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An Independent Kewipapei
Entered at tecond ami matter at
Medford. Oregon under aci oi
March 3, 1807
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Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from tha files of Thj
Mall Tribune 10,, 20, 30, 40
and SO years aflo.
10 YEARS AGO
Nov. 20. 1953 (rtdey)
Officials of Mercy Flights,
Inc., reported yesterday that
they will have an identical re
placement for the damaged San
son Reliant in service by Tues
dsy The 1953 Christmas seals haye
been delivered by mail to Jack
son County residents.
20 YEARS AGO
Nov. 20, 1913 (Saturday)
Mre r.. B. Collins and Mrs.
, Murray Gardner announce plans
tn Konlnr Girl ScOUtS "Wing
in Medford.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "Upstate
Democrats are reported map
ping strategy for 1944 and i ook-t-
tr Innnvntlons. A candidate
will have to show something be
sides the anility m grsu
presidential coat uu ana
sad. '
39 YEARS AGO
Nov. 20, 1933 (Monday)
Roland Hubbard, vice presl
dent of Chamber of Commerce,
announces plsns for formation
of ski club in Medford area;
Glen Fabrick elected president
of organization.
W. E. Thompson named ap
praiser of Medford and Talent
Irrigation Districts, according to
Olen Arnspiger, manager of dis
tricts. '
40 YEARS AGO
Nov. 20, 1923 (Tuesday)
Three DeAutremont brothers
Indicted by Jackson County
grand jury for Slskiyous tunnel
murders and train robbery; W.
A. Gates foreman of jury.
Salem High School coach de
clares Medford fans are "loud
mouthed jayhawkers" after his
team defeated Medford 13 to 7.
SO YEARS AGO
Nov. 20, 1913 (Tharday )
Ralph Norris, tackle on Med
ford High School football team,
suffers broken collar bone dur
ing practice scrimmage.
Records show that Prosecutor
E. E. Kelly has secured 15 con
victions in 20 cases during cur
rent term of court.
What's Your I.Q.?
Nine or ten correct It iu parlor;
even oi eight It aicellenti tlve or
ill Is good.
1. Name the President of the
U.S. who laid the cornerstone
of the White House.
2. "Amlgo" in Spanish means
what in English?
3. Does the dromedary, or
bactrian, camel have two
humps?
4. was Julius Caesar's life
span before, or after, the birth
of Christ?
5. Would you guess (hat the
continent with the highest pro
portion of Illiteracy is Asia,
Africa, or South America?
6. Does an adult's heart, or
brain, weigh more?
7. Were Liberty Bonds first
Issued by the U.S. during the
War Between the States, Spanish-American
War, or W.W. I?
8. Sen. Frank Church repre
sents which State in the U.o,
Congress?
9. Complete the much-quoted
saving. ''Eternal vigilance is
lhn nrlpn of ".
10. file closing words of the
Declaration of Independence
are "... we mutually pledge
to each other, our lives, , . ."?
Answers! 1. George Washing
ton. 2. Friend. 3. Bactrian. 4.
Before. 5. Africa. 6. Brain. 7.
W.W. I. . Idaho. . "...lib
erty." 10. ". . . oar fortunes,
' and our sacred Honor,"
,4 A
Iff MYVJn
rYSiu,ll,H",
i'MoeiT,oN
NOVEMBER 21, 1961
The Tide of Tolerance
' Columnist Max Lerner raises the question
of why the fact that Sen. Barry Goldwater is
one-half Jewish (although, by religion, an hpis
copalian) has not been more widely discussed.
During the 1960 campaign the fact that John
F. Kennedy is a (Jathonc
discussed, bo far, even
appeal's to be the
ination, his Jewish origins have been little noted.
Lemer says :
"... I happen to believe that It isn't healthy, either
for the country or the Jews, to stay away from the sub
ject . . . Surely the fact of his Jewish heredity is not far
absent from the minds of most Americans, even if they
don't talk or write about it. The experience of Jews
throughout history has been that even when they are only
partly Jewish, and even if they or their parents are con
verted, the world thinks of them as Jews and so does
history . . ."
e ' e
LIE ALSO quoted the famous remark by Harry
Golden (also Jewish) : "I have always
thought that if a Jew ever became president, he
would turn out to be an Episcopalian."
And Lerner concludes that the reluctance
to talk about Goldwater's racial heritage stems
in part from Americans'
as bigots. He says:
you can speak ot a man in puouc lire as a uainouc,
and no one catches his breath. But speak of him as a
Jew, and both of you catch a whiff of possible anti
Semitism in the air."
We agree with Lemer that a discussion of
Goldwater's Jewish oririns is fullv as germane
today as discussion of
was three years ago.
But while defending
cussion, we have to add
nor Jewish connections
man's abilities, nor his
presidency.
LERNER does not expect Goldwater to be sue-
"The real test of whether America is ready for a Jew
in the White House ... is more likely to come with the
candidacy of someone like Sen. Javlts or Mr. Justice Gold
berg. I suspect that the willingness to consider such men
is at least a decade away, perhaps more.
"And when it comes to the readiness to accept a Ralph
Bunche in the White House, the decade will have to be
stretched to several generations."
Certainly the time is not yet in sicrht when
America would or could
But the tide of religious
in the right direction, certainly, when a man
with a Jewish name and a Jewish father can
seriously be considered for the nomination by
either party. A.
Explosion
Melvin B. Voorhees.
Argus, repprts on a little
he declares is highly significant. It is.
The event has to do with wheat, just wheat.
we points out that,
cuirarai revolution, wheat is eettinz to be in
snort supply throughout
sive surpluses built up, in this nation since World
War II are hardly a 'drop in the bucket when
compared to worldwide
potential.
The purchases of Canadian wheat bv Red
China and Russia, and the
United States wheat are simply straws (no pun
intended) in, the wind.
IT MAY will be that our surplus wheat some
1 day will vanish, and once again we will be
concerned with increasing the supply.
in view ot this likelihood. Voorhees report
taxes on special interest.
". . . The American farmer, and in particular the
wheat farmer of the Northwest, has won a glorious skir
mish on the Cold War's strategic food front. He did It
through his courageous willingness to accept a laboratory
discovery and gamble it into meaningfuuiess.
"For decades, the dedicated personnel of Washington
State University's College of Agriculture have labored to
improve the staff of life, wheat. They succeeded.
"They found a deterrent to foot rot fungus and to the
once mysterious wheat killer, stripe rust. They have
found a method to speed wheat plant emergence, an Im
portant growth factor, and to increase winter-hardiness.
By cross-breeding, they have improved the varieties of
the so-called club wheat, the best types for milling, and
they have accomplished much, much more.
"It seems only yesterday when, with overly modest
fanfare, they came up with the variety called Gaines.
What happened afterward has no parallel.
"Gaines is a sturdy, short-stemmed, fast-growing, big
headed, disease-resistant mutation. It has produced fan
tastically big yields . . ,
"An historic truth not yet well-known is that this far
mers' acceptance of the WSU 'discovery' resulted In the
most successful wheat variety increase program in all
world history.
"Three years ago just about 2,900 Individual (one might
say 'experimental') plantings of Gaines were made, mostly
in this stale east of the Columbia and south of Spokane.
"Today, the Gaines seeding covers three million acres.
No similar Innovation ever approached such a figure.
"As a result, the per-acre yield of wheat has risen as
toundingly as much and more than too per cent on irri
gated lands and several hundred per cent on some dry
lands. "This appears to be one of the greatest success stories
in the annals of agriculture. Its significance to a world
forever in need of more and more food may be beyond
projection."
IT IS A fact too little recognized in the thinking
1 of fat and happy America that two-thirds
of the world's people do not get enough to eat,
and that thousands upon thousands die every
day every day, mind you from malnutri
tion or starvation.
It is another too little-recoirnized fact that the
population of the world
per hour.
Put the two together and one can only con
clude that any increase in the world supply of
food must be called a Good Thing. E.A. .
was widely Known and
though ben. Goldwater
front-runner for the GOP nom
reluctance to be classed
Kennedy's Catholicism
the right to this dis
that neither Catholicism
have any bearing on a
qualifications for the
elect a Negro President.
and racial tolerance is
in Wheat
writinc in the Seattle
- publicized event which
desoite America s "arrri-
the world. The mas
demand, actual and
Russians dickering for
In part, he said :
is growing by about 7,000
nocKEFEunnf in I B
S'ilii'
"Talk about rushing the Christmas season they seem to be
rushing the political season more
Communications
Lerers to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer,
although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial
for publication Is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the riaht to
edit all letters with a view to clarification end condensation. Letter
submitted tor publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters
printed In this column do not necessarily represent the views of rre
paper, In fact the contrary Is often the case.
Tall in the Saddle
To the Editor: My! My!, Mr.
DeVoss, how tall in the saddle
do you ride when it comes to
stopping fish snaggers, or may
be bank robbers?
I suppose when it comes to
combatting the latter, you would
propose we outlaw money so
they won't have anything to
steal.
Better yet. let's do awav with
the Friday dinner habit, so we
can arrest anyone who eats fish.
This comparison sounds with
wild imagination, but so do
yours and other writers' con
tinued ridicule of what are the
responsibilities as to sportsman
ship of people who like to hunt
or fish.
If law officers want help
from the general public to up
hold laws, they can ask for it
and they will get it, if they will
direct the efforts of those who
wish to help.
Mr. uevoss, you are o u 1 1 e
wrong wnen you say there were
no protests. Tnere were many
wno reported snaggers and evi
dence of snagging last season,
Property owners and fishermen
on the Upper Koaue do want
the snaggers stopped, because
law breakers of any type are
not the friends most people wish
to cultivate.
Rick Eastin
, Box 310
Prospect, Ore.
Protest
To the Editor: Enclosed here
with is a copy of a letter sent
to tne uregon state Game com'
mission.
We should appreciate your
cringing this letter to the at
tention of the public by way of
the communications column in
your newspaper.
Mrs. Ken (Shirley) Oswald
Secretary
Jackson County Chapter
Oregon Fish and Game
Council
Box 83
Gold HUlOre.
Oregon State Game Commission
P. O. BOX 3503
Portland. Ore.
Gentlemen: The Jackson
County Chapter of the Oregon
Fish and Game Council would
like to strongly voice Its ob
jection to the portion of the
Tentative Angling Rules Pro
posed for 1964 pertaining to clo
sure of the Rogue River above
Elk Creek.
This membership is of the
opinion that better Salmon pro
tection could be acnievea oy in
outlawing the use of treble
hooks on the entire river and
(2) having at least one Game
Conservation officer patrol the
river on a full time basis dur
ing the Salmon angling season.
Closure of the upper Rogue
will not only place a heavy bur
den on the portions of the river
remaining open, but will also
be detrimental to business areas
located above Elk Creek.
Mrs. Ken( Shirley) Oswald,
Secretary
Jackson County Chapter
How She Feds
To the Editor: I'm a widow
recently moved to Oregon. I've
been reading the letters in the
paper to see how people feel
and think on different subjects.
Right now I'd like to refer to
a letter by Frank Koch and the
editor's note below the letter of
11-13-63.
What Mr. Koch says makes
sense to me. What the editor
says seems to be begging the
Issue. While the editor gives the
"perintent part of Article VI of
the U.S. Constitution," seems to
me the editor quoted exactly the
same thing Mr. Koch had said
In a condensed form. Yet tha
editor says that was the "big
lie" technique. Would you say
the editor Indulged In the "Big
Smear" technique?
1 have the U.N. Charter in .he
back of my dictionary. Chaptr
VI Article 41 and 42 are par
ticularly Interesting, and in
view of the editor's own expla
nation ot Article VI of the U.S.
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD.
and more, too!"
Constitution supporting Mr.
Koch's condensed version cf
"Treaties shall become the law
of the land." I don't like the
idea of the U.S. being ruled by
the U.N. The U.N. most cer
tainly does not work for the best
interest of the United States. If
that puts me in the editor's defi
nition of the "Birchers and their
ilk," so be it for that is the
way I think. I've talked to
many Oregonians since I've
been here and most of them
seem to think the same way.
Mrs. k. . Ellis ,
P.O. Box 304
Rogue River, Ore.
Strictly
Personal
By Sydney J. Harris
(cl Field Enterprlaei, Inc.
DRIVERS
Rather than beine shocked
into indignation by the fact that
40,000 Americans are slaugh
tered annually on the highways,
I am surprised, and even grati
fied, that the figure is not much
higher than this. A stranger to
our country, observing the
habits of motorists, would sure
ly estimate a death toll three
times as great.
Consider, for example, the
simple matter of turning-signals
which flash on the front and
rear when the driver wants to
turn left or right. About one dri
ver out of three will flash the
wrong signal: he will turn on
his left flicker when he wants to
go right, and vice versa. If a
motorist does not know his left
from his right, it is nearly a
miracle that he can negotiate
traffic for a week without kill
ing someone.
The misuse of "brlghts" at
night also Indicates that the
fatality rate should be much
larger. It is true that most
drivers (especially those used
to country roads) know
enough to dim their brights at
an approaching car. But
many of them will Immedi
ately turn their brlghts on
again before they pass you
to let you know that yours
are too bright, even when
your brights are not on.
They want to "punish" you
for having ordinary night lights
that are too bright, even though
the punishment might involve
your crashing into them while
dazzled by their retributive
ugnts.
Moreover, not one driver In
a hundred understands the
use of bright lights while
traveling behind another car
on a dark highway. Most will
follow directly behind you
with their brights full on.
even though the lights on
your car are providing them
with complete illumination.
Few are courteous or consid
erate or intelligent enough to
dim their brlghts while tra
veling in caravan style.
e
Nine motorists out of ten
don't know the rules for turning
left into an intersection. The
whole order of "right-of-wav" is
a mystery to the majority of
drivers, even tnougn mey may
have qualified for licenses and
howehow managed to pass a
perfunctory and hurried test,
In my slate, Illinois, millions
of us never took such a test. I
received my first driver's It
cense in 1935, before there was
a stale examination. When
such an examination was made
compulsory for new drivers a
tew years later, I was given a
new license automatically and
never required lo prove mv pro
ficiency. For all the authorities
know, I might be deaf, with
cataracts in one eve, and suf
fering from periodic attacks of
petit mat.
If we really wanted to cut
the auto death rale in half, or
more, it could be done within
six months. Our leniency to
ward offenders is pure self-in-
OREGON
U.S. Showing Concern With Expanding
Trade Relations Between Russia, West
PHIL NCWSOM
UP! rorelm News
Analyst
The "oceans" of trade once
offered to the 'West by Soviet
Premier Nikita Khrushchev
haven't yet quite reached those
proportions.
But the volume of East-West
trade, which hit $4.5 billion last
year, is headed for t .new rec
ord this year and Is enough to
cause the United States con
cern. It also carries with it the pos
sibility of opening up a new
rift among the already bicker
ing Western Allies.
U.S. concern, which is be
ing expounded in Europe this
week by Under Secretary of
State George W. Ball, Is based
I I
In the Day's News
By FRANK
From Salem:
Oregon's traffic death toll has
tied the all-time state high of
492 recorded In 1959, and traf
fic safety officials fear the toll
this year could top 550.
If the toll follows its pattern
for the balance of this year, 18
more people will die in traffic
accidents this month and an
other 44 will be killed in De
cember. So far this year, the
toll has been above average
every month.
So, if the average holds, Ore
gons' traffic death toll for 1963
will be 554.
TT SOUNDS grim, doesn't it?
But wait a minute.
Before jumping to the con
elusion that Oregon drivers are
getting constantly more reck
less, there is another factor that
must be taken into considera
tion. This factor is the number
of motor vehicles on Oregon's
highways.
It stands to reason that the
more motor vehicles there are
on our highways the greater
uie driving nazards win be.
TN 1959, there were 908,607 mo
tor vehicles registered in Ore
gon. In that year, there were
492 traffic fatalities. That fig
ures out. at one tramc fatality
or eacn ita motor ventcles.
We do not yet know how
many motor vehicles are regis
tered in Oregon. In that year,
there were 492 traffic fatalities.
That figures out at one traffic
fatality for each 185 motor ve
hicles. We do not yet know how
many vehicles are registered
in 1963 for the year isn't yet
finished and the figure has not
yet been computed. But in the
Fight Communism
Support Greed
By Arthur Hoppe
Alas. We have suffered a stun
ning setback In Southeast Asia.
Officials in Washington are re
ported "gravely concerned."
And you can't blame them.
Prince Sihanouk of Cambodia
has announced he definitely
might not take any more of our
money.
This act of defiance by a Na
tion we have given $365 million
is a stab in the back. Worse, the
Prince plans to go right on tak
ing millions and millions of ru
bles from the Russians. Oh, I'll
bet they're crowing in the Krem
lin tonight. Over their upcoming
deficits.
Frankly, I see only one dras
tic way to stave off this awful
disaster. It's the method we
used in the neighboring kingdom
of West Vhtnnng, the only Asian
country on which I'm an author
ity. Because I made it up.
At the time, West Vhtnnng
was ruled by Prince Sisboombah
Shnouk, a dedicated neutralist.
Meaning he docilely took money
from both sides rather than
make anybody mad.
And for years, everyone was
happy. The Russians were hap
py saving the Vhtnnngians from
capitalism. The Americans were
happy saving the Vhtnnngians
from communism. The Vhtnnn
gians, who couldn't care less,
were happy sploshing around in
their rice paddies. And the
Prince was happy building a vil
la on the Riviera. But one day
an awful thing happened. The
Prince finished building his
villa!
Three months later, he sat
down and wrote a letter to
Washington. "Dear President
Buchanan, "he wrote, not re
alizing times had changed. "No
offense, but please knock off the
dulgence. We would rather lake
a great risk than tighten the re
strictions against ourselves.
Modern man's attitude toward
his car would make the su
premely classic study in Irrationality.
on two counts. One is the grow
ing temptation,, notably among
Britain and some qf the small
er NATO nations, to reduce the
list of strategic materials now
embargoed against sale to the
Soviet Union and its. satellites.
The other deals with the long
term credits being granted in
some cases to the Soviets. The
United States holds that these
credits not only underwrite the
Communist economy, they also
permit the Soviets to continue
to build up a war machine
which some day may be used
against the West.
The United States believes
credit should be limited to five
years with at least a 20 per
cent down payment.
Russia's huge grain deals, In
cluding the $250 million wheat
agreement with the United
States, have helped to focus at
tention on trade with the Soviet
bloc but they are not at the
seat of the argument.
JENKINS
past registered motor vehicles
have been increasing at a rate
of about ten per cent per men.
nium. If that rate holds, there
should be about 1,096,000 regis
tered motor vehicles in our
state.
That figures out at one traffic
fatality for each 199 motor ve
hicles. In other words, the indi
vidual HAZARD this year is
slightly less than in 1959.
TPHAT brings up some interest-
ing figures recently cited by
the Roseburg News Review,
which said:
"According to the Oregon De
partment of Motor Vehicles'
Traffic Safety Division, there is
a possibility that Oregon will
record more than 500 traffic
deaths this year. If this est!
mate is accurate ... the waste
of human resources reflected by
it is sickening. What makes it
even more sickening is that a
big proportion of these deaths
could have been averted.
"For example:
"The report shows that 66 per
cent of the drivers involved in
Oregon's fatal accidents during
the first half of the year were
VIOLATING A TRAFFIC LAW
at the time of impact. Speed too
fast for driving conditions at
the time accounted for 28 per
cent of the violations.
"Another 16 per cent died be
cause their cars were ON THE
WRONG SIDE OF THE HIGH.
WAY. Eleven per cent died be
cause tne driver was driving in
a negligent manner.".
T ET'S put it this way:
" RECKLESS DRIVING is
responsible for TWO-THIRDS of
ail the traffic deaths in Oregon
wis year.
That's a rugged record.
money. The stuff is piling up
around the house and the wife
complains it ruins the color
scheme. We'd quit taking rubles
iu, out me nussians give
ureen oiamps. neutrally yours.
wnat a bombshell! "Good
grief, what if this heresy
spreads?" cried the State De
partment. "What will we do with
our old tanks?" comnlainwl tha
Pentagon. "What a revolting de
velopment," whispered the CIA,
hopefully. "R is," said the Pres-
laent, alter a careful study, "an
maun to our nag.
"So we took steps. First, we
sent a Great White Fleet to
steam ominously along the coast
of landlocked Vhtnnng. Second,
we trained 174 Intercontinpninl
rockets on the little Asian na
tion. And lastly, we dispatched
our Ambassador to the Prince's
Palace, along with 16 divisions
of U. S. military advisers.
Prince Shnouk appeared in the
oorway, dragging a white flag
"I surrender," he said wilh s
sigh.
'Good," said our Ambassa
dor, slutting a million dollar bill
in the Prince s pocket. "Please
accept this token from a grale-
iui ttmencan people. Or else.
And, suppressing a groan, the
rrinee did.
So let's be charitable to Cam
bodia. And, above all, let's back
up our threats of charity with
force. For it the time's come
when we can't count on the
greed of such people, our whole
foreign policy is in bad trouble.
Because as long as we give peo
ple money merely to win our
o a 1 1 1 e against communism,
they've got to take it. Or we
lose.
Of course, I sometimes dream
we might find another reason
for giving people money. Like
maybe simply because we've got
it to spare and they need it des
perately. True, we might still
lose a country here and there.
But we'd feel much better about
The deal for U.S. wheat pre
sumably is one-shot and is for
casn.
Meanwhile. Russian agents
have been on a real buying
spree.
tney want not only western
industrial goods but Western
know-how as well.
The Russians are buying en
tire plants with which to pro
duce fertilizer. They are buy
ing ships from Italy, Sweden
and Japan and pulp mills from
Finland.
From Britain they have or
dered polyethylene plants, two
low temperature gas separa
tion plants and machinery for
a synthetic rubber plant.
witn west Germany, the So
viets have closed deals for con
struction machinery, box cars
ana synthetic fiber plants.
under an agreement w th
Italy, Russia will ship large
THE TWO EUROPES-I
In the past few weeks I have
had a number of Interesting
talks with men on both sides of
the iron curtain. I have been in
Rome, Paris and London, in
Budapest and Warsaw. I was
interested, of course, in East-
West relations and primarily in
better understanding of the
present phase of the cold war.
perhaps I should begin by ad
mitting that like almost all
travelers abroad I found much
to confirm what I had thought
before I started. In my case, it
was that while the conflict be
tween East and West will not be
settled in our time, there has re
cently been, nevertheless, a
new turn in human affairs
which is changing radically the
conditions of that conflict.
The turn has been brought
about, in the main, by the fact
that the advent of the new gen
eration coincides with the gen
eral revulsion against thermo
nuclear war; the turn coincides,
also, with a wide recognition
that not only for the advanced
economies, but for the under
developed ones as well, tradi
tional Marxism, traditional con
servatism and traditional pro
gressivism are all out-of-date.
They are no longer adequate to
point the way or sufficienUy
relevant to explain what Is hap
pening. As a result, 1 may say in
passing, much American politi
cal talk seems curiously by
passed, indeed provincial, when
it is read in Europe today. And
therefore, while Europeans still
pay close attention to what the
United States government does
witn its enormous power, they
are no longer closely interested
in our advice and our "leader
ship." EARLY in my trip I asked a
leading Catholic thinker,
who is in Rome for the Vatican
Council, why the Church with
its irreconcilable opposition to
communism was nevertheless
promoting arrangements and
accommodations with the Com
munist governments of Eastern
Europe.
His first answer was that in
its pastoral function the Church
could not cut itself off from the
faithful no matter where they
lived. Then he went on to sav
that the closer the human inter
course with the western world,
the better for the people in the
Communist states. The West, he
said, has every interest in open
ing up trade, cultural exchanges
and travel. They let light and
air into the closed societies.
I then asked, but are you not
concerned that, vice versa, as
western influence increases with
contact so will the influence of
communism increase in contact
with the masses of the people in
the West?
"That is a risk," he said.
"The answer to it is that the
West will become less vulner
able insofar as it learns to
strengthen Its own beliefs by re
newal, reform and moderniza
tion. There is," he said, "no
alternative to this. If the West
does not make the effort, its
order will break down regard
less of Communist influence."
Here he was speaking, I think,
the sovereign truth which is at
the heart of things.
LATER, after I had been to
Budapest, where I saw Ka
dar and others, and to Warsaw,
where I saw Gomulka and oth
ers, I went on to Paris. There
1 talked over what I had seen
with some of the wise men.
A French friend, whom I
have known many years, was
interested, but not surprised,
when I told him that in Poland
the official attitude, though for
mally pro-Soviet, was verv ten-
der about China. According to
Mr. Gomulka, the Soviet diffi
culties with China are due en
tirely to the United States,
which, by isolating and boycot
ting cnina, nas driven the Chi
nese to nuclear weapons.
When my wife asked why the
Soviet Union didn't supply the
weapons to China, Mr. Gomulka
amounts of oil in exchange for
machinery, chemical equipment
and other goods.
The Russians have said they
could order more than billion
dollars worth of complex ma
chinery from the United States,
assuming the wheat deal goes
smoothly.
Germany is extending Its sys
tem of economic missions
throughout the Soviet bloc in
the interests of expanding trade
but agrees with the United
States on the need for limit
ed credit. France also is in
general agreement and es
pecially Is not interested in So
viet barter schemes.
The argument for expanded
trade is that it will strengthen
diplomatic ties and weaken
Communist revolutionary zeal.
The argument against it is that
in Soviet hands trade is as
much a weapon as a rocket.
Today and
Tomorrow
By Walter. Lippmann .
(CI 1963 The Waihington Pert
replied that the Soviet Union
was too much attached to peace
to disseminate nuclear bombs!
The United States, he insisted
dogmatically, nad produced the
rift between Peking and Mos
cow which did nobody any good
except the enemies of commu
nism, and particularly the Unit
ed States.
What I made out of this weird
hodgepodge was that Poland
was attempting to mediate in
the quarrel, and that among
other things the Poles want to
preserve the influence of China,
not only for Communist reas
ons, but for Polish reasons. For
Mr. Gomulka himself is both a
hard-shelled Communist and a
passionate Pole: as such, he is
forced to rely on Russia against
Germany. Indeed, he professes
to be certain that the United
States has already begun giving
nuclear weapons to West Ger
many. He is forced at the same
time to rely on China against
the overwhelming weight of
Russia.
'"THE Frenchman agreed and
1 then went on to say that the
current Marxist leaders are
confused in their thinking and
have indeed lost their way.
They revert easily to the older
patterns of European power
politics. The reason they have
lost their way is that the
Marxist ideology is glaringly
unsuited to the nuclear age.
Until the Russians had really
learned about nuclear weapons
by making them and testing
them, they had continued to be
lieve, as Stalin believed, in the
orthodox Marxist view of war:
there can be no war between
Communist states; wars always
begin in the rivalry of capitalist
states; the class struggle in
capitalist states causes war
which will destroy capitalism
and will usher in the triumph of
communism.
But in the 1950s Khrushchev
and his colleagues came to rea
lize that in a nuclear war both
sides would be irreparably in
jured, that there would be no
real victors and that therefore
in a third world war there
would be no Stalins to occupy
the ruins of a Hitler empire. So,
nuclear war had to be avoided.
Peace, or at least non-war, had
become necessary and unavoid
able, and in this realization the
old foundations of Marxism.
THE effect 'of the'nuclear situ
ation has been to begin dis
solving the cement which holds
together the Communist bloc.
This does not mean that Poland,
Hungary and the others are
about to jump the fence. There
are no signs of that. But it does
mean that the power of Mos
cow over the satellites is de
clining, because the discipline
of war hot or cold is wearing
off. Because almost everyone
thinks that we are no longer on
the brink of nuclear war, the
authority of the big nuclear
powers to coerce their allies
has greatly diminished. Eastern
Europe no longer feels entirely
dependent on Moscow as West
ern Europe no longer feels en
tirely dependent on Washington.
For this reason, the govern
ments of Poland and Hungary,
and I should think of the other
eastern states as well, feel less
constrained to take orders from
the imperial center in Moscow.
But at the same time, because
they are less dependent on
Moscow, they cannot use Mos
cow as an alibi for their own
failures. They must pay for
their own mistakes.
They have, therefore, to win
the support of their own people.
That they are trying to do this
Is evident in their economic pol
icy, where capital investment
no longer has that ruthless pri
ority over private consumption
which it had in Stalin's day. It
appears also in the relations of
eastern Communist govern
ments with the Church. For
they dare not offend too much
the mass ot the people.
Thus the discipline of th rnlrl
war, the tension caused by the
ear oi war, is relaxed, relaxed
in every village, and the Com-
munist governments are aware
of it.
it. We really would.
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