g g THURSDAY. OCTOBER 10. 1963 ' MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON . .
Adenauer Hands Erhard Germany With Almost Permanent Boom
By WELLINGTON LONG
United Pre si International
BONN (UPI) The West
German nation Ludwig Erhard
inherits when 87-year-old Kon
rad Adenauer retires as Chan
cellor Oct. 15 is a surging force
whose energies have been har
hpsspH to the Free World.
Adenauer made sure of that
during the 14 years he led the
nation as it shook off the rubble
and numbness of total defeat in
World War II to climb back to
a leading place among t n e
world Dowers.
Erhard was one of the motors
nf the force he now wm com
mand at least until the 1965
plpptinn.
But it was Adenauer the
incredible "old man" who
shaped the nation's political
profile. .
It was Adenauer who insisted
from the beginning that the new
Germany be locked into a united
Europe, bound to Washington.
It was Adenauer who refused to
chase after the pot of gold the
Communists insisted awaited a
reunited, but neutral Germany,
shorn of links with the West.
Open Tariff Door
Erhard, as Adenauer's eco
nomics minister, complemented
the chancellor perfectly. He
abandoned socialist and nation
al socialist ideas of a strictly
controlled economy, turned his
back on old style capitalist ideas
of protective cartels and threw
open the tariff doors to let in
the winds of free trade.
As its pre-war best, Germany
was the world's third largest
trading nation. Under Erhard's
tutelage, West Germany has
supplanted Britain as the sec
ond largest trading nation
with 10.9 per cent of the world's
exports and 9.5 per cent of its
imports in 1962.
The election campaign pos
ters of the Christian Democratic
Union always portrayed Ade
nauer front and center, with Er
hard slightly behind him and to
one side.
That mirrors the actual situ
ation of the 14 years of Ade
nauer's stewardship.
When Adenauer formed the
first government of the federal
republic in September, 1949,
West Germany was only just
stirring. The Ruhr coal mines
and steel plants operated un
der a strict foreign control, Al
lied dismantling of industrial
plants and breaking up of large
companies was continuing, and
there were 1.3 million unem
ployed the figure increased
to two million during Ade
nauer's first winter as chancel
lor. He Knew Potential
But Adenauer knew Ger
many's potential was merely ly
ing dormant. He slowly, stub
bornly negotiated freedom from
the Allies, whom he knew were
to need Germany soon. All the
while, he insisted German free
dom and sovereignty be re
stored within a European
framework. Alone, he argued,
Germany would be overwhelm
ed by the force of Communism.
In 1952, the bitter fight over
whether West Germany should
rearm came to a head, and
Adenauer won it. The opposition
Social Democrats argued and
still do that the Soviet Union
might have been willing to pay
quite a price to prevent West
German rearmament. But Ade
nauer made no attempt to bar
gain with Moscow. He refused
to bargain with the Russians
until he had cemented West
Germany into the western com
munity. In the meantime, the economy
survived tremendous buffeting,
the AllieJ gradually released
their hold on industry and ended
dismantling. The Korean War
created a boom just when the
Germans needed one. Millions
of refugees from former Ger
man territories and other parts
of Eastern Europe had poured
into the republic. They provid
ed the manpower needed in the
export drive, and created an
endlessly growing domestic
market.
Sustained Boom
The Germany Adenauer now
hands over to Erhard seems al
most in a permanent boom
condition. Labor is scarce 21
million are employed, and even
though more than 700,000 or
about four per cent of the total
labor force are foreigners, there
remain a half million unfilled
positions.
Since the 1961 evaluation of
the mark, which raised the
price of German goods on world
markets by about five per cent
and slowed the flow of dollars
from the United States into the
German Central bank, the trade
surplus was run at a tide 2.4
billion marks ($600 million) an
nually. West Germany is a member
of NATO, and next to the United
States its largest contributor to
European defense. Erhard in
herits a still growing armed
force which already has 11 army
divisions, 17 air force squadrons
and 190 naval ships in service.
But this is no state within the
state, and its members wear
civvies off duty.
Adenauer has sealed a pact
with Germany's old enemy
France, his life - long dream,
and exchanged kisses of broth
erhood with President Charles
De Gaulle. But as so often with
brothers, the relationship is
studded with disagree m e n t.
Washington wants Germany to
be its instrument of policy in
Europe, and force De Gaulle
to go along.
Adenauer has refused to be
drawn into a position in which
he would have to make a choice
between France and the United
States. Erhard may not tend the
alliance with France so care
fully. He is more interested in
preventing the Common Market
from, becoming protectionist
and self - sufficient, and in using
Germany's power to support
Washington in next y e a r's
"Kennedy Round" of trade
talks.
But there are other Ger
many's. East Germany is refer
red to by people here as "the
Soviet zone" or simply, "the
zone."
On the ground, it is sepa
rated from West Germany by
a mined death strip ribboned
with barbed wire and guarded
by machine gunners. None of
the 17 million Germans who
live east of that border can
legally cross it. It is more dif
ficult for a West German to
visit East Germany than it is
for him to go anywhere else in
Western Europe.
The Communist regime of
goateed Walter Ulbricht he
fancies he looks like Lenin
will remain in power there for
just as long as the Soviet Union
wants it so and keeps its 22
army divisions there to make
sure.
Shun Polotici
East Germans, except for the
relative handful committed to
the Communist party, refuse to
participate in politics. Very few
East Germans even read a
newspaper, although most can
listen to West German radio
and television.
Through radio and television,
Erhard will have to carry on a
dialogue with the East Ger
mans. Even the opposition So
cial Democrats admit Adenauer
and his tough policies were ex
tremely popular among the East
Germans, who hoped the West
might some day thus force a
widening of the Berlin escape
hatch and other easements.
Erhard will have to deal with
a new situation. Sine the Berlin
wall went up, a certain sense of
hopelessness seems to have set
tled on the East Germans. As
they come out of it, most appar
ently decide to make the best
they can of a bad deal.
If the only politics there are
within the Communist frame
work, they decide, then they
might as well participate in or
der to do what they can to im
prove their lot. In this situation,
Erhard may find continuing
complete refusal to deal with
Ulbricht less popular than dur
ing Adenauer's day.
Kennedy Favored
Another Germany is that of
West Berlin, isolated deep in
side the Soviet zone, its exis
tence dependent on an Ameri
can military guarantee. West
Berlin's 2.2 million residents
know thier fate depends more
on Washington than on Bonn,
and President Kennedy received
a far more rapturous welcome
there than ever accorded Ade
nauer. As Erhard comes to power at
the end of the Adenauer era, he
faces several matters of ur
gency: The tug-of-war within the
Western camp between Wash
ington and Paris, with each
wooing Germany to spurn the
other.
The coming round of Inter
national trade talks, and the
shaping of the Common Market.
For the first time, Erhard will
have to square off with the coun
try's farmers.
The decision over the exact
role Germany is to play in the
developing countries of South
America, Asia and Africa.
The role that will be assign
ed to Germany if and when the
United States and Russia reach
agreements for military relax
ation. The dangers Erhard sees
are that agreement will be
based on a permanent division
of Germany or, alternatively,
will in some fashion allow the
Soviet Union to influence the
source of events in West Ger
many through some form of in
ternational control.
Election Looms
In addition, he must prepare
for the 1965 election, to be
fought against Socialist Willy
Brandt, the West Berlin Lord
Mayor who has already revital
ized his party and for the first
time sees a chance of getting a
plurality.
Through it all, Erhard will be
sustained by his faith, which he
once outlined this way:
"Just as I could not pre
calculate the transition from
the state - controlled economy
to the social - market economy,
or predict what would happen
in all its stages, and yet was
immovably convinced of the
propriety of this path, so too I
have confidence that freedom,
the strongest human torce
and as its highest value,
conquer and triumph."
will
ADDED TO LIST Thomas Asbury Hudder, alleged slayer of a
Maryland police officer, has been added to the FBI's list of "Ten
Most Wanted Fugitives." Described by medical authorities as an
exceedingly severe menace to society, Hadder escaped from a
hospital where he was undergoing psychiatric examination while
awaiting trial on the murder charge. He is shown in a 1963 photo,
left, and same photo retouched by FBI showing current probable
disguise. (UPI)
Coating Protects
Douglas Fir Seeds
CORVALLIS - Douglass fir
seeds can be protected from
mice with a 2 per cent coating
of a commercial chemical, En
drn, and this may make It
possible for wide areas of Ore-
eon to oe reforested economic
ally by direct seeding, according
to Hugft Black and Edward
Hooven, mammalogists at t h e
Oregon State university Forest
Research Laboratory.
Seed protection from rodents
and birds is necessary in direct
seeding. Douglass fir seeds coat
ed with aluminum powder repel
birds, but a concentration of
one-half per cent active Endrin
in the coating has led to only
limited success in protection
against mice.
In tests from January to May
this year, seeds were coated
with various adhesives and con
centrations of Endrin, a chlor
inated hydrocarbon frequently
used as an insecticide, and test
ed with deer mice.
Mice Are Repelled
The 1963 study showed that
all treated seeds were eaten
freely when first offered, but 1
per cent or more of active En
drin in the coating repelled
mice that survived after eating
treated seed. Lower concentra
tions were not lethal to most
mice and were slightly
lent after the first trial.
In the tests, a mouse would
be offered daily SO seeds treat
ed with 44, 1, 2 or 5 per cent
active Endrin. Type of adhesive
and degree of weathering were
found not so important as con
centration of Endrin.
Germination was not lessened
by increasing the concentration
of Endrin to 2 per cent. Tests of
germination with concentrations
greater than 2 per cent have
not yet been conclusive, re
searchers reported.
The study is continuing with
test of pondcrosa pine seed ex
posed to chipmunks and golden-
mantled ground squirrels. Pos
sible effects of the treatment on
germination of seeds and growth
of seedlings also are being
studied.
OIL AND FISH
PORTLAND, Ore. (UPI)
Careful seismic underwater ex
plosions in oil exploration arc
virtually harmless to fish, the
Oregon Fish commission has re
ported, but trie commission
warned that the oil explorers
must use fish scanners and
avoid explosions too close to fish
schools.
LOOKS I.IKE DOLL Nobody can accuse Sarah Quick of being off
her rocker. Yes, the girl is real, although she looks like a doll in
the huge rocking chair on exhibit in Birmingham, Ala., during a
week-long furniture fair. Asked if she thought President Kennedy,
a rocking chair fan, would like such a big chair, Sarah got otf
a quick pun: "It might be better for the President of the New
York Giants." (UPI)
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