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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 20, 1963)
WEDNESDAY. "Everyone la Bouthirn Oregon Publlihed DeUy except Saturday by S3 North Fir gt. Ph. 77H-6141. " tannr.B'r lM RUftiTTidlto'r HERB GREY Advertlllnl Manager GERALD T LATHAM. Bue Mr ERIC W ALLEN JR.. Mje. EARL H ADAMS. City Editor . OAHni ....111.'!...!, -J?'" ' I RICHARD JEWETT, Sports Ed lor - OLIVE S TAIU.MfcH women soijw DALE ER1CKSON, CtrouUUon Mgr An Independent Kewipapei Entered at tecond ami matter at Medford. Oregon under aci oi March 3, 1807 SUBSCRIPTION RATES n Msii In Arivanea. Dally and Sunday I yaar S1S.00 Dally and Sunday moi 0 00 Dally and Sunday 3 ma axm Sunday Only-One year IB.M sineu cony (Mailed) Joe n.. rnm-knA MfltiT ROUta, Oally and Sunday 1 year 21 00 Dally and Sunday J mo. c..bu nnlu 1 tftft. WO Carrier andVeMora - Cop 10c fffticl.! Paner of City of Medford official Paper ot Jackson County United Praia International full Leased Wire 1. Telephoto Newapleturea BIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATIONS NELSON ROBERTS Ve A,.,.. iM Mw Vork. Chi cago. Detroit, San Frjncltco. Loi Aneel.a. Seatue. Portland. Denver. NIWSFAMI NATIONAL (DITOIIAl Member California Newipaper Publlthera Association Flight o' Time Medford and Jackson County History from tha files of Thj Mall Tribune 10,, 20, 30, 40 and SO years aflo. 10 YEARS AGO Nov. 20. 1953 (rtdey) Officials of Mercy Flights, Inc., reported yesterday that they will have an identical re placement for the damaged San son Reliant in service by Tues dsy The 1953 Christmas seals haye been delivered by mail to Jack son County residents. 20 YEARS AGO Nov. 20, 1913 (Saturday) Mre r.. B. Collins and Mrs. , Murray Gardner announce plans tn Konlnr Girl ScOUtS "Wing in Medford. From Arthur Perry's "Ye Smudge Pot" column: "Upstate Democrats are reported map ping strategy for 1944 and i ook-t- tr Innnvntlons. A candidate will have to show something be sides the anility m grsu presidential coat uu ana sad. ' 39 YEARS AGO Nov. 20, 1933 (Monday) Roland Hubbard, vice presl dent of Chamber of Commerce, announces plsns for formation of ski club in Medford area; Glen Fabrick elected president of organization. W. E. Thompson named ap praiser of Medford and Talent Irrigation Districts, according to Olen Arnspiger, manager of dis tricts. ' 40 YEARS AGO Nov. 20, 1923 (Tuesday) Three DeAutremont brothers Indicted by Jackson County grand jury for Slskiyous tunnel murders and train robbery; W. A. Gates foreman of jury. Salem High School coach de clares Medford fans are "loud mouthed jayhawkers" after his team defeated Medford 13 to 7. SO YEARS AGO Nov. 20, 1913 (Tharday ) Ralph Norris, tackle on Med ford High School football team, suffers broken collar bone dur ing practice scrimmage. Records show that Prosecutor E. E. Kelly has secured 15 con victions in 20 cases during cur rent term of court. What's Your I.Q.? Nine or ten correct It iu parlor; even oi eight It aicellenti tlve or ill Is good. 1. Name the President of the U.S. who laid the cornerstone of the White House. 2. "Amlgo" in Spanish means what in English? 3. Does the dromedary, or bactrian, camel have two humps? 4. was Julius Caesar's life span before, or after, the birth of Christ? 5. Would you guess (hat the continent with the highest pro portion of Illiteracy is Asia, Africa, or South America? 6. Does an adult's heart, or brain, weigh more? 7. Were Liberty Bonds first Issued by the U.S. during the War Between the States, Spanish-American War, or W.W. I? 8. Sen. Frank Church repre sents which State in the U.o, Congress? 9. Complete the much-quoted saving. ''Eternal vigilance is lhn nrlpn of ". 10. file closing words of the Declaration of Independence are "... we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, , . ."? Answers! 1. George Washing ton. 2. Friend. 3. Bactrian. 4. Before. 5. Africa. 6. Brain. 7. W.W. I. . Idaho. . "...lib erty." 10. ". . . oar fortunes, ' and our sacred Honor," ,4 A Iff MYVJn rYSiu,ll,H", i'MoeiT,oN NOVEMBER 21, 1961 The Tide of Tolerance ' Columnist Max Lerner raises the question of why the fact that Sen. Barry Goldwater is one-half Jewish (although, by religion, an hpis copalian) has not been more widely discussed. During the 1960 campaign the fact that John F. Kennedy is a (Jathonc discussed, bo far, even appeal's to be the ination, his Jewish origins have been little noted. Lemer says : "... I happen to believe that It isn't healthy, either for the country or the Jews, to stay away from the sub ject . . . Surely the fact of his Jewish heredity is not far absent from the minds of most Americans, even if they don't talk or write about it. The experience of Jews throughout history has been that even when they are only partly Jewish, and even if they or their parents are con verted, the world thinks of them as Jews and so does history . . ." e ' e LIE ALSO quoted the famous remark by Harry Golden (also Jewish) : "I have always thought that if a Jew ever became president, he would turn out to be an Episcopalian." And Lerner concludes that the reluctance to talk about Goldwater's racial heritage stems in part from Americans' as bigots. He says: you can speak ot a man in puouc lire as a uainouc, and no one catches his breath. But speak of him as a Jew, and both of you catch a whiff of possible anti Semitism in the air." We agree with Lemer that a discussion of Goldwater's Jewish oririns is fullv as germane today as discussion of was three years ago. But while defending cussion, we have to add nor Jewish connections man's abilities, nor his presidency. LERNER does not expect Goldwater to be sue- "The real test of whether America is ready for a Jew in the White House ... is more likely to come with the candidacy of someone like Sen. Javlts or Mr. Justice Gold berg. I suspect that the willingness to consider such men is at least a decade away, perhaps more. "And when it comes to the readiness to accept a Ralph Bunche in the White House, the decade will have to be stretched to several generations." Certainly the time is not yet in sicrht when America would or could But the tide of religious in the right direction, certainly, when a man with a Jewish name and a Jewish father can seriously be considered for the nomination by either party. A. Explosion Melvin B. Voorhees. Argus, repprts on a little he declares is highly significant. It is. The event has to do with wheat, just wheat. we points out that, cuirarai revolution, wheat is eettinz to be in snort supply throughout sive surpluses built up, in this nation since World War II are hardly a 'drop in the bucket when compared to worldwide potential. The purchases of Canadian wheat bv Red China and Russia, and the United States wheat are simply straws (no pun intended) in, the wind. IT MAY will be that our surplus wheat some 1 day will vanish, and once again we will be concerned with increasing the supply. in view ot this likelihood. Voorhees report taxes on special interest. ". . . The American farmer, and in particular the wheat farmer of the Northwest, has won a glorious skir mish on the Cold War's strategic food front. He did It through his courageous willingness to accept a laboratory discovery and gamble it into meaningfuuiess. "For decades, the dedicated personnel of Washington State University's College of Agriculture have labored to improve the staff of life, wheat. They succeeded. "They found a deterrent to foot rot fungus and to the once mysterious wheat killer, stripe rust. They have found a method to speed wheat plant emergence, an Im portant growth factor, and to increase winter-hardiness. By cross-breeding, they have improved the varieties of the so-called club wheat, the best types for milling, and they have accomplished much, much more. "It seems only yesterday when, with overly modest fanfare, they came up with the variety called Gaines. What happened afterward has no parallel. "Gaines is a sturdy, short-stemmed, fast-growing, big headed, disease-resistant mutation. It has produced fan tastically big yields . . , "An historic truth not yet well-known is that this far mers' acceptance of the WSU 'discovery' resulted In the most successful wheat variety increase program in all world history. "Three years ago just about 2,900 Individual (one might say 'experimental') plantings of Gaines were made, mostly in this stale east of the Columbia and south of Spokane. "Today, the Gaines seeding covers three million acres. No similar Innovation ever approached such a figure. "As a result, the per-acre yield of wheat has risen as toundingly as much and more than too per cent on irri gated lands and several hundred per cent on some dry lands. "This appears to be one of the greatest success stories in the annals of agriculture. Its significance to a world forever in need of more and more food may be beyond projection." IT IS A fact too little recognized in the thinking 1 of fat and happy America that two-thirds of the world's people do not get enough to eat, and that thousands upon thousands die every day every day, mind you from malnutri tion or starvation. It is another too little-recoirnized fact that the population of the world per hour. Put the two together and one can only con clude that any increase in the world supply of food must be called a Good Thing. E.A. . was widely Known and though ben. Goldwater front-runner for the GOP nom reluctance to be classed Kennedy's Catholicism the right to this dis that neither Catholicism have any bearing on a qualifications for the elect a Negro President. and racial tolerance is in Wheat writinc in the Seattle - publicized event which desoite America s "arrri- the world. The mas demand, actual and Russians dickering for In part, he said : is growing by about 7,000 nocKEFEunnf in I B S'ilii' "Talk about rushing the Christmas season they seem to be rushing the political season more Communications Lerers to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer, although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial for publication Is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the riaht to edit all letters with a view to clarification end condensation. Letter submitted tor publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters printed In this column do not necessarily represent the views of rre paper, In fact the contrary Is often the case. Tall in the Saddle To the Editor: My! My!, Mr. DeVoss, how tall in the saddle do you ride when it comes to stopping fish snaggers, or may be bank robbers? I suppose when it comes to combatting the latter, you would propose we outlaw money so they won't have anything to steal. Better yet. let's do awav with the Friday dinner habit, so we can arrest anyone who eats fish. This comparison sounds with wild imagination, but so do yours and other writers' con tinued ridicule of what are the responsibilities as to sportsman ship of people who like to hunt or fish. If law officers want help from the general public to up hold laws, they can ask for it and they will get it, if they will direct the efforts of those who wish to help. Mr. uevoss, you are o u 1 1 e wrong wnen you say there were no protests. Tnere were many wno reported snaggers and evi dence of snagging last season, Property owners and fishermen on the Upper Koaue do want the snaggers stopped, because law breakers of any type are not the friends most people wish to cultivate. Rick Eastin , Box 310 Prospect, Ore. Protest To the Editor: Enclosed here with is a copy of a letter sent to tne uregon state Game com' mission. We should appreciate your cringing this letter to the at tention of the public by way of the communications column in your newspaper. Mrs. Ken (Shirley) Oswald Secretary Jackson County Chapter Oregon Fish and Game Council Box 83 Gold HUlOre. Oregon State Game Commission P. O. BOX 3503 Portland. Ore. Gentlemen: The Jackson County Chapter of the Oregon Fish and Game Council would like to strongly voice Its ob jection to the portion of the Tentative Angling Rules Pro posed for 1964 pertaining to clo sure of the Rogue River above Elk Creek. This membership is of the opinion that better Salmon pro tection could be acnievea oy in outlawing the use of treble hooks on the entire river and (2) having at least one Game Conservation officer patrol the river on a full time basis dur ing the Salmon angling season. Closure of the upper Rogue will not only place a heavy bur den on the portions of the river remaining open, but will also be detrimental to business areas located above Elk Creek. Mrs. Ken( Shirley) Oswald, Secretary Jackson County Chapter How She Feds To the Editor: I'm a widow recently moved to Oregon. I've been reading the letters in the paper to see how people feel and think on different subjects. Right now I'd like to refer to a letter by Frank Koch and the editor's note below the letter of 11-13-63. What Mr. Koch says makes sense to me. What the editor says seems to be begging the Issue. While the editor gives the "perintent part of Article VI of the U.S. Constitution," seems to me the editor quoted exactly the same thing Mr. Koch had said In a condensed form. Yet tha editor says that was the "big lie" technique. Would you say the editor Indulged In the "Big Smear" technique? 1 have the U.N. Charter in .he back of my dictionary. Chaptr VI Article 41 and 42 are par ticularly Interesting, and in view of the editor's own expla nation ot Article VI of the U.S. MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. and more, too!" Constitution supporting Mr. Koch's condensed version cf "Treaties shall become the law of the land." I don't like the idea of the U.S. being ruled by the U.N. The U.N. most cer tainly does not work for the best interest of the United States. If that puts me in the editor's defi nition of the "Birchers and their ilk," so be it for that is the way I think. I've talked to many Oregonians since I've been here and most of them seem to think the same way. Mrs. k. . Ellis , P.O. Box 304 Rogue River, Ore. Strictly Personal By Sydney J. Harris (cl Field Enterprlaei, Inc. DRIVERS Rather than beine shocked into indignation by the fact that 40,000 Americans are slaugh tered annually on the highways, I am surprised, and even grati fied, that the figure is not much higher than this. A stranger to our country, observing the habits of motorists, would sure ly estimate a death toll three times as great. Consider, for example, the simple matter of turning-signals which flash on the front and rear when the driver wants to turn left or right. About one dri ver out of three will flash the wrong signal: he will turn on his left flicker when he wants to go right, and vice versa. If a motorist does not know his left from his right, it is nearly a miracle that he can negotiate traffic for a week without kill ing someone. The misuse of "brlghts" at night also Indicates that the fatality rate should be much larger. It is true that most drivers (especially those used to country roads) know enough to dim their brights at an approaching car. But many of them will Immedi ately turn their brlghts on again before they pass you to let you know that yours are too bright, even when your brights are not on. They want to "punish" you for having ordinary night lights that are too bright, even though the punishment might involve your crashing into them while dazzled by their retributive ugnts. Moreover, not one driver In a hundred understands the use of bright lights while traveling behind another car on a dark highway. Most will follow directly behind you with their brights full on. even though the lights on your car are providing them with complete illumination. Few are courteous or consid erate or intelligent enough to dim their brlghts while tra veling in caravan style. e Nine motorists out of ten don't know the rules for turning left into an intersection. The whole order of "right-of-wav" is a mystery to the majority of drivers, even tnougn mey may have qualified for licenses and howehow managed to pass a perfunctory and hurried test, In my slate, Illinois, millions of us never took such a test. I received my first driver's It cense in 1935, before there was a stale examination. When such an examination was made compulsory for new drivers a tew years later, I was given a new license automatically and never required lo prove mv pro ficiency. For all the authorities know, I might be deaf, with cataracts in one eve, and suf fering from periodic attacks of petit mat. If we really wanted to cut the auto death rale in half, or more, it could be done within six months. Our leniency to ward offenders is pure self-in- OREGON U.S. Showing Concern With Expanding Trade Relations Between Russia, West PHIL NCWSOM UP! rorelm News Analyst The "oceans" of trade once offered to the 'West by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev haven't yet quite reached those proportions. But the volume of East-West trade, which hit $4.5 billion last year, is headed for t .new rec ord this year and Is enough to cause the United States con cern. It also carries with it the pos sibility of opening up a new rift among the already bicker ing Western Allies. U.S. concern, which is be ing expounded in Europe this week by Under Secretary of State George W. Ball, Is based I I In the Day's News By FRANK From Salem: Oregon's traffic death toll has tied the all-time state high of 492 recorded In 1959, and traf fic safety officials fear the toll this year could top 550. If the toll follows its pattern for the balance of this year, 18 more people will die in traffic accidents this month and an other 44 will be killed in De cember. So far this year, the toll has been above average every month. So, if the average holds, Ore gons' traffic death toll for 1963 will be 554. TT SOUNDS grim, doesn't it? But wait a minute. Before jumping to the con elusion that Oregon drivers are getting constantly more reck less, there is another factor that must be taken into considera tion. This factor is the number of motor vehicles on Oregon's highways. It stands to reason that the more motor vehicles there are on our highways the greater uie driving nazards win be. TN 1959, there were 908,607 mo tor vehicles registered in Ore gon. In that year, there were 492 traffic fatalities. That fig ures out. at one tramc fatality or eacn ita motor ventcles. We do not yet know how many motor vehicles are regis tered in Oregon. In that year, there were 492 traffic fatalities. That figures out at one traffic fatality for each 185 motor ve hicles. We do not yet know how many vehicles are registered in 1963 for the year isn't yet finished and the figure has not yet been computed. But in the Fight Communism Support Greed By Arthur Hoppe Alas. We have suffered a stun ning setback In Southeast Asia. Officials in Washington are re ported "gravely concerned." And you can't blame them. Prince Sihanouk of Cambodia has announced he definitely might not take any more of our money. This act of defiance by a Na tion we have given $365 million is a stab in the back. Worse, the Prince plans to go right on tak ing millions and millions of ru bles from the Russians. Oh, I'll bet they're crowing in the Krem lin tonight. Over their upcoming deficits. Frankly, I see only one dras tic way to stave off this awful disaster. It's the method we used in the neighboring kingdom of West Vhtnnng, the only Asian country on which I'm an author ity. Because I made it up. At the time, West Vhtnnng was ruled by Prince Sisboombah Shnouk, a dedicated neutralist. Meaning he docilely took money from both sides rather than make anybody mad. And for years, everyone was happy. The Russians were hap py saving the Vhtnnngians from capitalism. The Americans were happy saving the Vhtnnngians from communism. The Vhtnnn gians, who couldn't care less, were happy sploshing around in their rice paddies. And the Prince was happy building a vil la on the Riviera. But one day an awful thing happened. The Prince finished building his villa! Three months later, he sat down and wrote a letter to Washington. "Dear President Buchanan, "he wrote, not re alizing times had changed. "No offense, but please knock off the dulgence. We would rather lake a great risk than tighten the re strictions against ourselves. Modern man's attitude toward his car would make the su premely classic study in Irrationality. on two counts. One is the grow ing temptation,, notably among Britain and some qf the small er NATO nations, to reduce the list of strategic materials now embargoed against sale to the Soviet Union and its. satellites. The other deals with the long term credits being granted in some cases to the Soviets. The United States holds that these credits not only underwrite the Communist economy, they also permit the Soviets to continue to build up a war machine which some day may be used against the West. The United States believes credit should be limited to five years with at least a 20 per cent down payment. Russia's huge grain deals, In cluding the $250 million wheat agreement with the United States, have helped to focus at tention on trade with the Soviet bloc but they are not at the seat of the argument. JENKINS past registered motor vehicles have been increasing at a rate of about ten per cent per men. nium. If that rate holds, there should be about 1,096,000 regis tered motor vehicles in our state. That figures out at one traffic fatality for each 199 motor ve hicles. In other words, the indi vidual HAZARD this year is slightly less than in 1959. TPHAT brings up some interest- ing figures recently cited by the Roseburg News Review, which said: "According to the Oregon De partment of Motor Vehicles' Traffic Safety Division, there is a possibility that Oregon will record more than 500 traffic deaths this year. If this est! mate is accurate ... the waste of human resources reflected by it is sickening. What makes it even more sickening is that a big proportion of these deaths could have been averted. "For example: "The report shows that 66 per cent of the drivers involved in Oregon's fatal accidents during the first half of the year were VIOLATING A TRAFFIC LAW at the time of impact. Speed too fast for driving conditions at the time accounted for 28 per cent of the violations. "Another 16 per cent died be cause their cars were ON THE WRONG SIDE OF THE HIGH. WAY. Eleven per cent died be cause tne driver was driving in a negligent manner.". T ET'S put it this way: " RECKLESS DRIVING is responsible for TWO-THIRDS of ail the traffic deaths in Oregon wis year. That's a rugged record. money. The stuff is piling up around the house and the wife complains it ruins the color scheme. We'd quit taking rubles iu, out me nussians give ureen oiamps. neutrally yours. wnat a bombshell! "Good grief, what if this heresy spreads?" cried the State De partment. "What will we do with our old tanks?" comnlainwl tha Pentagon. "What a revolting de velopment," whispered the CIA, hopefully. "R is," said the Pres- laent, alter a careful study, "an maun to our nag. "So we took steps. First, we sent a Great White Fleet to steam ominously along the coast of landlocked Vhtnnng. Second, we trained 174 Intercontinpninl rockets on the little Asian na tion. And lastly, we dispatched our Ambassador to the Prince's Palace, along with 16 divisions of U. S. military advisers. Prince Shnouk appeared in the oorway, dragging a white flag "I surrender," he said wilh s sigh. 'Good," said our Ambassa dor, slutting a million dollar bill in the Prince s pocket. "Please accept this token from a grale- iui ttmencan people. Or else. And, suppressing a groan, the rrinee did. So let's be charitable to Cam bodia. And, above all, let's back up our threats of charity with force. For it the time's come when we can't count on the greed of such people, our whole foreign policy is in bad trouble. Because as long as we give peo ple money merely to win our o a 1 1 1 e against communism, they've got to take it. Or we lose. Of course, I sometimes dream we might find another reason for giving people money. Like maybe simply because we've got it to spare and they need it des perately. True, we might still lose a country here and there. But we'd feel much better about The deal for U.S. wheat pre sumably is one-shot and is for casn. Meanwhile. Russian agents have been on a real buying spree. tney want not only western industrial goods but Western know-how as well. The Russians are buying en tire plants with which to pro duce fertilizer. They are buy ing ships from Italy, Sweden and Japan and pulp mills from Finland. From Britain they have or dered polyethylene plants, two low temperature gas separa tion plants and machinery for a synthetic rubber plant. witn west Germany, the So viets have closed deals for con struction machinery, box cars ana synthetic fiber plants. under an agreement w th Italy, Russia will ship large THE TWO EUROPES-I In the past few weeks I have had a number of Interesting talks with men on both sides of the iron curtain. I have been in Rome, Paris and London, in Budapest and Warsaw. I was interested, of course, in East- West relations and primarily in better understanding of the present phase of the cold war. perhaps I should begin by ad mitting that like almost all travelers abroad I found much to confirm what I had thought before I started. In my case, it was that while the conflict be tween East and West will not be settled in our time, there has re cently been, nevertheless, a new turn in human affairs which is changing radically the conditions of that conflict. The turn has been brought about, in the main, by the fact that the advent of the new gen eration coincides with the gen eral revulsion against thermo nuclear war; the turn coincides, also, with a wide recognition that not only for the advanced economies, but for the under developed ones as well, tradi tional Marxism, traditional con servatism and traditional pro gressivism are all out-of-date. They are no longer adequate to point the way or sufficienUy relevant to explain what Is hap pening. As a result, 1 may say in passing, much American politi cal talk seems curiously by passed, indeed provincial, when it is read in Europe today. And therefore, while Europeans still pay close attention to what the United States government does witn its enormous power, they are no longer closely interested in our advice and our "leader ship." EARLY in my trip I asked a leading Catholic thinker, who is in Rome for the Vatican Council, why the Church with its irreconcilable opposition to communism was nevertheless promoting arrangements and accommodations with the Com munist governments of Eastern Europe. His first answer was that in its pastoral function the Church could not cut itself off from the faithful no matter where they lived. Then he went on to sav that the closer the human inter course with the western world, the better for the people in the Communist states. The West, he said, has every interest in open ing up trade, cultural exchanges and travel. They let light and air into the closed societies. I then asked, but are you not concerned that, vice versa, as western influence increases with contact so will the influence of communism increase in contact with the masses of the people in the West? "That is a risk," he said. "The answer to it is that the West will become less vulner able insofar as it learns to strengthen Its own beliefs by re newal, reform and moderniza tion. There is," he said, "no alternative to this. If the West does not make the effort, its order will break down regard less of Communist influence." Here he was speaking, I think, the sovereign truth which is at the heart of things. LATER, after I had been to Budapest, where I saw Ka dar and others, and to Warsaw, where I saw Gomulka and oth ers, I went on to Paris. There 1 talked over what I had seen with some of the wise men. A French friend, whom I have known many years, was interested, but not surprised, when I told him that in Poland the official attitude, though for mally pro-Soviet, was verv ten- der about China. According to Mr. Gomulka, the Soviet diffi culties with China are due en tirely to the United States, which, by isolating and boycot ting cnina, nas driven the Chi nese to nuclear weapons. When my wife asked why the Soviet Union didn't supply the weapons to China, Mr. Gomulka amounts of oil in exchange for machinery, chemical equipment and other goods. The Russians have said they could order more than billion dollars worth of complex ma chinery from the United States, assuming the wheat deal goes smoothly. Germany is extending Its sys tem of economic missions throughout the Soviet bloc in the interests of expanding trade but agrees with the United States on the need for limit ed credit. France also is in general agreement and es pecially Is not interested in So viet barter schemes. The argument for expanded trade is that it will strengthen diplomatic ties and weaken Communist revolutionary zeal. The argument against it is that in Soviet hands trade is as much a weapon as a rocket. Today and Tomorrow By Walter. Lippmann . (CI 1963 The Waihington Pert replied that the Soviet Union was too much attached to peace to disseminate nuclear bombs! The United States, he insisted dogmatically, nad produced the rift between Peking and Mos cow which did nobody any good except the enemies of commu nism, and particularly the Unit ed States. What I made out of this weird hodgepodge was that Poland was attempting to mediate in the quarrel, and that among other things the Poles want to preserve the influence of China, not only for Communist reas ons, but for Polish reasons. For Mr. Gomulka himself is both a hard-shelled Communist and a passionate Pole: as such, he is forced to rely on Russia against Germany. Indeed, he professes to be certain that the United States has already begun giving nuclear weapons to West Ger many. He is forced at the same time to rely on China against the overwhelming weight of Russia. '"THE Frenchman agreed and 1 then went on to say that the current Marxist leaders are confused in their thinking and have indeed lost their way. They revert easily to the older patterns of European power politics. The reason they have lost their way is that the Marxist ideology is glaringly unsuited to the nuclear age. Until the Russians had really learned about nuclear weapons by making them and testing them, they had continued to be lieve, as Stalin believed, in the orthodox Marxist view of war: there can be no war between Communist states; wars always begin in the rivalry of capitalist states; the class struggle in capitalist states causes war which will destroy capitalism and will usher in the triumph of communism. But in the 1950s Khrushchev and his colleagues came to rea lize that in a nuclear war both sides would be irreparably in jured, that there would be no real victors and that therefore in a third world war there would be no Stalins to occupy the ruins of a Hitler empire. So, nuclear war had to be avoided. Peace, or at least non-war, had become necessary and unavoid able, and in this realization the old foundations of Marxism. THE effect 'of the'nuclear situ ation has been to begin dis solving the cement which holds together the Communist bloc. This does not mean that Poland, Hungary and the others are about to jump the fence. There are no signs of that. But it does mean that the power of Mos cow over the satellites is de clining, because the discipline of war hot or cold is wearing off. Because almost everyone thinks that we are no longer on the brink of nuclear war, the authority of the big nuclear powers to coerce their allies has greatly diminished. Eastern Europe no longer feels entirely dependent on Moscow as West ern Europe no longer feels en tirely dependent on Washington. For this reason, the govern ments of Poland and Hungary, and I should think of the other eastern states as well, feel less constrained to take orders from the imperial center in Moscow. But at the same time, because they are less dependent on Moscow, they cannot use Mos cow as an alibi for their own failures. They must pay for their own mistakes. They have, therefore, to win the support of their own people. That they are trying to do this Is evident in their economic pol icy, where capital investment no longer has that ruthless pri ority over private consumption which it had in Stalin's day. It appears also in the relations of eastern Communist govern ments with the Church. For they dare not offend too much the mass ot the people. Thus the discipline of th rnlrl war, the tension caused by the ear oi war, is relaxed, relaxed in every village, and the Com- munist governments are aware of it. it. We really would. f ) t
