Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 7, 1963)
8 6 MONDAY. OCTOBER 1, 1963 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON THIS CIVIL WAR Lincoln's Command Problems By MERTON T. AKERS UPI Correspondent The question before President Lincoln in early October 1863 was: How can a President and commander-in-chief of the na tion's armed forces compel his generals to fight? And secondarily, If the gen erals did fight, as happened on occasion, how could he force them to keep on fighting until the Union, with its superior manpower and industrial might, won the Civil War? The question was not new. It had plagued Lincoln since Fort Sumter, especially in the east ern war theater. He could call the role of many failures and few victories McDowell's re luctance to fight the first battle of Bull Run (Manassas : Mc Clellan's tardiness in launching the '62 Pensicola campaign; his failure to follow up the battle of Antietam (Miarpsburfi); Burn' side's rashness at Fredericks' burs; Hooker's inepitude at Chancellorsville; Meade's slow. ness in pursuit of Lee after Gettysburg. .... Remedies Ineffective The problem had become chronic. Lincoln's homemade remedies were ineffective. Some of his remedies had been no better than expedient, some seemingly almost casual. More often than not, Lincoln's choice between generals to head the big eastern Army of the Poto mac was between bad and worse, not between good and better. Now in this October of 1863 his problem of leadership was doubled. Not one general was in trouble, but two. Maj. Gen. George G. Meade had followed the army of Gen. Robert E. .Lee back into Vir ginia after the battle of Gettys burg but had not come to grips with it by October. Lincoln became . impatient in mid-September and wrote to Army Commander Henry W. Halleck that Meade should be moving on Lee. In due time Meade replied that "I can get a battle out of Lee under very disadvantageous circumstances . . . which is not likely to result in any very de cided advantage, even In case I should be victorious. In this view I am reluctant to run the risks without the positive sanc tion of the government." Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton sent the dispatch to Lincoln "for reflection over night." The President then analyzed the whole subject of the Army of the Potomac and Meade in a letter to Halleck. ". . . For a battle, then, Gen eral Meade has three men to General Lee's two. Vet it having been determined that choosing ground and standing on the de fensive gives so great an advan tage that the three cannot safely attack the two, the three are left simply standing on the defensive also. "If he enemy's 60,000 are sufficient to keep our 90,000 away from Richmond, why, by the same rule, may not 40,000 of ours keep their 60,000 away from Washington, leaving us 50,000 to put to some other uses: ... Same Old Story Secretary of Navy Gideon Welles, talking to Lincoln about (his time, quoted him as saying that Meade was not doing any thing and did not want to do anything. "It is the same old story of this Army of the Potomac," Welles quoted Lincoln, "Imbe. cility, inefficienccy don't want to do . . . "Oh, it is terrible, (erribel (ills weakness, (his indifference of our Potomac generals, with such armies of good and brave men." A little later Meade was in Washington and reported to his wife that he was courteously received. He offered to quit as army commander if cither Lin coln or Halleck wished. Halleck told him, Meade con tinued, "there is no such good luck for me ..." But Halleck and Lincoln urged that "I should try and do something." Finally on Oct. 16, Lincoln wrote to Halleck and made an offer to Meade that he never had made to a general before. 'If General Meade now can attack him (Lee) on a field no worse than equal for us, and will do so with all the skill and courage which he, his officers, and men possess, the honor will be his if he succeeds, and the blame mine if he fails." Welles noted In his diary the same day that "this is taking Meade beyond his ability." The letter reached the press and anti-administration news papers raised a storm. Lincoln was prodding generals to use less slaughter, the editorial ran. But Lincoln might as well have saved the wear and tear on his pen. Meade fought nothing bigger than a small-sized en gagement before time for the army to go into winter quarters. Lincoln's other command problem was in the West. Be tween the mountains and the Mississppi River he had four armies, all independent and all occupied with their own prob lems. Coordination, when there was any, was through Washing ton. Largest Army Penned The largest army, under Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, was penned in Chattanooga, Tcnn., after losing the battle of Chick amauga. It had been reinforced with two corps from the Army of the Potomac and seemed safe for (he time being but it was not showing many signs of fighting. Other reinforcements were on the way from the Army of the Tennessee commanded by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside had an army at Knoxvillc, Tenn., and Maj. Gen. N. P. Banks one on the lower Miss issippi. Time and Lincoln's patience were running out on Rosecrans. Stanton wanted him removed. Lincoln was deliberating the question, meanwhile writing notes to Rosecrans, urging him to hold on, to slab at the Con federates and to live off the land. But Rosecrans was having supply troubles. Confederate cavalry had raided his lines and on Oct. 2, he ordered the army on two-third rations. Forage for horses and mules was scarce and he ordered the country combed for unravaged corn fields. Then rations were re duced to half and not many of them existed. Despite his immediate prob lems Rosecrans found time to write to Lincoln on Oct. 3: "If we maintain (he position in such strength that the enemy are obliged to abandon their position, and the elections in the great states go favorably, would it not be well to olfcr a general amnesty to all officers V o OLD QUESTION The question before President Lincoln in early October, 1863, was how to make his generals fight. And, if they did fight, how could he keep them fighting until the North, with its superior manpower and industrial strength, could win the war. It was not a new qeustion; it had plagued Lincoln since Fort Sumter. Lincoln had double general trouble. Maj. Gen. George C. Meade, left, had, after the Battle of Gettysburg, followed the army of Gen. Robert E. Lee back into Virginia but it was now October and he had not come to grips with the Confederate force. Lincoln became impatient and did everything he could to get Meade moving. Lincoln also had trouble in the west. The largest Union army, under Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans, was penned in at Chattanooga after losing the battle of Chickamauga. It had been reinforced but showed no signs of life. Lincoln knew that he had to act on Rosecrans, probably replace him. (UPI) and soldiers in (he rebellion? It would give us moral strength and weaken them very much." Lincoln replied to this advice about how to run the govern ment by saying, "I intend doing something like what you sug gest whenever the cast shall appear ripe enough . . ." Election Campaign There was a red hot election campaign in progress in Ohio at the time. Clement L. Vallandig ham, the Peace Democrat Lin coln had banished to the South, was running in absentia for governor against John Brough, a War Democrat campaigning on a Union ticket. Rosecrans was helping Brough as much as possible by encouraging officers and men in his Army to vote for him. Vallandigham's f o 1 1 o w e rs promised to muster 50,000 "fully armed and equipped free men" lo escort their candidate from Windsor, Ont., if he were elec ted. Brough said if Vallandig ham was victorious civil war would break out in Ohio. On Oct. 9, Brough won handily with a margin of 101,000 votes. A few days later Republican Andrew Curtin was reelected governor of Pennsylvania by 41,000. Welles reported Lincoln was much relieved by the results. Now the side issues appeared to be all settled and Lincoln was about lo act on Rosecrans. Taylor May Go lo Pakistan for Talks WASHINGTON (UPI) Pres ident Kennedy is considering sending Gen. Maxwell D. Tay lor, chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, to Pakistan next month in further efforts lo patch up strained U. S. relations with that country, officials said Saturday. Taylor relumed last week from a trouble-shooting mission to Viet Nam. U. S. relations with Pakistan have been de teriorating as a result of a se ries of trade and border agree ments it made with Red China, apparently in annoyance over American aid to India. Taylor is scheduled to attend a meeting in Ankara, Turkey, Nov. 5-6 of the military commit tee of the Central Treaty Organ ization (CENTO), of which Pak istan is a member. Officials said it has been suggested Taylor go on to Pakistan from there. COMMITTED SUICIDE LA ROCHELLE, France (UPI Claude Auditeau, 28, commit ted suicide Sunday by shooting himself minutes after he acci dentally shot and killed Michel Cointard, 14, while (he (wo hunt ed pheasants, police said today. Many Barriers Of Segregation Dropped By AL KUETTNER UPI Correspondent Negroes called it their "sum mer of discontent" but the fact is that many segregation bar riers were dropped almost with out fanfare during (he past three months. It was only three years ago that violence swept the Univer sity of Georgia when its first two Negroes were admitted. To day, 35 Negroes attend units of the state's university system in cluding 15 at Georgia and two at Valdosta State college which is in a strong segregation area. There was no fuss about any of them. According to the Southern Ed ucation Reporting Service, 130 of the 150 school districts which desegregated for the first time this fall did so voluntarily. 1 Here are some other cracks that have appeared in the wall of segregation since July 1: The Brotherhood of Locomo tive Firemen and Enginemen ; voted to remove all racial mem- j bcrship restrictions. i Chattanooga, Tenn., desegre-! gated most leading restaurants. The Muscogee County (Colum-. bus) Ga., and Brunswick, Ga., ' school boards voted to desegre-j gate schools voluntarily. j Norfolk, Va., announced through a biracial commission i that motels and hotels would J desegregate. j At Gary, Ind., Methodist hos pital ended discrimination in all areas of hospital life. Rural desegregation came lo Tennesse with admission of five Negroes to Livingston Academy without trouble. Jackson, Miss., placed five Negro officers on the police force. In Baton Rouge, La., barriers were dropped at lunch count ers and at 12 retail stores. Sumter, S. C, desegregated a theater, the first move in t h a t town. In Peoria, 111., banks agreed to hire 20 Negroes in non-custodial jobs. At Selma, Ala., four Negro women were admitted to t h e previously all-white First Pres byterian church. Some Still Dissatisfied If the segregation walls are tumbling so quietly, why are some Negro leaders still dissat isfied? Leaders like Dr. Martin Lu ther King Jr., and the Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth argue that most of the victories so far are token concessions. Their cry is "free dom now," meaning wholesale integration. That kind of argument ap peals to some large groups of Negroes. It is the rally cry that turns out thousands in such places as Birmingham. Against some strong advice from his own people, King is moving toward the launching of another major street demonstra tion in the Alabama city. He and Shuttlesworth claim there has been too little effort to re solve racial discord since the demonstrations of last May. A bi-racial committee in Bir mingham, which has been strug gling toward a start at deseg regation amidst the shock of dynamitings and killings, views the planned resumption of King's campaign much like the act of driving a herd of horses over a field of grass that hai just sprouted in the spring. Phon. 772-4S34 Learn how this midwest clinic became famous by providing ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM RELIEF WITHOUT DRUGS OR SURGERY Five Gresham Boys Charged in Killing PORTLAND (UPI) - Five Gresham youths, aged 16 and 17, have been arraigned in Mult nomah County Circuit court on charges of consp:-ing to com mit a felony. The charges were in connec tion with the fatal beating of an elderly Japanese recluse, Bcnzo Oye, in his cabin near Gresham June 1. When the now famous Ball Clinic was established nearly 50 years ago, its founder didn't dream that it would grow into the large health service that it is today. Over 70,000 patients have been treated successfully in the field of Chronic Arthritis, neuritis, sciatica and other rheumatic conditions. No Pills, No "Wonder" Compounds, No "Cure-All" Formula or Surgery The staff of doctors at Ball Clinic quickly get at thi causes ralher than treat symptoms. They concentrate on normalizing the body chemistry, adjusting imbalances and permanently stabiliz ing systemic functions. Of course, a corrective program also is carried out to afford sympto matic relief through treatments while they, so far as possible, repair the damage that has been done to the human body. Many Have Endured Crippling Pain Too Long A careful case history check is made of each person before acceptance by the Ball Clinic. The years of experience in treating arthritis and rheumatism exclusively lends to a quick evalu ation, if and to what extent the patient can ex pect to be relieved by treatment. As a result, 96 of patients treated, over the years, are enthusiastic about the relief obtained. Further proof of satisfactory results is indicated by the fact that every year one fourth of Ball Clinic patients are friends and relatives who have been referred to ihem by former patients throughout the United States and Canada. Valuable Book Sent On Request A 36 page book of valuable information about the Ball Clinic and its work. It covers types as well as primary and secondary causes of arth ritis and rheumatism. It also tells of prevalent and chronic ailments associated with arthritis and rheumatism. Included as well are complete facts about Ball Clinic and the surprisingly low cost. The book is free there is no obligation. See coupon. Without obligation, please send me a free copy of your book: "Arthritis-Rheumatism." 1 Add. jss i Ball Clinic, Dept. 2609-C, Excelsior Springs, Missouri Gentlemen: Name City.. .Zone.. ..State.. II SLICED BACON II Hormel'-lB. S7 NlS IMS AM E INSTANT. COF LUNCHEON M USD A Choice -Lean Chock Steak lb. Round Bone Steak 59c Nu-Mar 1-lb.Pkg. 13 !m3 Fresh GROUND BEEF 3 & S 9' 1 H I If 1 RfR Vr u i inn nT irr j HHFBY Nor Fresh Daily . . . FRESH HOURLY! BAKERY FRESH . JELLY DONUTS ; ..... 49c FRESH FROZEN BERRIES BLUEBERRY PIE ... 49c TRY IT TOASTED DATE NUT BREAD ...,.., 29c DELICIOUS PINK CHAMPAGNE CAKE $1.19 M.J.B. 6-oz. Jar ONLY La Corona 12-oz. Tin BIG Y FROZEN FOODS TomoleS Chif'i Turkey, B.af, Chicktn, Ch.ei. 3 12-az. pkg. Lemonade tip top 8 6-oz. $1 White Bread Bridged, 3 !b. i0.f 49 SUPPORT THE UNITED MEDFORD CRUSADE ALPINE PEACH COLOR Co DTOftS 2 pkgs. for ARTICHOKES Z. ... 10c YAMS Porto Riean lb. 9c CABBAGE Frtih 2 hradi 29c GRAPES c.,d .b 10c DATES Sun Girl 1 ' j -lb. pkj. 59c CINCH White, Chocolate, Yellow CAKE MIX Large Pkg. LOCKER WRAP $1.39 CARNATION CREAMERY BUTTER ,.fc.h(ki 59c SLICED PINEAPPLE 39c HABITANT CANADIAN PEA SOUP to., , 10c Pork & Beans V.n Camp'i-No. 2 Tin 2 for 45c MARKET HAWAIIAN PINEAPPLE JUICE McCLEODS GOLDEN MONEY OCEAN GLEN LIGHT MEAT CHUNK TUNA OVEN-FRESH OPEN EVERY DAY 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. We Give and Redeem SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS 11 ,.,$1.00 $1.19 4,.,89c f shopping i trHwrf I,., a... ii. . it. i.m SODA CRACKERS . 49c . Box.. NALLEY'S CORNED BEEF HASH 45c -wfiaiUi 303 Tin.. i 0 (
