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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 8, 1963)
SUNDAY. "Bvaryona lo Southern Oresoa Ratila Th M1 Trihiina71 Published Daliy except Saturday by MEDFORD PRINTING CO. ,3 North TIT St, Ph. 1711-6141 ROBERT W r0HU Editor HERB GREY Advertising Manaaor GERALD T. LATHAM, Bui Mgr ERIC V ALLEN JR.. Mm. Editor EARL H ADAMS, City Editor HARRY CH1PMAN, Teleg Editor RICHARD JEWETT, Sporta Editor OLIVE STARCHEU Women'a Edltoi DALE gBICKMON, ClrculaUon Mfr An Indeoendent Newaoaoel Entered aa aecond class matter at Medford, Oregon, under Aot of March 3. 1807 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Mali In Advance Dally and Sunday 1 year 118.00 Dally and Sunday 6 moa 10.00 Daily and Sunday 3 moa. o.OU Sunday Only On year $5 00 Single Copy IMalledl J0o By 'jarrltr And McVjr ffouta. lully and Sunday) year tlft ou Dally and Sunday l mo. i.ia Sunriav Only 1 mo. 800 Carrier and Vendora Copy lQo Otflclil Paper of City of Medford urnciai i-aper or jacasoo vuuntj United Preaa International run Leased wire V. P. 1. Tclephoto Newsplcturea MEMBER Or AUDIT-BUREAlT NELSON ROBERTS & ASSOCI ATES Of'lcea In New York. Chi cago. Detroit, San Francisco. Loa Angelee. Seattle, Portland. Denver. IWSPAPII NATIONAl (0ITOIIAI N Member California Newspaper Publlshera Association Flight o' Time Medford and Jackson County History from th files of Tha Mall Trlbun 10, 20, 30, 40 and SO yean ago. 10 YEARS AGO Dec. S, 1953 (Tuesday) A valley mechanc, apparently despondent over marriage prob lems, fired three shots into his sleeping 3-year-old daughter and took his own life afterward yesterday. Jackson County employment, as expected, continued to de cline during November. 20 YEARS AGO Dec. S. 1043 (Wednesday) City Police Judge Ralph Woodtord reports $184 collected in fines during November. From Arthur Perry's "Ye Smudge Pot" column: "Who remembers the bygone days when at this season of the year, the only drafting going on was the schedules of CCC camp bas ketball teams?" 30 YEABS AGO Dec. 8. 1033 (Friday) Circuit Judge H. D. Norton resumes duties after being ab sent because of Illness. Dr. A. F. W. Fresse elected president of Jackson County Medical Society and Dr. It. W. Stearns named to attend state convention. 40 YEARS AGO Dec. 8. 1923 (Saturday) u.L,nn Tnttnlv ninneers at tend dedication of memorial tablet at historic Jacksonville Methodist Episcopal Lhurcn. w II llnmlln. Innstime coun t motion! . recalls time in 1871 ...nn thra foot nf SHOW Stood on ground in Medford area for six weeks. 50 YEARS AGO Dec. 8, 1913 (Monday) U.S. Attorney C. L. Reames leaves for New York after de livering principal address at Elks Memorial in Ashland. Mo,lfnrrl llvorv stable WOlker accused of posing as bartender at Moore s saloon to stem two hnitlns nf whiskev : at tempts to make off with loot hidden in apron. What's Your I.Q.7 fcj;.. tn earraet Is auo fler: seven or elaht Is icallent; five ei six is good. t. With what industry do you associate the words Chelten ham, Caslon, Gothic? 2. Does the Statue nf Liberty hold the torch in her right or left hand0 3. In what country is Guy Fawkos Day celebrated? 4 Name the Montana man who is Senate majority leader. 5. The title of the wife of a Maharajah Is what? 6. What are the male, female, and young of a deer called? 7. What is the name for the tribunals that try military per sonnel for military offenses? 8. In what U. S. city was Pres ident McKinley shot? 0. Which of these planets can most closely approach the earth: Venus, Mars, Mercury? 10. What is considered the most valuable Rem? Answrrs: 1. Printing. 2. Itlghl hand. 3. In England. 4. Mike Mansfield. 5. Maharanee. 6. Buck, dne, faun. 7. Courts mar tial. 8. Buffalo. N. Y. S. Venus. 10. Oriental ruby, found In Bur ma and Thailand. 4 A I VjJAMOCIATION DECEMBER I, 1963 The Oswalds Among Us What kind of a man was Lee Harvey Oswald? How did he get that way? The pieces are beginning to fall in place, as more and more is known about him and his past. An introverted and unhappy boyhood led to an introverted and unhappy manhood. He didn't like his own country; he He couldn't get along pro-Castro committee amiiation. He failed as a Marine, he failed as a citizen, and, ultimately, he failed as a human being. was this so? which warped the Uswam also operate to warp tne mind and per sonality of other youngsters? . We all know the answer. Of course they do. There are potential Oswalds in every community in the country who, for one reason or another, do not fit the pattern of life today, and in rejecting it, find other and often unacceptable patterns of behavior. The jails, prisons, correctional institutions and mental hospitals are full of them. And at what a terrible cost to society. AT ONE time in the nation's history, there was n nlar'O fnv tViouo my lurl liiutorl rhui"jrtni'o tn go the frontier. Often, in the wide open spaces they found themselves, and the history of the westward movement is full of men who, while they could not get along in organized society, were fully capable of living in the wilds, and even making successful careers for themselves. Today the frontier, the wide open spaces, is gone. And all men must find their place in so ciety, whether they are equipped to do so or not. As the population increases, so will the number of persons who cannot make the adjustment un assisted. And so too will the forces which warp the minds and personalities of these weak and defenseless souls. So, as a matter of self-protection, and as a matter of long-range economy (to say nothing of the humanitarian aspects), society has been forced to begin using its resources to help them. IT HAS started counselling services in the schools. It has organized a system of public health measures, which more and more is devot ing its attention to mental and personality quirks. And it is setting up child guidance and family counselling clinics. It is difficult to measure the effectiveness of such measures. But it is much easier to measure the costs if they fail. They are measured in the millions of tax dollars poured into police protcc- uuii, me l-ouius. uie . ana, otner institutions, to say society of constructive, taxpaying citizens. If these social services are able to salvage only one child a year from a hopeless and use less life, they will, in the long run, have paid for their own cost of operation. AT BUDGET time last year, pleas were pre COM J-nr. fr. flio .Tontcnti fi-i unfit Knrl irnf iniiimit. uviivvu tu mils u txv. noun tee for needed funds for 1 M.. ii: ami lamuy counselling denied. It may be idle to speculate on the results, or lack of them, this particular action might cause. But it is not idle speculation to observe that we're going to have to do far more than at present if the safety and security of society is to be pre served from the potential Lee Harvey Oswalds who are growing up in our midst. E.A. A "Waste" of Funds? The newspapers of Oregon were peppered with letters to the editor, before and just after the Oct. 15 election, in which the writers sharply attacked the use of public funds to maintain a guard at the home of Gov. Mark Hatfield. The guard had been ordered there by the Legislature, on evidence showing that the Gover nor had been the target of vicious mail and tele phone calls, of vandalism at his home, and once of bullets which struck his automobile only min utes after he and his wife and two small children ha'1 left it. Since the assassination of President Kennedy, we haven't seen any such letters, and hope to see none. Is it a "waste" of public funds to pro tect the lives of our Chief Executive and his fam ily, who, by the very nature of the task we have elected him to do, is the target of cranks and nuts who will not stop short of violence? Surely not. E.A. Betancourt Without coine; into details, it is a pleasure to note that Venezuela has passed, with flying colors, a major test of con stitutional democracy far too rare in Latin lands. President Betancourt has served his term and,! against the violent opposition of pro-Castro j forces, has given the nation a free election itsj second in history. He will now step down, having! none me 100 ne sei out to do. I All this, of course, shows un for the nonsense I they are the accusations tlanung red, which were tossed around so freely a year ago by the likes of Dan Smoot. E.A. didn't like Russia, either with others, even in the with which he claimed And do the same forces mind and personality of prisons, nosimais aiut nothintr of the Joss to vuuuv ejitvii, unniin,- the local child guidance ..i' j i -..i.T.i- cunic, iuncis wmen were Vindicated all the backuround and that Betancourt was a MEDFORD "It's The Christmas Season Time To Hang Up The Legislation" e3 ON CONTINUING In the preceding article I talk ed about some of the difficulties at home and abroad which com plicate President Johnson's in tention to continue the policies of President Kennedy. It is tak ing too simple a view of his problems to overlook the dead lock and standstill which pre vail at home and abroad. Although President Kennedy might have waited until he had been re-elected, he could not have put off indefinitely a seri ous reappraisal of many of his foreign policies. The condition of affairs has changed tremen dously since these policies were first conceived and formulated. They were addressed to the world of the late 1940s and the 1950s when there were two, and only two, great powers. Now, there are several, and the two big nuclear powers are finding that in the outer world their control is weakening and their influence diminishing. IT WILL be necessary to reap praise the policies which come down from the time when the non-Communist world, and particularly the European part of it, looked to Washington for leadership because it depended wholly upon the United States for its defense against commu nism and for its recovery from the war. This abnormal relation ship had to come to an end. It was the avowed purpose of our postwar policies to bring it to an end. And though it is human to cling to a superior place, we must recog nize that Europe has recovered and enjoys a freedom of action hitherto denied it. This is be cause the balance of power has been organized successfully to rule out great war. By the end of the 1950s, when the New Frontier was strug gling to come into power, the abnormal preeminence n( the United States had already be gun to fade away. The phenom enon was then ascribed to the weakness of Eisenhower and not to the nature of things. It was necessary at that time lo prepare ourselves for giving up our former position of undis- ! puled leadership. Insofar as our European policies have been working badly, it is not so much because General De Gaulle is spoiling them but because events have overtaken them. General De Gaulle has not brought about the decline of NATO and the American-led Atlantic partner ship and the primacy of the United Slates in all the underde veloped continents. General De Gaulle is pointing out the de- I cline of an American leadership j which was temporarily neces ! sary but inherently abnormal abnormal in regard to the na "Control yourself he people like thai V ! 'p! I MM ! (' S DALLAS I 11 " I J l VISITORS L.L ! a, (wQ4fHWy'w ' wW yi $l?y MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, Today and Tomorrow By Walter Lippmann (C) 1963 The Wjihlnglon Post tional spiirt of the Europeans, abnormal also in regard to the historic traditions of the Ameri cans. TN MY view, President Johnson 1 will do well to begin with a confident acceptance of an ac complished and unavoidable fact that our position in relation to Europe is no longer that of guar dian and tutor. From abjuring the pretension to superiority in world leadership will come, one may hope, the end of that eager- beavensm which has interferred with our serious thinking and has done nothing but irritate and destroy confidence. We should accept the fact that since we are no longer needed or able to lead Europe, the time is over for hot-foot missions to Paris and London and Bonn and Rome to sell some one of our devices. It is time to relax and wait considerately and receptively for proposals from Europe. It is most emphatically not the time for the new President to consider traveling abroad, for him to listen lo the naive argu ment that, face to face with the European leaders and with suf ficiently large crowds cheering him along, Europe will relapse once more mlo the dependent posture of the 1940s and the early 1950s. The time before our elections is too short, the accumulated problems here at home are ton many, to allow time or energy for the diversions and distrac tions of propaganda travels abroad. What cannot be done through diplomatic channels, or face to face in Washington, al most certainly cannot be done at all. We are in the totals, and we must search our minds lest we accept unexamined the assump tions of the postwar years, lest ! we act on the reflexes which were conditioned in another age The paramount theme of the linns was the necessity ot Amer ican intervention to save Euro pean civilization from destruc tion. The paramount theme of the 1950s was to consolidate the j western world against the onset of revolutionary communism. The paramount theme of this decade as we know it thus far is that we are emerging from a two-power world and entering one where there are many powers. It will be false to say that a recognition of the change in our relative position is a revival of isolationism. A reappraisal of our position involves no reireat from the task of maintaining the nuclear peace. It means no with drawal and no desertion of our friends. But it does mean a change in our role in power pol itics, let us say from wooer to wooed, from buyer to seller, from seeker to sought. there'll alay in the world!" ,11 J AW OREGON GREAT IDEAS... re PASSIVE RESISTANCE Dear Dr. Adler: Our coun try is witnessing today a mas sive demonstration of "non violent action," not only by organirations and persons for civil rights, but also by peace unions, labor groups, etc. This has taken the form of picket ing, marches, sit-ins, and oth er types of passive resistance. What have been the views of the great philosophers and thinkers on non-violent and passive action, as opposed to violence? Would most of them approve or disapprove of what is happening in Ameri ca today? Lily Wang 61 North St. Camillus. N.Y. O Dear Miss Wang: Mahatma Gandhi, the leader of the In dian independence movement, was the most eminent and ef fective spokesman for passive resistance as a method of achieving social and political re forms. His teaching has inspired present-day leaders of non-violent revolutionary movements, such as Martin Luther King. Gandhi himself, however, was indebted to a long line of ethi cal and religious thinkers, both in the Eastern and the Western traditions. He began with the basic In dian religious precept that one must not harm any living thing, and added the New Testament injunction of non-retaliation or non-resistance to evil. He was also deeply impressed by Tol stoy's preaching of non-violence as the only moral and effective way of achieving social reform, and by Thorcau's program of civil disobedience as the only righteous response to unjust laws and institutions. The result of these various streams of thought was Gan dhis doctrine of passive resis tance or non-violent non-co-operalion, which he summed up inus: "Conquer hate by love, untruth by truth, violence by sufferins." He areuod that there is a good principle in human nature "the Uod within man which must be awakened if social reform is to take place and which can be aroused only oy loving, non-violent action Violence, he said, evokes coun ter-violence and makes the op pressor or evil-doer more fixed in his ways. Love and friendly persuasion in word and in deed drive out hatred, force, and fear. The emphasis of Gandhi's doc trine, however, was not on pas sivity but on action. Hence, he substituted for "passive resist ance" a more positive term "satyagraha" coined from two Sanskrit words meaning "truth or right" and "firmness or de termination." The new term connotes absolute, constant commitment to serve truth and righteousness with sacrificial. non-violent action s such as economic boycotts, hunger slimes, non-payment of taxes, public demonstrations, or lying in the palh of trains. Only those who have cleansed themselves of hate, fear, and violent impulses can exercise "satyagraha" effectively. An inner Tightness and purity is re quired to convert others and to remain (irmly non-violent acainst the strongest provocations. But Gandhi, like Martin Luther King in our own day, found that many ot nis louowers were inwardly unprepared; thev resorted to Johnson: His Approach and His By ERIC SEVAREID (lllilrlbutrd 19S3 Bv Thr Hall SyndW'k.t, inc.) (All nithU Rfswrd) The outlines of President Johnson's vital relationships to his work day, to the Ameri can public, In the Congress and lo the critical foreign problems are already discernible and quite different from the circum stances that surrounded John F. Kennedy three years ago. Mr. Johnson is a strong hu man being, but to his age of 55 must be added the few extra years that a past heart attack enforces upon a man in terms of his daily conduct. Here the new President is his own worst enemy. He is not only a driv ing, obsessive worker, but he engages strong emotions in his work, more than did any ol his throe immediate predeces sors. The circumstances of suc cession to the Presidency are so disturbing right now' that President Johnson's first and plain duty to the country, re gardless of his personal wishes, is to carefully control his work t From the Great Books By Mortimer J. Adler (c) 1963, Publishers Newapaper Syndicate violence on crucial occasions. The ability to suffer harm with out retaliation is the great test of the non-violent fighter against evil, and it is also the ultimate demonstration of the merits of his case an incarnate lesson, learned with his own hurt body and feelings. The adequacy of non-violent resistance as a method of over coming evil in all situations has been challenged by many lead ers and thinkers. The eminent Jewish religious philosopher, Martin Buber, for instance, argued in an open letter to Gandhi, that evil must be re sisted and prevented from de stroying the good by any neces sary means even by force. Yet, Buber said, violence must be used only as a last resort and with love not out of hate. "We should be able even to fight for justice but to fight lovingly." Gandhi himself admitted ex ceptional cases where killing is necessary and right, for in- instance, where an armed luna tic is a danger to the commu nity. The killer in this case is to be regarded as a benevolent man. However, such exception al violence, Gandhi also insist ed, must be done out of love and good will, not out of a vengeful spirit. You can win a 54-volume set of the Great Books of the West ern World by writing a letter. not to exceed 150 words, incor porating a question of general interest for Dr. Adler to con sider for inclusion in this col umn. Each week he will select as first prize winners the writ ers of the best letters. He will use ONE of these letters as a basis for a future column and will answer it in terms of the intellectual heritage of the Great Books Wi works by 74 authors, spanning 30 centuries of thought. Address the letters to Dr. Mortimer J. Adler, in care of this newspaper. In the Day's News By FRANK President Johnson has set as a goal for his administration a five million increase in tne num ber of jobs. Such an increase, he said, would bring the number of jobs available in the U.S.A. to a record total of 75 million. Which is to say: The present population of the United States is somewhere in the neighborhood of 188 million, according to the experts. A total of 75 million jobs would mean an average of one job for each two and one-half persons. TS THAT possible? There are two ways in which it might be done: 1. An economy in which peo ple will be able to earn so much money that they will be able to pay practically any price for what they want. 2. An economy in which prices will remain so low that people can afford to buy what they want. QUESTION: Which is the better way? T ET'S put it this way: It can be done either wav. but it can't be done both ways at once, it prices go up every time wages go up and wages go up every time prices go up, compulsions and avoid exhaus tion. In these early days he has the overwhelming sympathy and support of the American people, as did Harry Truman in 1945. Soon his degree of popu li support will be what he him self and the enemies that will arise make it. Manner is not so likely to be confused with matter. The eyes of the press, and therefore of the peo ple, will be more on what he does and less on how he docs it, because he will not benefit by the public fascination with youth, style and glamour thai so strengthened Mr. Kennedy's hold on the people. Here his problem in following Mr. Ken nedy is not entirely unlike Tru man's problem in following Roosevelt. It is more severe in that Truman had four years in which to prove himself and Johnson has one. For this reason, among oth ers, he is bound to concentrate his considerable personal pow- ers on the Congress, the chief block to action, seeking his big- i gesl success where his prede cessor suffered his worst fail ure in the realm of domestic legislation. When Mr. Kennedy assumed office there was an electric feeling, at least around i the White House, that a newj day had dawned, that a sharp j EQUATION TO SOLVE WASHINGTON - Whatever else happens, politics go on as usual. In the last days leading politicians of both parties have therefore been hard at work, taking soundings all over the country, in order to chart the outlines of the new American political situation. The results of these soundings are interesting in themselves, even though they contain no great surprises. And they are certainly worth summarizing at this time, since they usefully de fine the radically changed politi cal equation which President Johnson must try to solve. To- begin with the least unex pected but most important re sult, President Johnson still has the same grave handicap that doomed his bid for the Presi dential nomination in 1960. As all political buffs will recall, this was his apparent lack of any popular following in the big in dustrial states. THUS in Pennsylvannia, for in stance, the then Governor, David Lawrence, was Johnson's warm friend and admirer. Other things being equal, Lawrence would certainly have preferred to throw the Pennsylvania dele gation to Johnson. In part, Lawrence was blocked from doing so because too many of the local Pennsylvania Demo cratic leaders were convinced that the voters in their districts preferred John F. Kennedy. But Lawrence also ended by choos ing Kennedy from conviction, because he too was somewhat reluctantly forced to agree that Kennedy could carry Pennsyl vania, whereas Johnson prob ably could not do so. The recent soundings show that this old pattern has not been radically altered by President Kennedy's years in the White House. President Johnson is still thought about, first of all, as a Texan and a Southerner. Mainly for that reason he still arouses little enthusiasm in the big in dustrial states. JENKINS there will be no change in the situation. K NOTHER modern nroblem: Portland was host last week to the 17th clinical meeting of the American Medical Associa tion. At Wednesday's session, Dr. Lee Farr, a professor of nu clear medicine at Houston, Tex as, told his hearers that NOT bacteria or viruses but NOISE CONTROL may be the medical frontier today. He added: "The air today is polluted as much by noise as by virus, bac teria, fall-out or dirt. If your nerves go jingle, jangle, jingle, the trouble may lie not in tired blood but in DECIBEL1TIS, which means noise sickness." TIE CONCLUDED: " "Add them all together and you get a pandemonium louder than a -10-ton truck or a light twin-engined airplane louder man the law allows in many fac tories." "And- "Noisc can produce as great a hangover as the alcohol. You don't hear many complaints ; about the alcohol, but some, cs- penally older people, reject cocktail parties because they I can't stand the noise." break with the past could be made. There was much illusion in this, but acting upon the be lief, President Kennedy poured upon the Congress an enormous cargo of proposals. President Johnson cannot do this and would not. The phrase, "politics is the art of the pos sible" is not a cliche to his mind; it is virtually his credo. His whole behavior as Senate majority leader demonstrated (his. He operated a Iwo-track legislative highway. On the main track he push ed unceasingly at those matters he judged COULD get through. To Uie side-track he relegated all those matters he judged could NOT get through, no mat ter how many powerful groups thought they were of prime im portance. For the present, of course, the priority of the tax and civil rights bills has been settled for him. On these he will concentrate his full ener gies, and in my opinion will have more success than Mr. Kennedy would have had, not only because of the country's chastened mood, but because he will be much rougher in private on obstructive Congress men. Here he will be like Frank lin Roosevelt, save in manner; Mr. Roosevelt cut political throats with the air of one say- Matter of Fact By Joseph Alsop le) New York Herald Tribune Syndicate IiHlS difficulty is gravest for Johnson in the Northeast ern bloc of states, which he would probably lose, as of now, to any Republican candidate but Sen. Barry Goldwater. But in the big Midwestern states like Illinois, and even in tne f ar West, in California, Johnson has dangerously little support among the very- voting groups that ara most important to any Demo cratic Presidential candidate. If he is to carry Illinois, for example, he will unquestionably have to come out of Cook County with a really big majority. That is the only way a Democrat can carry Illinois. But as of today, the Chicago organization of Mayor Richard Daley would cer tainly be hard put to muster the needed Cook County majority for Johnson. To be sure, the new President has an important asset to bal ance against his basic difficulty. Whereas President Kennedy was in deep trouble in the tradition ally Democratic South, Presi dent Johnson would probably carry all the Southern States as of now, even against Sen. Gold water. A GREAT many Southern vot ers are in fact responding to the fact that Johnson will be the first Southern Presidential candidate since the Civil War, in just the same way that a good many Catholic voters responded to the fact that John F. Kennedy was the first Catholic candidate. It remains to be seen, how ever, whether this initial South ern response will survive the in evitable bitterness of the coming battle over the civil rights bill. Meanwhile, President Johnson's extremely vigorous preparations for that battle not only reveal a strong, previously proven belief in equai rights for all Ameri cans. They also reveal his own reading of the political equa tion. Formidably sensitive political antennae are part of the equip ment of this formidable man. He has not had to wait for sound ings by the local Democratic chieftains in order to sense the areas where he will have to work hardest for the support needed for re-election. THUS he has gone all out to assure his Administration's continuity with the Kennedy ad ministration. He has done this not only because he believes deeply in President Kennedy's approach to national problems, but also because he considers this continuity is absolutely es sential to win over the big indus trial states. Here, as in the case of the civil rights bill, his con victions and his reading of his interests exactly coincide. "With less than a year to go be fore Election Day, President Johnson has no time to waste. His task will be made harder, too, by the widespread predic tions that he will be able to work all sorts of miracles with a do-nothing, sordidly complacent Congress. As President, Johnson is no better, placed than Kennedy to produce Congressional mira cles; and it is unfair to the new President to set a false standard by arousing false expectations. But the new President will also be aided in his task by the dreadful Republican disarray that the hot-eyed Goldwater en thusiasts can be counted on to cause. And precisely because he is a formidable man, the new political equation is certainly not beyond his power to solve to his advantage. Problems ing it hurt him more than the victim. When Presdent Kennedy took office, he found some fluidity in foreign affairs. His creations, such as the Alianza and the Peace Corps, were imaginative, and his act of defiance over the Cuban missiles an historic stroke. But President Johnson now confronts an immobility in world affairs such as Mr. Ken nedy confronted in domestic affairs. It is the great powers that have been losing their abil ity to act; it is the small pow ers that are creating what movement there is. This is true in our relations with our major enemy and it is true in relation to our major allies. The alliance cannot be held as it is unless the problem of ' sharing nuclear power is solved and it cannot be solved without a common agreement on the German role. All present signs are that President John son will continue to press for the multi-national nuclear fleet, including the Germans; that he will give no encouragement to De Gaulle's nuclear aspirations or general view of the future Europe. The leaders are new in America. Britain, Germany and Italy but the old dilemma of the West is unchanged.
