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About The Columbia register. (Houlton, Columbia County, Or.) 1904-1906 | View Entire Issue (April 27, 1906)
-J c THE SMALL GARDEN. V - J-.- How to Make a Pock Yard Sipply the Tjblc Vrflf ubles. Jr 4 arg -3 Havpyoua small garden! If not. why? There U do reason hy anyone with the slightest taste for the pursuit should not be successful In raising 4 garden with very small expense or effort. Unfortunately in most works on horticulture, and in alt short art icles on the subject it is taken tor granted that the reader has some pre vious knowledge of the business, or at ny rate has his garden already pre pared by an expert. This will not be the case with many who intend to move into suburban homes this spring, eo it is for their benefit the following hints are given. Even the circum scribed area available at the back of a twenty-live foot frontage, will, if prop erly handled. Tarnish enough green delicacies to materially reduce the grocery bills during the summer, and add much to the health and comfort of the family, for a twenty-five foot lot of ordinary depth should permit the rear fifty feet to be used for gardenlaf purposes. i In many Instances careless contract ors scatter the subsoil removed when excavating basements all over the lot When this has been the case the work of preparing the garden ground is in creased as this unfertile soil must be removed, until not more than three inches are left on the plot it Is pro posed to cultivate. When this Is well leveled the ground can be treated the same way as if still covered with sod. the trenching being carried slightly deeper. The ground having been made reasonably level the best course to pursue is to stretch a garden line three feet from the fence lengthwise of the plot, and parallel with it stretch an other, leaving a space of two feet be tween them. Cut along both lines with a sharp spade, and a turf path clear to the alley la,the result. Prob ably the sod on this will not at first lock very tempting, but constant travel over it, if not too frequent, will im prove it so that In time It will afford a smooth green walk. Now dig a trench a foot wide and a foot deep across the end of the three foot space ltwmi the fence and the path, plac ing the soil removed, somewhere con venient for future use.. Into this trench throw the sod removed fromthesecond foot, taking care to invert it when do ing so, and then add a thick layer of coarse manure, tramping it well down. On top of this throw a deep spadeful of the underlying soil, an i repeat tbe : .! . t . -- 1" ." fc Market Gardener Cutting Asparagus Tip, process until the bed Is all dug over. Aj soon as the surface is dry rake In thoroughly a dressing of fine manure, mixed with a liberal amount of lime, and & little coarse salt. Then smooth and level the ground, giving a slope of about a foot from the fence to the edge of the path. Follow the same course on the otter 6lde of the lot, and at the rear end. This mode of procedure furnishes two beds fifty feet long and one of fifteen which are available for climbing plants, with a permanent walk around the garden giving access to the alley on both sides. The 6pace between the paths if treated In the same fashion, will be sufficient to provide five beds, each eight by fifteen feet leaving be- IDEAL GROWTH OF TOMATOES A f EW lATi .tween them a shallow trench a foot wide to serve as a weeding path, and as a drain for carrying off the surface water, an outlet being provided for this alongside either or both the lon Kltudiual walks as circumstances may require. These beds should be neatly rounded up with soil taken from the Intervening spaces and as soon as dry, thoroughly raked and smoothed. They will then furnish an admirable seed bed that should be almost free from seeds. th undersoil of which their surface ia composed, not taring been exposed to lnpregnatlon. ClY UllOU MlKhttl. A garden so constructed will stand great extremes of wet and drouth, for it is a mistake to suppose that plants on well laid up bod suffer In dry weather, on the contrary they will continue to thrive when those on the level are withering, so no one need be afraid of making high beds, though eighteen inches from the crown to the foot of the ditch Is sufficient elevation unless the location Is very low. Some people might think that to devote so much space to paths with such a small area available is & useless waste. This is not the case, for the frequent paths enable the gardener to till and gather his crops without the necessity of treading on the cultivated ground, an advantage that far offsets the loss of space. The same plan may be followed on property a lot and a half wide, though. If two full lots are available, an additional grass walk down the centre will be useful, and add much to the appearance of the garden, which, if all lines are kept perfectly m$fas!&. . ----- Mi A SMALL GARDEN WITH CAREFUL CULTIVATION Will PftOWXE A6UNDX1T CROPS Of FBE5H NtGETABLE5. straight, will In any case be attractive, even when the beds are bare. It is obvious that to ensure sym metry, and for many other reasons, a plow is entirely out of place in gardens of this size. In order to achieve success the work must posi tively be done by hand and conscient iously done at that The expense Is really very small, and need only be incurred once, for a garden so con stucted will need very little work to prepare it the second season. As to the use to be made of the lxds when proporly prepared, much depends on the taste of the gardener. I but a very good way to utilize the fences on either side is to sow along them scarlet runners mixed with other beans. The runners with their gor geous flowers which bloom from June till October are very ornamental. They are also prolific croppers, and despite an absurd prejudice against them, the young pods, when cooked green, are delicious, while the shelled beans are superior to limas. Scarlet runners may be planted as soon as the ground Is warm, even as early as mid April, for the bean itself remains in the ground sending only its shoot to the surface. They should be sown two at a time; about four inches deep, and a foot apart, so that when all danger of frost is over, more delicate beans may be planted between them. The best for this purpose are Cranberry, Kentucky Wonder and Golden Clus ter, as their flowers and pods form a charming contrast with those of the runner. In order not to interfere with the early care of the climbers it would be well to leave the space between them and the grass walks va cant until tomatoes, cabbages and pep pers are ready to plant out by which time, if the soil has been kept well pulverised, the beans will be able to care for themselves. The little bed at the foot of the garden might ba PLANTS ALSO AFFORD A PICKLE SUPPLY. devoted to Japanese climbing cucum bers. They do well in this, climate md their fruit Is more symmetrical and cleaner than that of the creeping variety, which take up too much room to be available in a small garden. As to the five centre beds they should of course be mainly devoted to vegetables that are at their best when fresh gathered. Peas belong to this category, and besides yielding well, are almost a sure crop for an amateur to raise. The eight feet wide beds should be marked out In straight rows, tlie first one a foot from tbe ditch, the next two feet from It. and the same on the other side. The two middle rows of the first bed should be planted with a second early pea. such as Heroine or Dwarf Telephone and the outside two with an extra early, such as Motts Excelsior, as this ar rangement enables the peas first ready to be picked without disturbing the others. The same course should be pursued in the second bed. a second early filling the outside rows, while one of the giant late varieties such as Stratagem or Puke of Albany oc cupies the other two. Nothing Is more vexatious to a gardener than to raise a patchy crop. To avoid this the drills should always be made four Inches wide. For p'aa they should be three or four Inches deep according to the heavy or light nature of the soil. The seeds may be planted some what thickly, say a doien to each four Inches of row of the width recommend ed. When six Inches high, the soli should be drawn well against the outer stems in order to induce the plants to lean towards the centre of the bed The third bed may well be used for crops suitable for sola. The two centre rows being devoted to & late and early lettuce, the outside ones to white barletta onions, which are a sure crop and the best variety for bunching or pickling. They will do best in tbe outside rows, as then they can more easily be weeded and thinned out and may be gown quite thickly an Inch deep In drills four inches wide. To mark the rows radish seed should be sprinkled very lightly In them. Th A pprttra mar nf th npYt should be sown with earlr beans to , MAILNER KREN " New Horvralish (rom Kohc-niia.An Improved and Excellent Variety lor Garden ViC. supply jwds. Valentines for a green variety, and Ward well's Wax for a yellow otie are probably the besL The outside rows should be reserved for beets, as they require thinning and weeding. The centre rows of the fifth bed should also be put in beans, late varieties being chosen that are suitable for shelling, just as they reach their full sie. Yellow Swedish and Red Flageolets are far the best for this purpose. One- outside row should be sown to Chard, a delicious and pro lific vegetable much neglected in this country, while the others will sup ply plenty of radishes if they are sown broadcast. On a double lot a bed or two should be reserved for early po tatoes, as nothing is better than the young tubers when fresh dug, but they begin to deteriorate very rapidly as soon as exposed to the nlr, for nothing equal In flavor to home grown product can be obtained from a market man. With regard to culture, no matter how strong the temptation may be, no one should ever attempt to do any thing In a garden when the foliage Is wet with dew or rain, or until the soil Is sufficiently dry to crumble between the fingers without adhering to them, and If it can be avoided no foot should ever press the cultivated ground. The most efficacious tool In any garden Is a sharp and narrow rake, which should be constantly run between the rows whenever the ground Is dry. Except In very wet seasons this implement when frequently used will suffice to keep down all weeds between the rows, which it also keeps the soil sufficient ly pulverized to act as a watering pot as well. An expert gardener seldom needs to use a hoe, except when pre paring his beds for a second crop, or when a spell of rainy weather has I i rendered the tu of a rake unadvls-l abto for quits a long perUM. There are several varieties of hand planters on the market the bent of htch much labor when planting the coarser seeds, but a drill or wheel bo I un necessary In a small garden. Many suburban garvlenershavewatrr available. This la not an unmixed bletmlng. for to pray plants In hot dry weather Is a fatal mistake. At such time the foliage U Uot prepared by nature to revolve an arttruial sup ply of moisture, while If the plants once become accustomed to il they must have It regularly. Constant rak ing is far better than watering for If no crust Is allowed to form on the surface of the soil the plants will al ways find enough niol.-turo, unless a very long drought sets In. Kvcn when this Is the caso spraying should never be resorted to, the only safe course to pursue being to block the outlet drain and to place the hose so us to fill the drainage system, but even this must never be done until after sunset Seed should always be sown In dry soil but Immediately after a bed has been seed ed quicker germination ran be secured by giving the ground a moderate soak ing though after tho young shoots ap pear they will not nend their roots down deeply If constantly watered, and tho rootlets that penetrate the soil In search of moisture not only find what they are alter, but a good deal of useful plant food as well. As to fertilizers, a wagon load or two or fairly coarse manure may be used, to good advantago during the trenching procesa If It Is carefully stamped down on top of the sod thrown In the trenches, but afterwards nothing but fine well rotted manure should bo used which should bo at least two yeara old In order to avoid the danger of Importing the seed of noxious weeds. This should be thor oughly incorporated with the soil after the crops have been gathered In tbe fall. As to commercial fertlll.'.ers outsldo lime and salt though good In their place, I fancy amateur gardeners are better without them. Keally the rake, besides being tho best watering not. Is the best fertilizer I know of, for Its constant use permits the air to reach the roots of the growing plants and the atmosphere carries more elements necessary for vegetable life than can U supplied by any chemical compound. With retard to second crops. No gardener worthy the name ever per mlts any space to lie fallow. If It 1 posslblo to raise a second crop on . The pea vines, as soon as picked over, should be cleared away, and the space they occupied sown with beans, quick crowing varieties of which may be planted with good prospect of their yl.lillng a crop ns late as nui Juiy. The only preparation the bed will need Is loosening up, not turning over, with a four tlned stable fork, and then ho Ing In a barrowful of lino manure. The first beans ready should aIo bo fol lowed by a second crop, early varieties being rhosen. and any ground that w comes vacant between the end of Juiy and the middle of August should bo llirhtly sprinkled with turnip seed, and well raked over. After that date radishes are the only safo crop to sow If these slmnlo directions are faith fully followed, especially those relat ing to the first preparations of the ground, any amateur gardener Is bound to raise a succession of crops which will go far towards supplying the family with green deleeanes. even If his enercles are confined to a very limited area. Itimt TATLOa. lO.Vfi ISLASD'S ItAKREa LAM'. Protect to Make Them rrooucitv -Railroad Making r ipcrimem. Another railroad ha t-ssnycil the problem of reclaiming lanu. iui time It Is tbe I.'"g hlaud ltallroaJ Cotnpanv. It has tik u under Its cou tro! a plot of land containing about seventeen acres near tbe end of tho corth shore of the Wand. Ttic innu is typical of much of that on Long Is land. It l known us pine-narreusv is considered sterile owl I In the full est enp of tho word waste land. Tho railroad company will ebUUUsU tn e xpriiui'uL'il fruit nnd vegetable farm. Th company nli Intends to establish an experimental farm near the middle of tin- Island ami another tn the South shore. Suffolk county h:m an area of 73!), 117 acres of which -1 ,) have been esteemed of so littl value that they Lave never brn assessed for taxes, and the value of 'jwhmi acres of tbe remainder is so slight that the ui'-s levied Lave been nominal. The des patches telling of this experiment of tbe Long Island ICallroad announce that several other railroad companies nil be Interested spectators of the ra. nits, which if satisfactory will be accepted as examples worthy to bo followed. American r&ldroads not only on en irp dcw land to settlement, but exert Uiemwlves to attract settlers and at. o reclaim waste land. The railroads of the west Lave don effective work m promoting emigration to that section and the roads of the south and south west are now particularly active in soliciting Immigration. The sonthenj lines have, perhaps done more than any othet agency in turning the tide of Italian Immigration) into the cotton asd sugar fields and tLe xnlll dUes of the BOG tb. Enough ia Enough, Quitting work with a million dollars saved in twenty-five yeara, the mana ger of the Waldorf-Astoria in New York seta an example that might well be followed by those men who got the money-making craze and develop from "captains of Industry" through "plutocrats" to something worse. Thomas II. Illllard came from Ireland when be bad attained his majority. He Is now forty-six and a millionaire, having made It all in hotel manage ment and a careful Investment of his savings. He is of the opinion that he has worked hard enougH and long enough. Acquaintance with tho range of hotel prices, In connection with ho tel tips, would Indicate that be had also worked people enough, although tbero -lias -'beea nothing In Mr. Hil lard's career to show that he has ever made an overcharge. On the other band, he has devised many of the modern conveniences that add to the delegability of hotel existence. But the best thing be has done has been to know when he bad enough and to stop when lie got IL Mnc Million How af Work. It'a plowing time. Two .hundrej million acres of land wltl bo plow! this year In the t'nlted States and about 9.000,000 plow are on the farms to do the work. The capital luveld In plows alone represent $SO,tH)0,(HH). Such a multitude of type of plows and plowers ran bo found on thin old continent that we ran but name a few. In the groat southwest the Mo have with hi threo or four sua- starts for the planting ground. Kuch woman carrlod her digging stick, the tuoNt primitive of fall plow, and th man stands guard all day' whllo tho original farmer" of this country dig the land and plant their gourd sevd. In Canada but for the Interference of the government we mUht see- the IViukhaW women drawing the plow In exactly the same way that they have done for centuries. In New England the oxen are being yoked. and In tho middle west the fourhorm team an ready. In the south th nei;ro sits on hi plow hilt to wutch the train go by. In other part of the country we find traction enislnes at work, plowing forty or more acres a day and n-qulr- Ing but two or three men to do It MISTAKES AIMl'T Mt OTISE. Decan't Accumulate In I'lpc Mcm- Vrry Little Nicotine Poisoning. There ar probably few subjects about which more people are misin formed than nicotine. Nearly everyone speak of the dark brown substance which ha about the consistency and color of molasses aud accumulate In tho stem of pipe a nicotine. According to a aelcnUnu ar ticle, it U not iiicotlno at all. aud It has no tilcotlno lu It. It I nothing but tar tobacco tar. distilled from tho kmoke, Jutt M coal tar I distilled from coal ami pine tar from pine wood. One, might swallow nil tho tobacco tar that a rank clay plpo contains without serious harm. If bo swallowed tho same quantity ol nl'otlno he would probably bo dead lns.!. of flvt minute. It I the tar that stain the pliN and It Is the same tar that Mains tho cigarette smoker' finder. It U also found itiiil'lc the !nitrtls of one who Inhale hiuoke, and It puts An Indelible dtalu on mustaches. It I true that tobacco contains more ntcotln than any other known plant, but nicotine U not a plentiful article lu nature. The rankest Ken tucky tobacco contain l s than 8 per cent of nicotine, snd the finer grades of tobacco, such a Havana, have less than 2 per cent. Om often bear cigarette condemn ed because tbe smoker get so much more nicotine 'through Inhaling the smoke. Tbe f a t la that a cigarette smoker gets almost no nicotine, bo cause tho tobacco of which cigarettes nre made contain next to no nico tine. Turkish and Kgyptlan tobaccos carry only a trc of nicotine, and sort) of them none at all. Hut no matter how much of this deadly element a tobacco contains, tho smoker doe not gi t It Nicotine I not extracted by burning the tobac co. Hunting destroys It entirely. One o' en bear of nicotine poison Ing. but It 1 very doubtful if there U any such thing. When one I poison ed with nicotine h die, and be doesn't g t iwilsoneil by smoking, There are plenty of good reasous why smoking should not be carried to ex cess, but nlcotlno poisoning Is not ono of tbent. As Pit Mrs. Slowe: "I am so glad your brother enjoyed bis visit to us, Mr. Ureene." Mr. Greene: 'Oh, bo Is the sort of youngster who ran enjoy himself any where, you know." , fit P. 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