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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 3, 1963)
v."-' Chit By JCE Mail Tribune A tax expert not long ago spoke to a group of farmers and explained assessment of property and problems connected wilh the property tax. Later he said it was a good meeting and felt he had gotten his message across although he was somewhat dubious when invited to speak. The farmers were pleased have a keen interest in public ail airs as wis mue anecdote illustrates. Some of the strongest leaders in local government are farmers. But, we wish farmers and the rural people would take more interest In local government and 1U problems. When President John F. Kennedy died from an assassin's bullets the people realized with a start that this nation's fore most leader was no longer able to lead them. Although we didn't agree with some of his policies or those of people under him he had the strong, youthful confidence and vigorous leadership people had come to lean on. Now another man is taking his place. The transition seems to be a smootn one. But, in local government, there is no such easy succession of leadership. Us steady progression relics on the people to back it up, to step in and take the leadership when necessary and to serve on local committees to further strengthen that government. Local government more nearly comes close to following Abraham Lincoln's concept of "government of the people." The president's assassination raises this question: Could you act as mayor if called upon, if something happened to your mayor, to your county judge or commissioner? Chances are slight that this crisis could occur, but in this age of threatened atomic warfare it could happen. Even a plane, train or car crash could wipe out your entire city council or county court. Your first reaction would be, "What do I know about govern ment?" Probably very little. Our democratic system of govern ment is only as strong as the active interest shown by the people. This is particularly true of local government. A good working knowledge of government is not acquired easily nor quickly. It requires constant study and observation. You can't learn it in school or by being a profitable businessman. Too often businessmen enter government with the idea of "oper ating on a businesslike basis," but only find it is like no other business although In a sense it is a business. Too many members of local either appointed or elected belore becoming acquainted witn their duties or the function of their unit of government. On the job training is fine In many cases, but who would hire executives of a multi-million dollar corporation and expect him to get his knowledge of the business while he is an executive? Watching some local governments operate der motor run on six cylinders. don t really know what they can and should do. They have to coast along until they become more familiar wilh their jobs. The new trend to hire city and county managers is a com paratively easy and efficient way to help solve the problem of too many government officials knowing too little. A more prac tical approach would be a night-school course for future local government heads. Such a course wouldn't catch everybody who might later serve on a city council or in a county commission or court, but it would attract enough interested people to make it worthwhile. A graduation certificate from such a school would certainly make a more solid platform than empty promises or personal biography. Such informed elected officials should establish a closer working partnership with a county or city manager. The city council or county court would have a better understanding of what their manager could or could not do, Some elected government officials spend considerable of tlicir own time voluntarily studying the functions, trends and problems of local government. When coupled to action local governmental progress shows it. But such on-the-job study is too time-consuming and self-sacrificing. During the 1962 meeting of the Oregon Horticultural Society Secretary of State Howell Appling Jr. put it neatly: "That we are in a war . , , and that the role we folks like you and I elect to play in our nation will be a significant factor in the winning or the losing of that war. "It Is a war of Invisibles of attitudes, moral strength, understanding of our economic system, understanding of our system of politics and government, devotion to our time-tested principles and ideals, with power." George Bernard Shaw, the Irish playwright with the whip lash wit, put it more pointedly: "Democracy is a device that insures we are governed no better than we deserve." Local government's problems are pyramiding with popula tion increases. Authorities on government call this "urbanization" the sprawling out of cities and densely populated areas. Each governmental unit has its own definite boundaries which makes it dHficult for it to reach out and meet these problems. As areas demand certain services various government units or districts come into being, often overlapping. "The problem Is complicated in many localities because of the great number of small units of government," writes Clarence J. Hein, a nationally known authority on local government. "Some of them seem more concerned with maintaining their inde pendent status, and therefore their boundaries, than with pro viding a better area for the activities they undertake. Special groups may play one unit of government off against another." Another major problem Is that a local government does not usually communicate its problems to the people. Problems often imply criticism Bnd local governmental officials don't want any thing printed in the local newspapers or broadcast which is "bnd news." Hence the people are not aware of these problems until it comes time to solve them through increased taxes and other means requiring public support. Then a hurry up call is made to the news media (or support by then it is almost too late. A third basic problem is not enough funds arc av ailable for the local government to do a decent job In being all things to all people as indicated above. These then are the basic problems: how to better organize areas in which public services arc performed, how to provide each interested person with a voice in critical decisions, and how to get the money to pay for these Increased services. Some ways of solving those problems are Incorporation and annexation, establishing special districts, consolidation of local units, internal reorganization of the local unit, shifting an activity from one local government to another, establishing a regional council or coordinating committee, and government control over real estate. Originally, incorporation separated people who wanted city- areas want the same services yet manv of those area residents do not want to annex to a citv. When such areas have a water i and sewage problems a slum-tvpe district too often results. An attempt at correcting overlapping of the existence of many special districts In an area has been made through estab lishing metropolitan districts containing all the functions of the former separate districts. Some authorities say, however, such a multifunctional special district has never been put into suc cessful operation. The time will come In the Rogue Valley when towns on the fringes of larger cilles or towns growing up against each other's boundary areas will be consolidated. When this movement comes there will be the same bitter struggle against it as there was against school district consolidation. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 3. 1903 Chat COWLEY Farm Editor with his talk, too. Local farmers government wait until they are is like watching an eight-cylin Since newly elected members Garden Tips By JOHN McLOUGHLIN County Extension Agent One bright spot in our garden during the winter months is the English holly (Ilex aquifolium) tree. With its bright red berries and dark green leaves, it is the ideal Christmas plant. The cut foliage of the English holly may be used for indoor arrange ments and makes an excellent present to friends who live in areas where English holly does not grow. Remember when you cut the holly for indoor decorations you are also pruning the tree. When trimming, keep in mind that you want to promote the sym metry of the tree. You can in crease the bushiness of the tree by removing only the ends of the branches. Be sure that your clippers are sharp and don't leave leafless stubs. Treat the bough after you fin ish cutting to keep them fresh longer. You can purchase fruit setting hormones at your garden store for this purpose. Use this hormone at three times the strength recommended for spraying apples. If used at too high a concentration a notice able deposit may remain on the foliage after drying. Dip Boughs Dip the boughs in the solu tion of water and fruit setting hormone. The holly is not soak ed in the solution, but is merely dinned and allowed to drain. After drainage the boughs are ready for arrangement or lor shipment. When shipping holly, line the cartons with florist foil or a plastic coated freezer paper. Waxed paper or news- Drint mav also be used but the holly will not maintain as good a quality in these wraps. For best results the fastest means of shipment should be used. Hollv should be freshened at its destination by making fresh cuts and standing the holly in water. Holly docs not need to be inspected before shipment anywhere in or out of Oregon. Cool temperatures to 32 de grees F. will also prolong the life of the cut holly. If the cut holly should become frozen, in jury will be minimized by al lowing It to thaw out slowly without handling. Dissatisfaction with the amount of berries produced sometimes occurs among home owners. The amount and color of berries and the foliage char acteristics of the English holly is limited only to the number of seedlina variations that devel op. Also, English holly is a dioe cious plant. This means mai male and female flowers are borne on separate trees. The fe male tree bears the berries and remilrcs nollen from the male tree tor nerry cievciopmcm. m, for best berry production you should have a male tree near the female or have branches from the male tree grafted on the female tree. Decorative Cones Fresh cones collected in the fall have little use for decora tions if they are covered with pitch. Tliis pitch can he easily re moved from the cone by heat ing. First, clean the cones of any foreign materials by the use of a blower. The blower and crevice attachment on your vacuum cleaner is very effec tive lor this cleaning, l'ui me cones on a foil covered trny and place in a warm oven. A tem perature of 200 degrees for 15 minutes should melt the pitch. A longer time may be required in some cases. The cones may also be placed in boiling water for a minute or more to remove the pitch. This frequently gives the cones a shellac-like finish. After the pitch is removed you may want to apply a clear fin ish to enhance the cones. Lac quer, shellac, varnish or liquid floor wnx may be used tor this. Brand Discussion Set For Salem SALEM Members of the Oregon Livestock Advisor)' Com mittee, which serves as an ad visory group to the Oregon De partment of Agriculture, will meet today at the Agriculture Building, Salem. The committee will review the Oregon brand inspection law and determine whether it will advise the department to propose that the 1!W5 legislative session consider maKing mang es in' the law. In its study of the brand in spection law the group will hear a rcp.nl or. receipts and disbursements under the brand progrnm: and have reports on the number of estrays returned; proceeds withheld until evidence w ""ip of an animal is established and prosecution com- pletcd in the rase of (hefts of animals. Also considered during the meeting will be recommenda tion to Die U.S. Department of i Agriculture on its proposed grades (or feeder cattle and a recommendation to the Oregon Department of Agriculture on which breeds of male livestock should be permitted to run on open range. At present regula tions limit the breed to Hero ford, Angiis and Shorthorn. ' ( w DEFOLIANT EFFECT A row of trees with bare limbs provide sharp contrast with a row of trees still with their leaves on. This picture was taken early this fall after the Medford station crew applied a cotton de foliant. The experiment was worked out by Entomologist Pete Westigard and Horticul Pruning School In Session In Extension Auditorium The pruning school now being conducted every day in the Jackson County Extension Serv FARM Woodlot By DICK OLSON State Farm Forester Our nation's small family for ests offer a double opportunity: a good chance of growing money on trees and the certain ty that the owner is adding something of value to his com munity. They range from three acres to five thousand acres and aver age 59 acres. They make up 265 million acres and are owned by 4.5 million individuals, more than half of whom are farmers. The lands arc as different in composition, age, and capabili ties as are their owners. They exist everywhere that forest type trees grow naturally. Most farmers own their wood lot as a part of their farm, usu ally as a back forty or a hilly tract too steep to cultivate. Non- farmers own woodlands for many reasons for hunting and fishing, other recreation, pride of ownership, speculation, or in vestment. The possibility of making money is the primary motive of many owners, but few of them have done anything about management: they seem to think that growing timber is different from other enterprises in that nature will take care of it. Determination Needed When I am asked for help I always try to determine if land owners are interested in specu lation or in management. Most foresters believe that the owner interested in managing both trees and land in our first con cern and will be anxious to help him. Forestry Is generally a long - term business, and quick profits are rare. How to start depends a great deal on the resources one has. Most owners have a small amount of mature salable tim ber; some good, immature lim ber, which will yield future har vests, a large number of cull trees, which must be removed, and some bare or poorly stocked land in need of planting or seed ing. Stocking land with good trees, like developing a fine herd of cattle, cannot be done in a day or a year. Also to be considered arc the o w n e r's physical, financial, and mana oerial capabilities. A man who can do his own work often can j pointed out that the tree count I which will not set. earn a good wage in addition to j included intcrplants, so that ac- posc trees are pruned to in the stumnace value of the trees reage has not necessarily in- rl.aP the urowth of now spurs. to be harvested. An owner who I is financially secure can forego limited immediate profits and wait for favorable prices. Quicker profits can be expect ed by starting with growing stock at or bclowe harvest size and managing it for a few vears, rattier than ouying oare land and planting it. Over the long term, good tim- berland and growing stock gen- Range Course Set For Dec. 17-19 Stockmen who hac not signed up for the extension jervice range school sched uled lor Dec. 17, 18. and 19 musl do so this week. County Agent Earlc Jossy said he smt out 330 letters with rrply postcards enclosed, hut hasn't received any an swers yet. He must know soon how many people arc Interested to he ran tell whether enough people will attend the classes to make it worthwhile to bring In a range specialist. MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON ice auditorium is barely into the second week of the two-week course but employment orders Facts orally are more profitable than are poor land and poor growing stock. Thought For the Week Bruce Welch, biology profes sor at William and Mary Col lege, writes in the National Parks Magazine that our basic problem is not saving and pro tecting the land. Rather, he says, "It is stopping the omi nous, uncontrolled expansion of our population ... not a single conservation - oriented article that has been published has faced the fact that the only ac tion which can provide a lasting solution to our land resources problems is one that will pro vide a means of controlling hu man population. County Pear Trees Show Increase Over 1959 Census CORVALLIS - The number of fruit trees in Oregon has in creased considerably since the 1959 census, according to pre liminary results of a tree sur vey made this year. Aricultural Statistician Ray mond B. Ililc reported the pre liminary results to growers during the annual meeting of the Oregon Horticultural Society at Oregon State University. Ac cording to Hile, first figures show a large increase in the number of non-bearing trees, since the 1959 census. The survey was made at the request of the Horticultural So ciety following last year's Co lumbus Day storm, it actually consisted of four independent counts, made in the Medford Area. Hood River, The Dalles, and the Willamette Valley. Final Results The final survey results should be available within two months, according to Hile. He cautioned that some of the fie-1 tires may be revised after fur- j ther consideration. Hile also creased as much as the rise in j tree numbers might make it appear. According to the survey, the I number of sweet cherry trees in Wasco County is 216.737. com-' pared to the census count of 184.538. In Jackson County, there are 433.R30 Bartlett pear trees, compared to the 1959 cen sus total of 305,172. Winter pear trees totaled 491.34.-), compared ' to the census count of 387.645, j i In the Willamette valley, the! Tlirftnlt nnur trrt nrvv chmvc i B until Ul 1-11,5. V, .u,ra,. . 114.900 at the 1959 census. The Hoed River apple tree count, stands at 310.154. trees. In 1959, Bartlett pear trees, according ' i. nn.-. n,u im o i., . i,. m i compared to the census count ! 01 34.91'9 ana JlJ.bK.. inner fruit tree totals will be shown in the final report, according to Hile TOO .MUCH SALT Too much salt in poultry leed , has often been blamed for wet ! dropvir.gs but this condition can be aggravated by many factors including infestation of flies. I Si turist Porter Lombard, of the Southern Ore gon Branch Experiment Station. If some way can be found to obtain a less costly material local orchard trees could be defoliated after harvest and spraying and pruning done earlier. are already in for the 24 men per day who have been attend ing it. The school which started last Tuesday is co - sponsored by the Jackson County Fruit Growers' League, the Jackson County Ex tension Service, the Oregon Em ployment Service, and the adult education department of the Medford Public Schools. The course consists of both classroom instruction given by County Horticultural Agent Clif ford B. Cordy and field instruc tion given by spray fieldman Bruce Cyphers, Charles Henry and Paul Beddoe with County Agent Donald Berry filling in when needed. The men are given the theory of pruning in the classroom then spend two days in the field on each variety. The session start ed with pruning techniques re quired for the four main pear varieties: Bartlett, Bosc, u An jou and Cornice, in that order. A California pruning bulletin is used as text. A study assign ment is given each class period. Next Session Wednesday, at 8:30 a.m., the next classroom session, the crew will learn how to prune Cornice pear trees and the influences of light, carbon dioxide, hormones, leaf to fruit ratio, flower bud formation and alternate bearing. A written examination will be held the last day. Those who successfully complete the school may get certificates on the last dav. Thursday. "We figure that each man who sticks with this course will develop into a pinner," Cordy said. "It will take time to de velop speed. A good pruncr should be able to cover 15 trees a dav or 25 acres during a win ter pruning season of 100 days." Pruning, a winter - time ac tivity which employs hundreds in the valley, starts about mid November and extends through to March or the bloom period. Monday morning Cordy re viewed past sessions. He ex plained how crews must concen trate in removing spurs from both Bartlett and D'Anjou trees, but for different reasons, tor Rarileils. the number of fruit buds must be reduced so there won't be a lot of small sized fruit. D'Anious are pruned heavily to force a good fruit set so there won't be a light crop. Correct Pruning Correct pruning of Bartlctts tends to reduce the need for thinning later on which involves further expense to the grower. Growers seldom thin D'Anjous. niH smiis nn D'Anious arc re mc,ved so thev won't bloom too .....jiv and have weak blooms prlinrrs were warned to bo careful if the spurs are short of buds. Cornice trees are pruned heavily to increase the size of th,e :uj(. These trees require more detailed work The primary purpose of prun ing is to increase the grower's net return ner acre. Trees are ------- j . - ,u it not pruned to force growth if i thev win make a good growth i without it. Cordy explained. To i get a good crop trees must get I rmntinh now rrnwth rnrh vtvir i- huiiiii. lilt: I.,,. . 1- soils which predominate in this valley make it difficult to get I new growth, he said. Trees tend lighter soils. Tree tops should ; lw nnimvl riMn in hi.n ihn- on he nii ked he evnainmt fur. : ther. Vigorous new top shoots iuum it enmm.m-.!, M-mi-vigor- ous shoots, those growing at ""Sles. which will bend down , ,when fruit sets on them, may be ; left in. 1 Growers here don't have to ' worn' much about winter in jurv although some mnv net w ant I limbs to be Druned when frozen Pruning patterns are alwavs dictated by the growers, Cordv said. Talk on Morgans Given By Breeder To Area Horsemen Phil Morrison, representative of the Josephine County Breed er's Association of Grants Pass, was guest speaker at the No vember meeting of the Jackson County Horseman's Association, recently. The affair was held in the recreation room of the Tex Nash Ford Tractor and Implement Bldg., 3005 Crater Lake high way. Approximately 80 persons lis. tcned to Morrison tell the com plete history of the Morgan horse with movies from the Morgan Horse Club of America He explained the events stem ming back to the beginning of tne Morgan breed, by the cre ator Justin Morgan. John Belknap, president of the club led a panel discussion on the future hopes and aims of the group. He expressed need for the continued support of all activity groups in southern Ore gon. Belknap also reported on the annual dinner of the Ash land Wranglers at Ashland, Nov. 2, and said he was very much impressed with the progress made by the Ashland horse group. Guests The guest list for the evening included: two 4-H clubs, Med ford Rawhide Wranglers, and the Rogue Saddlelites, and many visitors from Grants pass, and Yrcka, Calif. Belknap ask ed the members to encourage all 4-H club horse groups to at tend the JCHA meetings, as he feels much knowledge and in formation can be gained from the movies shown each month by one of the members. The movies are scheduled to cover all breeds of horses, and all types of horsemanship. Mrs. Wallace Hamlin will con duct the December program, and the movies will feature the horse of her choice, the Tennes see Walker. Anyone interested in the sports of horses, mules and ponies is cordially invited to at tend. There is no admission. Re freshments are served following the business session. Virus Free Tree Program Rates High in Industry CORVALLIS - The value of the virus-free program for tree fruits initiated by Oregon State University in 1944 is recognized today by both the nurseryman and the orchardist and is con tributing to the success of each, Dr. J. A. Milbrath, OSU plant pathologist, told the Oregon Horticultural Society recently. The value of virus-free trees soon became apparent to Ore gon nurserymen when they found that virus-free stock gives better stands of buds in the nursery row, often resulting in 25 - 50 per cant more trees. Nurseries also found a higher percentage of trees finished in the top grades. Orchardists soon realized the value of virus-free stock for orchard plantings and soon asked for trees by specific reg istration numbers, he continued. Over 500 trees have been reg istered since the program be gan. "Most of the orchards planted in the past 10 years have been with the best stock available for sweet and sour cherries, Italian prunes and in some cases peaches." Milbrath noted. Although Oregon docs not yet have a virus-free certification program, "Oregon nurserymen are producing as good or better trees than any other group of nurserymen anywhere," he told the society. This has been accomplished with the cooperation of the Ag ricultural Marketing Service, U. S. Department of Agricul ture, State Department of Agri culture, and the OSU Agricul tural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, he added. Seed Transmission The problems of seed and pol len transmission of virus in rootstocks Is now understood, but from 10-15 years are re quired to produce a cherry tree on virus-free rootstock when be gun with a Mazzard seed, the bu" wlln a mazzurn seca, me , . ' , ,. ".B.. ;!JnnLrf "lfdhng' spccd up 1 . . Apple and pear viruses are ... , ,: c,ljJ onrf nl. :T..j ,,., ' hem'" .'"", "u" ! ',a"!"v?1yl lndn procedures for latent j:,,.:.- ... , , i viruses are being studied nurserjman crraiiea ineimai for tnis t d ( : r -.-v increasing his tree production, also with the fact that he now able to deliver trees to the planter at a lower cost. An orchardist commented that his cherry orchard, planted in 1953. is about five years ahead of what would have been ex pected if it had been planted 30 years ago. His yields have been good and tree growth excellent. Farm & Housewife Many Food Aids CORVALLIS -Roy Moser, Oregon State University exten sion food technologist, and panel moderator, noted "the housewife doesn't want to buy just food. She wants and de mands maid service too and this must come out of her food dollars and the processor must provide this service," he told the Oregon Horticultural So ciety recently. To meet this demand, the in dustry is providing convenience foods, such as cake mixes and complete frozen dinners. Many prepared items are already on the store shelf and many more will appear, he added. C. L. Beardsley, canning de partment superintendent for the Hood River Apple Growers As sociation, noted about 54 per cent of the processed Bartletts end up as canned pears; 35 per cent in fruit cocktail; seven per cent as baby food, nectar or FROM THE GROUND UP By BART BARTUn This time of year is one that has widely varying meanings to different groups and even to in dividuals of our population. Such factors as racial or na tional origin have a gcat influ ence on people as to their inter ests and activities at this, the holiday season of the year. The natural activities of our popu lation will range from great pride in making the home a fes tive place by cooking tasty foods and by elabrate decora tions to be exhibited to those that leave a hovel to enjoy the gay season with neighbors and at the commercial houses of amusement. Home Decorators Home decorators for this holi day season should observe some safety precautions in order that the joys of the holidays may not be marred by accidents or fires. Lighted candles should generally not be used and, in any case, they should not be used for tree lights or other tern materials as fir or pine needles or Chistmas wrapping materi als. In this same vein all elec trical connections that are to be used for tre lights or other tem porary purposes that are relat ed to the holiday season should be carefully checked for shorts, lack of insulation and other haz ards that may lead to home fires. There are means, of sorts, for making a Christmas tree fire proof, but since so many combustible materials are gen erally associated with the tree, the effort of tree fircproofing is usually meaningless. While the subject of fires is under consideration, it may be well to check the home in gen eral for fire hazards. All too many homes are burned every winter due to fires that start in faulty stoves, chimneys and (lues. It may be well to check the cabin that is being ured by a hired hand. This mav save you having a roasted hired hand plus a lawsuit by some obscure member ot his family, who has hopes of gaining sufficient wealth to retire to sunnier cli mates. The pruning of fruit trees is a known necessity if the orch ardist is to obtain good crops of top quality fruit. There arc many pruning methods, in fact there are as many methods of pruning fruit trees as there are individual pruners. In view of this diversity of opinion regard ing pruning, it is somewhat amazing that the results in terms of fruit does not usual v vary in a marked manner. I bis is a good tune of vear In place some new mulching ma terials around those plants that benefit from surface mulches. A great many of the landscape plants around the homes of this area will benefit from an armli. cation of such mulching materi als as snredded bark or well rotted sawdust. Gophers and Mice Gophers and mice mav show I up in sufficient numbers to war-' fractions of fruit juices and pro rant some measures for their Itcct the flavorful and delicious control. Poison grain will do a high-moisure of dried fruits, good job or control on mice and I He displayed samples of jel r?'S' j Poison should be lied applesauce, freeze - dried placed in some sort of tempor-j fruits, raisin and prune pastes, ary shelter as its payability fruit and vegetable powders and and effectiveness will deterio-! fruits dehvdrated by a new pro rat,, ranirll,. it U . : r rate rapidly if thrown out nn 1 wet ground. Goohers are easili-1 trapped now as they are very active and work nearer the air. I face of the ground than is nor- warmer months of the vear For some strange reason, and in spite of the dire warnings of the rank and file of our state government who, along with the assistance of some citizens and publishers predicted that to de feat the tax measure would re sult in fiscal chaos, we enjoy this fiscal chaos and hope to see such sensible economy become a tradition in Oregon. Garden Demands concentrate; two ner cent as dried pears and six per cent in other uses. Present markets for process ing apples fall into about five categories, he commented. These are applesauce, 37 per cent: canned and frozen slices, 25 per cent: juice, 22 per cent; dried or dehydrated apples, 11 per cent, and baby food and miscellaneous, five per cent. Applesauce is the fastest growing canned fruit, he noted, with per capita consumption in creasing 140 per cent in the last 16 years. All canned fruits have shown an increase of only 28 per cent, while frozen fruits have shown a phenomenal 200 per cent increase in per capita consumption. Dried apples are now being sold in more forms than ever. In addition to the standard packaged 23 per cent moisture dried apples, dried ground ap ples for sauce, low moisture two per cent apples and more recently de-hydro frozen apples have entered the field. Beards ley said. Rising production means a need to expand the Bartlett pear market, he stressed. He believes the market that can expand most quickly is for can ned halves, already the big volume item. The market ex pansion for pear slices, dices and chunks must keep up with the market for halves and may take some industry level pro motion, he added. Opportunities Beardsley also believes that the applesauce market can still be expanded. The development of hydro-frozen apples seems "a natural," but may not increase the total quantity of apples used for processing as it may re place canned or frozen apples. Mrs. Lois Sather, OSU food scientist, pointed to some spe cific changes in eating habits in the last 10 years which have influenced the present trends in processing. Storage convenience is pre dicted to be the factor which might influence processing trends more than any other one, she noted. This is leading to the development of such items as freeze-dried foods. Convenience also means the development of new packages and packaging materials, Mrs. Sather said, which are easy to open and make serving easier for the housewife. This may be one of the strongest influences on new processing trends, she stressed.1 A second specific is the in creased use of low caloric or special diet foods, Mrs. Sather noted. The homemaker today is aware of the need for a well balanced diet for her family. The third specific is "snack food," which has grown in pop ularity as Americans abandon the formal dinner for the buffet or patio dinners. "Today's homemaker is young er, spends less time in the home, but still wants to prepare with a minimum of time and expense, three delicious, well-balanced meals a day for her family," she stressed. To Spend $100 Million She pointed out that the food processing industry will spend over $100 million this year on developing new food products to please the homemaker. Only one out of every ten will be dual ly considered good enough (or test marketing and, ot these, only one out of five will be suc cessful. New products and processes under study by utilization re search groups of the U. S. De partment of Agriculture were described by Clyde L. Rasmus- sen, Albany. Calif., industrial specialist with the USDA Agri cultural Research Service. These included dchvdrofrecz- ing and dehydrocanning, t w o processes which' combine par tial reduction of weight and vol ume by dehydration combined with conventional freezing and canning steps. He also discussed the produc tion of fruit and vegetable juice powders by puffing or foaming techniques and also frceze-dry-ing. which he called "a new and exciting process." In all these processes, he pointed out, it is necessary to preserve the hiehlv (avnrahln cess to sirnnlatp ,nr.rtriH lim STOCKMEN FEED PELLETS Your course or unpjlitable roughjgt will makt t bin for a modern bifanctd ration that you can feed with littlt labor and no waitag. Tha increased meat or milk pro duced will give you mail mum returns on a small cash investment. MORTON MILLING CO. 500 Ross Lane, Medford l
