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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 10, 1963)
g g THURSDAY. OCTOBER 10. 1963 ' MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON . . Adenauer Hands Erhard Germany With Almost Permanent Boom By WELLINGTON LONG United Pre si International BONN (UPI) The West German nation Ludwig Erhard inherits when 87-year-old Kon rad Adenauer retires as Chan cellor Oct. 15 is a surging force whose energies have been har hpsspH to the Free World. Adenauer made sure of that during the 14 years he led the nation as it shook off the rubble and numbness of total defeat in World War II to climb back to a leading place among t n e world Dowers. Erhard was one of the motors nf the force he now wm com mand at least until the 1965 plpptinn. But it was Adenauer the incredible "old man" who shaped the nation's political profile. . It was Adenauer who insisted from the beginning that the new Germany be locked into a united Europe, bound to Washington. It was Adenauer who refused to chase after the pot of gold the Communists insisted awaited a reunited, but neutral Germany, shorn of links with the West. Open Tariff Door Erhard, as Adenauer's eco nomics minister, complemented the chancellor perfectly. He abandoned socialist and nation al socialist ideas of a strictly controlled economy, turned his back on old style capitalist ideas of protective cartels and threw open the tariff doors to let in the winds of free trade. As its pre-war best, Germany was the world's third largest trading nation. Under Erhard's tutelage, West Germany has supplanted Britain as the sec ond largest trading nation with 10.9 per cent of the world's exports and 9.5 per cent of its imports in 1962. The election campaign pos ters of the Christian Democratic Union always portrayed Ade nauer front and center, with Er hard slightly behind him and to one side. That mirrors the actual situ ation of the 14 years of Ade nauer's stewardship. When Adenauer formed the first government of the federal republic in September, 1949, West Germany was only just stirring. The Ruhr coal mines and steel plants operated un der a strict foreign control, Al lied dismantling of industrial plants and breaking up of large companies was continuing, and there were 1.3 million unem ployed the figure increased to two million during Ade nauer's first winter as chancel lor. He Knew Potential But Adenauer knew Ger many's potential was merely ly ing dormant. He slowly, stub bornly negotiated freedom from the Allies, whom he knew were to need Germany soon. All the while, he insisted German free dom and sovereignty be re stored within a European framework. Alone, he argued, Germany would be overwhelm ed by the force of Communism. In 1952, the bitter fight over whether West Germany should rearm came to a head, and Adenauer won it. The opposition Social Democrats argued and still do that the Soviet Union might have been willing to pay quite a price to prevent West German rearmament. But Ade nauer made no attempt to bar gain with Moscow. He refused to bargain with the Russians until he had cemented West Germany into the western com munity. In the meantime, the economy survived tremendous buffeting, the AllieJ gradually released their hold on industry and ended dismantling. The Korean War created a boom just when the Germans needed one. Millions of refugees from former Ger man territories and other parts of Eastern Europe had poured into the republic. They provid ed the manpower needed in the export drive, and created an endlessly growing domestic market. Sustained Boom The Germany Adenauer now hands over to Erhard seems al most in a permanent boom condition. Labor is scarce 21 million are employed, and even though more than 700,000 or about four per cent of the total labor force are foreigners, there remain a half million unfilled positions. Since the 1961 evaluation of the mark, which raised the price of German goods on world markets by about five per cent and slowed the flow of dollars from the United States into the German Central bank, the trade surplus was run at a tide 2.4 billion marks ($600 million) an nually. West Germany is a member of NATO, and next to the United States its largest contributor to European defense. Erhard in herits a still growing armed force which already has 11 army divisions, 17 air force squadrons and 190 naval ships in service. But this is no state within the state, and its members wear civvies off duty. Adenauer has sealed a pact with Germany's old enemy France, his life - long dream, and exchanged kisses of broth erhood with President Charles De Gaulle. But as so often with brothers, the relationship is studded with disagree m e n t. Washington wants Germany to be its instrument of policy in Europe, and force De Gaulle to go along. Adenauer has refused to be drawn into a position in which he would have to make a choice between France and the United States. Erhard may not tend the alliance with France so care fully. He is more interested in preventing the Common Market from, becoming protectionist and self - sufficient, and in using Germany's power to support Washington in next y e a r's "Kennedy Round" of trade talks. But there are other Ger many's. East Germany is refer red to by people here as "the Soviet zone" or simply, "the zone." On the ground, it is sepa rated from West Germany by a mined death strip ribboned with barbed wire and guarded by machine gunners. None of the 17 million Germans who live east of that border can legally cross it. It is more dif ficult for a West German to visit East Germany than it is for him to go anywhere else in Western Europe. The Communist regime of goateed Walter Ulbricht he fancies he looks like Lenin will remain in power there for just as long as the Soviet Union wants it so and keeps its 22 army divisions there to make sure. Shun Polotici East Germans, except for the relative handful committed to the Communist party, refuse to participate in politics. Very few East Germans even read a newspaper, although most can listen to West German radio and television. Through radio and television, Erhard will have to carry on a dialogue with the East Ger mans. Even the opposition So cial Democrats admit Adenauer and his tough policies were ex tremely popular among the East Germans, who hoped the West might some day thus force a widening of the Berlin escape hatch and other easements. Erhard will have to deal with a new situation. Sine the Berlin wall went up, a certain sense of hopelessness seems to have set tled on the East Germans. As they come out of it, most appar ently decide to make the best they can of a bad deal. If the only politics there are within the Communist frame work, they decide, then they might as well participate in or der to do what they can to im prove their lot. In this situation, Erhard may find continuing complete refusal to deal with Ulbricht less popular than dur ing Adenauer's day. Kennedy Favored Another Germany is that of West Berlin, isolated deep in side the Soviet zone, its exis tence dependent on an Ameri can military guarantee. West Berlin's 2.2 million residents know thier fate depends more on Washington than on Bonn, and President Kennedy received a far more rapturous welcome there than ever accorded Ade nauer. As Erhard comes to power at the end of the Adenauer era, he faces several matters of ur gency: The tug-of-war within the Western camp between Wash ington and Paris, with each wooing Germany to spurn the other. The coming round of Inter national trade talks, and the shaping of the Common Market. For the first time, Erhard will have to square off with the coun try's farmers. The decision over the exact role Germany is to play in the developing countries of South America, Asia and Africa. The role that will be assign ed to Germany if and when the United States and Russia reach agreements for military relax ation. The dangers Erhard sees are that agreement will be based on a permanent division of Germany or, alternatively, will in some fashion allow the Soviet Union to influence the source of events in West Ger many through some form of in ternational control. Election Looms In addition, he must prepare for the 1965 election, to be fought against Socialist Willy Brandt, the West Berlin Lord Mayor who has already revital ized his party and for the first time sees a chance of getting a plurality. Through it all, Erhard will be sustained by his faith, which he once outlined this way: "Just as I could not pre calculate the transition from the state - controlled economy to the social - market economy, or predict what would happen in all its stages, and yet was immovably convinced of the propriety of this path, so too I have confidence that freedom, the strongest human torce and as its highest value, conquer and triumph." will ADDED TO LIST Thomas Asbury Hudder, alleged slayer of a Maryland police officer, has been added to the FBI's list of "Ten Most Wanted Fugitives." Described by medical authorities as an exceedingly severe menace to society, Hadder escaped from a hospital where he was undergoing psychiatric examination while awaiting trial on the murder charge. He is shown in a 1963 photo, left, and same photo retouched by FBI showing current probable disguise. (UPI) Coating Protects Douglas Fir Seeds CORVALLIS - Douglass fir seeds can be protected from mice with a 2 per cent coating of a commercial chemical, En drn, and this may make It possible for wide areas of Ore- eon to oe reforested economic ally by direct seeding, according to Hugft Black and Edward Hooven, mammalogists at t h e Oregon State university Forest Research Laboratory. Seed protection from rodents and birds is necessary in direct seeding. Douglass fir seeds coat ed with aluminum powder repel birds, but a concentration of one-half per cent active Endrin in the coating has led to only limited success in protection against mice. In tests from January to May this year, seeds were coated with various adhesives and con centrations of Endrin, a chlor inated hydrocarbon frequently used as an insecticide, and test ed with deer mice. Mice Are Repelled The 1963 study showed that all treated seeds were eaten freely when first offered, but 1 per cent or more of active En drin in the coating repelled mice that survived after eating treated seed. Lower concentra tions were not lethal to most mice and were slightly lent after the first trial. In the tests, a mouse would be offered daily SO seeds treat ed with 44, 1, 2 or 5 per cent active Endrin. Type of adhesive and degree of weathering were found not so important as con centration of Endrin. Germination was not lessened by increasing the concentration of Endrin to 2 per cent. Tests of germination with concentrations greater than 2 per cent have not yet been conclusive, re searchers reported. The study is continuing with test of pondcrosa pine seed ex posed to chipmunks and golden- mantled ground squirrels. Pos sible effects of the treatment on germination of seeds and growth of seedlings also are being studied. OIL AND FISH PORTLAND, Ore. (UPI) Careful seismic underwater ex plosions in oil exploration arc virtually harmless to fish, the Oregon Fish commission has re ported, but trie commission warned that the oil explorers must use fish scanners and avoid explosions too close to fish schools. LOOKS I.IKE DOLL Nobody can accuse Sarah Quick of being off her rocker. Yes, the girl is real, although she looks like a doll in the huge rocking chair on exhibit in Birmingham, Ala., during a week-long furniture fair. Asked if she thought President Kennedy, a rocking chair fan, would like such a big chair, Sarah got otf a quick pun: "It might be better for the President of the New York Giants." (UPI) II 1 E)M SALE H OllKHSE. EVERYTHING FOR THE HUNTER!! 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