesterday when they approved a
report which was a consensus of
what they felt and thought.
That report was so careful, and
long-winded, It looked like a diplo
matic pronouncement by the Slate
Department for the record.
This was what the report said:
"No state represented has a
demonstrated financial Incapacity
to build the schools It will need
during the next five years. But,
with the exception of a few states,
none of the states presently has
plans which Indicate a political de
termination powerful enough to
overcome all of the obstacles."
Boiled down, this said: No state
represented at the conference had
shown It couldn't afford to pay tor
the classrooms it needed. Just be
cause they hadn't shown they
couldn't afford it, this didn't mean
they could afford it.
With an addition, the conference
then got itself on record as saying
that If the stales ever got around
to building the schools they need,
some might be able to pay their
own way and maybe some
couldn't.
But on a "political determina
tion powerful enough to overcome
all ot the obstacles":
Who was being shot at there?
The home-state politicians? Or the
people back home for not putting
enough neat on their state and lo
cal politicians to get the needed
classrooms?
nlaved in the mstenous East was
Pacific and along with them are the picthmg.
to bs found the aieelhead. The I "They use a hesitation boll," he
Santa Claus
By SAM DAWSON
NEW YORK On Santa Claus
takes over today as business
moves Into the final month of
what's sure to be its biggest year.
in December emphasis is always
on retail trade. One fourth of the
entire year'a sales volume will be
done between now and Christmas.
But that doesn't mean that many
manufacturing Industries will be
taking time off this yesr. The In
dustrial output pace Is expected
to keep on gaining. And by the
first of the year the nation's total
output of goods and services may
nudge the 400 billion dollar a year
mark tor the first time in history.
Many companies and some of the
most important Industries will be
hampered more by lack of capac
ity man ny any decline in the
steel and auto Industries. The rail
roads are slowed more by lack of
enough freight cars than anything
else,
Other Industries, oartlcularlv
those uslnir metals, renort their
chief problem now Is material
shortages or delays In deliveries
from metal producers. There is
wide belief that December will see
many companies still striving, with
only moderate success, to build up
inventories.
Some are betting that the Fed
eral Reserve Board's Index of in
dustrial production, which hit a
record 142 in September and Octo
ber, will push to 144 this month,
helped In part by this urge to build
Inventories. The Index uses the
1947-49 output average as its base
of 100.
Retail trade starts the month off
with a bang. Sales volume Is al
ready at least 7 per cent higher
lhan a year aso. Most merchants
think this year's Christmas trade
will top last year's by 10 per cent.
Far-iiipiV IMigli.
By BRUCE BIOSSAT
Of Ihe many things politicians
have said about the farm prob
lem, perhaps the most curious la
that Ihe bulging crop surpluses In
government hands are a side is
sue unrelated to the main diffi
culty. Surpluses are the very heart of
the matter and have been for
more than three decades.
First In World War I and again
In World War IT. the American
farmer was encouraged to pro
duce tar more than had previous
ly been his custom. When war
lime and early postwar demand
was over, the farmer's excess out
put depressed the market.
In the 1930's this led to an ag
rlcullural depression that farm
ers never forgot. When this coun
try was on the threshold of World
War II. the farmer's friends In
Congress arled to prevent a re
currence. Thev adopted the price
support legislation which would
bring government loans and pur
chases Into the picture If the mar
ket sagged.
In the last few yeara that de
cline has occurred. Farm Income
has fallen despite price supports.
nd government warehouses have
been filled to overflowing with
crops taken off the farmers
hands.
All efforts to cut deeply Into
the surpluses seem to have failed
because the farmer produces
more and more from less snd less
acreage In his continuing battle
to offset dropping market prices,
acreage controls, and so on.
By now it ought to be plain the
problem Is chronic. The farmer
has learned how to produce con
siderably more than the country
absorbs in normal times. Neither
government regulations nor mar
ket conditions effectively curb this
extra output. ,
And neither government nor
anybody else has found a way to
Insure that the farmer shall par
ticipate according to his numbers
and his importance in the general
economic gains the nation is
steadily making.
The price support program Is a
crude, costly wartime makeshift
that aggravates the problem rath
er than solves It. What we need is
an entire new, inventive approach
to the farmer's difficulty. It would
be both heartening and refreshing
if either one of our political par
ties could conceive such an ap
proach.
Heart Murmurs
By EDWIN P. JORDAN, M.D.
Oone are the days, thank good
ness, when every child with a
heart murmur was put to bed for
months or years and made Into a
chronic invalid. Nevertheless, the
discovery of a neart murmur m a
youngster frequently causes the
parents to become considerably
alarmed.
One mother, for example, re
cently wrote, "My daughter, age
6, has a heart murmur and I
have been told she will outgrow
this by the age of 15, and not to
worry about it. Can you give me
further Information?"
Apparently, in this case the lit
tle girl's physician feels that the
child has whst Is known as a
functional"- heart murmur. This
kind of thing is quite common in
children and it does not mean that
disease is present. Functional
murmurs are outgrown and need
not interfere in any way with
the life and activities of the young
ster who has one.
When a murmur Is heard, how
ever, It is always necessary to de
cide whether it is functional or
the result ot heart disease and if
it Is the result of disease, whether.
the disease is active or healed.
Most ot those murmurs in
youngsters resulting from disease
are caused by rheumatic lever.
Some, of course, are the result
of defects which were present at
birth and are called congenital
murmurs.
The heart murmurs resulting
from rheumatic fever are, of
course, potentially more serious
than functional murmurs. It is
necessary in each case to decide
where the murmur is coming
from; that is, what part of the
heart is involved, how badly the
heart has been damaged, and
whether or not it is progressive.
Actually, even in many eases
of heart murmurs from rheumatic
fever, the outlook is pretty good.
though in others tne activity may
have to be restricted and other
llieHsuicH maimneu.
Most of the heart murmurs from
birth defects sre fairly serious.
Some of them are responsible also
r n.ui k.u!.. ...1.1.1. ..........
iui me uiuc uajica wim-ii rvci,v
one has heard of Today many
of these can be corrected by heart
surgery.
Until the whole situation has
been carefully studied, It is im
possible to know what if any
thing needs to be done for the
youngsters (or grownup) with a
heart murmur.
Of course, someone with a mur
mur and signs of serious inter
ference with functioning of the
heart must receive treatment and
usually cannot undertake strenn
ous physical exertion. In fact In
the severe cases rest in bed may
still be necessary.
Nevertheless, the outlook for
most patients with a heart mur
mur is now considered to be pret
ty good. Many people with this
symptom can lead practically nor
mal lives.
As time goes on more and .more
is being learned about this sub
ject. Encouraging developments,
too, can be expected from our
increasing knowledge about
rheumatic fever and the remark
able progress In heart surgery.
With what we know about pre
venting rheumatic fever we can
hope and expect that heart mur
murs of this origin will become
less frequent.
(uoleN
By VNITKI) PRKSS
CALCUTTA, India Communist
Party chief Niklta Khrushchev,
speaking at a banquet attended
bv Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru of India:
India and Russia have Joined
hands to rid the world of colonialism."
CALCUTTA. India Prime Min
ister Nehru speaking at the same
banquet after Khrushchev finished
an attack on Western disarmament
plans'
T also am opposed to arma
ment, but I have no right to critl
clfe others If they follow then
own way. We only want to sta
away from them."
WASHINGTON ' Tamilian
Hall Democratic leader Carimue
t Saplo, In announcing that New
York delegates to the 19.18 Demo
cratic National Convention will
place the name ot Oov. Averell
Harrlman In nomination:
' It Is foolhardy to try to (tiles;
what Ihe people will think or wan:
in the way of a candidate more
than eight months from no."
Sparkman Labels Harriman
'Utility Man' Candidate
WASHINGTON -Gov. Averell
Harriman of New York was de
scribed by Sen. Sparkman (D-Ala)
in sports language today as a
"utility man" candidate for the
1956 Democratic presidential nom
ination. Harriman has said he Is not an
active candidate for the nomina
tion although he exDects to be New
York's "favorite son" choice
But Harriman' Chief bnoater.
Tammany leader Carmine De
Sapio, said yesterday the historical
role of New York governors in
party affairs "should dispel the
idea that Harriman is onlv a token
or favorite son candidate."
bparkman. who heard DeSaolo'a
talk to the National Press Club,
said in a later interview he thinks
DeSapio "is eneased in holdlnr
Oov. Harriman in reserve for
whatever might happen in the pre
convention campaign."
He has the governor In a
'utility man' role where be could
be rushed into the contest at any
time," he added.
Sparkman said he doesn't think
Harriman'a advanced status poses
any new threat to Adlal E. Steven
son, the 1952 candidate whom
Sparkman is supporting in his race
for the 1958 nomination.
The senator said he couldn't
Imagine anything that might knock
Stevenson out of his place as front
runner except unexpected defeats
in presidential delegate
primaries,
Stevenson plans to visit New
York next week to discuss finan
cial and other campaign plans
with supporters there. But it is
considered unlikely that he will au
thorize any move now toward
chipping his way inte the state's
N nominating vote, DeSapio prJpfrrtW
dieted these will be united behind I af Chicago iAuguit.
HOMES - AUCTION SALE - BUILDINGS
, DECEMBER 13, 1935 3:00 P.M.
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