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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 21, 1963)
Medford Tribune SECTION B MEDFORD, OREGON, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1963 PAGES 1 to 8 'Chief Designer' Mysterious Figure in Red Space Program By ALVIN B. WEBB Jr, CAPE CANAVERAL (UPD Into the mysterious fabric of the Soviet Union's space pro gram is woven an elusive fig ure identified only as the "Chief Designer." He is honored as the creator of the giant Vostok spaceships that have taken six Russian cosmonauts on spectacular voy ages into orbit. He constantly crops up as a voice at the other end of the line in radio conversations with the high-flying Soviet spacemen. He makes pronouncements about Russian space programs raging from weather satellites to plans for building huge plat fors in orbit around Earth and for landing cosmonauts on the moon. And, if only one-fourth of the accomplishments the Soviets give him credit for are true, the Chief Designer is a scien tific genius fit to stand beside Albert Einstein, Robert God dard, Neils Bohr and Wernher von Braun in science's hall of fame. ' . r Who is He? But just who is the Chief De signer? ' : No one this side of the Iron Curtain seems to have any idea. And Russia isn't saying yet. One name, however, is get ting more and more mention in speculation as to the. identify of the Chief Designer. He is Val entin P. Glushko, a member of the Soviet Academy of Scien ces. Glushko seems nearly as mys terious as the man he is sup posed to be. He is 58 years old, ' has been a full member of the Academy of Sciences since 1958 and has been a bureau mem ber of the Soviet Department of Technical Sciences since 1960. He is identified variously as a military technologist and as a combustion and rocket expert. In the outpouring of papers, treatises and studies by Rus sian scientists, Glushko's name appears rarely. In 1926, when only 21 years old, Glushko wrote an article for a Leningrad scientific jour nal in which he speculated on the use of an earth satellite to "observe and photograph inac cessible countries." "Can.. '.Burn Cities" In the same article, Glushko mentioned that, with the aid of giant mirrors on such a satel lite, "one can detonate muni tions factories, provoke whirl winds and storms, annihilate marching troops, burn cities and, in general, wreak colossal devastation." Yuri A. Gagarin, Russia's first orbiting astronaut, de scribed his initial meeting with the Chief Designer: "We saw a broad-shouldered, merry, witty man, a real Rus sian . . . and he treated us as equals, as his chief assistants." Gherman Titov, who followed Gagarin into space by. four months, spoke of a scientist called the "chief constructor." The Chief " Designer and the chief constructor, however, are probably one and the same. "None of us will ever forget our first meeting with the chief constructor, a man of tremen dous will-power and wide erudi tion," said Titov. "He person ally showed us the first space ship, conceived and designed by man teams of scientists ..." Appears Youthful - On another occasion, 'Titov said, he was checking out his Vostok-2 spaceship. "The chief constructor watched me. Every thing about him eyes, smile, voice, movements was youth ful.". But the descriptions by Ga garin, Titov and others have been mostly generalities, with few specifics. And the Chief Designer re mains as much a mystery as ever. The Chief Designer is at the scientific top of the monolithic organizational structure of the Soviet space program. The U.S. space effort appears to have no comparable position, James E. Webb is adminis trator of the National Aeronau tics and Space Administration. But this forte is politics, not science. The closest approximation mignt be wernher von Braun. tne ex-uerman V2 rocket ex pert who is spearheading devel opment of the mighty Saturn-5 rocket for manned flights to the moon. But- Von Braun in no sense possesses the wide-sweeping power evidently wielded by the Chief Designer over the en tire aoviet space program, 1 1 : ''ISpjSS hrfyy Nickles Gain New Status With Rise of Coin Vending Machines By JESSE BOGUE UPI Financial Editor ' NEW YORK (UPI) -Many lines, some serious and some flippant, have been written about how little can be pur chased these days with a nickel. And this kind of talk makes some businessmen laugh and laugh as they watch the balance sheets. They know that the nickels count up into dollars by the millions helped along by dimes, quarters, and half dol lars. These are coins which feed the vending machines which multiply annually in offices factories, railroad, bus, and subway stations; the machines in turn perform a major job in feeding the population in in creasing numbers, with every thing from snacks to full meals. ' Joseph E. McDowell, Pres ident of Servomation Corp., es timates that about $3 billion worth of coins will go chiming into vending machines in the 50 states of the nation this year. In the highly competitive field of vending machines, Servoma tion owns and operates more than 60,000, acting through 90 subsidiaries in 27 states. ' Primarily, McDowell said, the vending machine operation is organized on local lines; about five -sixths of the estimated annual volume is accounted for by more than 4,000 vending KING CABBAGE MOSCOW (UPI) - Cabbage is becoming king in Moscow. Truckloads of the vegetable rumble through the main streets as winter approaches. . Almost all other vegetables, except po tatoes, carrots and onions, are virtually impossible to find when it gets cold. , machine operators who have six employes or less. He said his company's sales have been averaging annual increases of about 20 per cent,, although sales from machines for all items are growing at a rate of about 8 per cent a year. Prepared food now accounts for only about $1 in every $25 of overall industry volume, but it is growing . rapidly in demand. . Industrial concerns' and insti tutions have contributed to this trend through their installations of automatic cafeterias. Reports to McDowell's company indicate that companies go into this sort of food service because they find it saves time, money, and better service. In some places, they have replaced manual service and built-in kitchens, even those built only a few years ago. The turn to food vending has Supply Firm Operator Adds Luster to Name SAN DIEGO, Calif. (UPI) -By living up to his name, the operator of a janitor supply company here added luster to his reputation as a salesman. He won honors as one of the country's top 10 sellers of floor wax in a distributor sales con test conducted by the service products , division of a wax company (Johnson's). The salesman's name Morris Wax. reduced the percentage of vend ing machine trade commanded by cigarette sales. About two years ago, the ubiquitous cig arette accounted for about 45 per cent of industry volume; they still are the largest single item sold through, vending machines, but their percentage of total sales has decreased. In his own company, he said they now account for less than 28 per cent of the annual sales, -k Heater ft Furnace -. Repair.' , if Sal Service, JACK HALL 772-6111 482-3950 which amounted to more than $80 million in the fiscal year ended June 30. A good chunk of this was fed in just one nickel at a time. mnmmnim.c. IliLHim., raia,Un East Side Super Market 608 ait Main Street Medford Your Money's Worth ' By SYLVIA PORTER Cawiaitt, Hill SyaJkaM, Inc. BAIL. REFORM By SYLVIA PORTER ' The first national conference to overhaul our archaic bail system will be held in Washington this coming May and signs are now mounting rapidly that out of it will come at last reform at both the local and federal level of our cruelly un realistic, ana outrageously discriminatory, staggeringly expen sive bail procedures. . . The bail system of the U.S. always has been a sicking illus tration of one type of justice for the rich, another for the poor. Now it also is being revealed as a monstrously costly and unnecessary burden on all of us, as taxpayers. Hundreds of millions of dollars are wasted each year by communities across the country and bv the federal eovern- ment on imprisonment of individuals simply because they're too poor to raise bail. In New York City alone last year 58,458 persons spent a "brooding, degenerating 1,775,788 days in jail while awaiting trial," says Judge Bernard Botein. Presiding Justice of the Appellate Division of New York's Supreme Court, ana ne adds, "Most of those jailed because of inability to raise ball could nave been safely released. The average cost of each prisoner is estimated at $6.25 per day, meaning that the .cost just to this one city runs to tens of millions a year. More hundreds of millions are being wasted on the build Ing of new and bigger jails to lodge the rapidly Increasing number of prisoners detained before trial up to 83 per cent just since 1950. In New York City, reports Herbert Sturz, director of the Manhattan Bail Project, 45 per cent of per sons accused of a crime can't raise bail when it is set at $2,000. In Baltimore and St, Louis 75 per cent of accused persons can't raise bail at any figure.. In Philadelphia 50 per cent can't. Countless more millions are lost in taxes at all levels of government because people in prison can't earn money on which to pay taxes. More millions are needlessly spent by com munities for the relief of prisoners' families. No one can count the hidden costs to a community when the children of a pris oner become delinquents. Although there has been talk about reform of our bail, system for years, it wasn't until 1961 when a chemical engi neer named Louis Schweitzer came into the picture that the talk turned into action. Convinced that inability to post bail was tantamount to making poverty a crime, Schweitzer es tablished the Vera Foundation and launched a thorough ex periment known as the Manhattan Bail Project. The Manhattan Bail Project is genius-like in its simplicity. Each morning, Vera staff members investigate about 30 persons arrested in the previous 24 hours. They then recommend to the judges whether or not the defendants are good risks for release without bond. Of the more than 1,000 accused persons released without bail on the basis of Vera recommendations since October 1961, only nine have jumped parole a "no show" record of less than 1 per cent and, as Justice Botein emphasizes, "much smaller than the ratio of nonappearance among defendants who furnish bail.", Of the Vera parolees, 60 per cent have won acquittals or had their cases dismissed. Of the 40 per cent found guilty, only one in six hat been sentenced to prison. Of defendants Interviewed, 70 per cent are now con sidered to be good risks for pre-trial parole. So impressive has been the experiment's success that even before the national conference, the bail reform movement is spreading. - ' Experimental pre-trial parole programs are being intro duced in St. Louis, Baltimore, Chicago, the District of Columbia, Des Moines, New York's Nassau County. New York City's au thorities are now moving to make pre-trial parole a perma nent adjunct of the courts. 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