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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 12, 1963)
i g MONDAY. AUGUST 12. 1963 MEDFOJ.D MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON : SOMETHING HAD TO BE DONE By the ; middle of August, 1863, Jefferson Davis faced up to the fact that something had to ; be done quickly for the Confederate war effort. He had been engrossed with Lee's invasion of the north and the plight of Vicksburg. But now Gen. Braxton Bragg's Confederate Army of Tennessee and the key city of Chattanooga were threatened. On Aug. 16 Union MaJ. Gen. William S. Rosen- crans began to close in on the city. Bragg realized the danger and called for more troops. Men were sent from Gen. Joseph E. Johnson's army and Gen. R. E. Lee detached General Longstreet's corps from the Army of the Potomac. The battle of Chlckamauga was in the making. This drawing depicts the town of Chattanooga with the bridges leadr ing to it. (UPI) .:'jvr WTTTrS SjfcS WAS THE CIVIL WAR Federals Move on Chattanooga By MERTON T. AKERS UPI correspondent I By the middle of August 1863 President Jefferson pavls faced up to the fact that something must be done for 'the Confederate war effort in lhe West and soon. '' He had been engrossed with 'Ien. Robert E. Lee's invasion 'of the North and with the plight of Vicksburg, Miss., the South's last defense post on the Mississippi river. Now both had been lost and Gen. praxton Bragg's Confederate Army of Tennessee ' was .threatened along with the key illy of Chattanooga, Tenn. f The Confederate President faced not , only a military crisis but a political one as Well. Politicians In the Con federate Congress were snip ing at him along with the southern governors and Just Jplnln citizens. Two bad de feats in the same week gave Davis' political opponents always vocal a chance to increase the sniping. a Davis had three armies in the West between the Missis sippi river and the eastern mountains. One under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston had lingered on the fringes of the Vicksburg fight without being able to do any thing to relieve the city. Now it had retreated east, aban doning Jackson, Miss., the state capital, to the Federals for the second time that sum mer. Johnston had about 22,000 men. An army of about 6,000 men under MaJ. Gen. Simon Buckner, who had surrend ered Fort Donelson to MaJ. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant some months e a r 1 1 e r, occupied Knoxville in eastern Ten nessee. Other smaller forces guarded the mountain passes in the area.- Bragg's Army of Tennessee, the largest of the three, had been maneuvered out of the state by Union Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans and lay south and east of Chattan ooga. Bragg mustered about 50,000, Rosecrans several thousand more. ' Neither Bragg nor John ston seemed to know what to do and each appeared incap able of communicating their ideas to each other. About the middle of July, Bragg suggested to Johnston, who was in overall command in the West, that, they com bine their forces and strike at General Grant's army in west ern Mississippi. "Too late," Johnson re plied, "such a combination might have been advantag eous before or during the siege of Vicksburg, but not after its disastrous termina tion." By Aug, 1, Gen. Samuel Cooper, Confederate adjutant and inspector general, sug gested to Bragg from Rich mond that "if we can spare most of Johnston's army tem porarily and reinforce you, can yon attack the enemy?" Second Thought . First Bragg thought he could. But then he had a sec ond thought. Even if he had Johnston's army and 1 Buck ner's, too, he thought "It would be unsafe to seek the enemy." Bragg was an experienced soldier and a close friend of the Confederate President. They had fought together in the Mexican War and Davis had the utmost confidence in him. But Bragg lacked the extra something which successful generals have. His men dis liked him, often to the point of hatred. His subordinates' were critical of him and even tually demanded that he be relieved. Lt. Gen. D. H. Hill who came to the Army of Tennes see about this time from Richmond, described Bragg as "silent, reserved, gloomy and despondent." Selected for Corps Hill was sent to Bragg's army to replace MaJ. Gen. William J. Hardee who had gone to another command. Hill looked forward to the as signment because he had been one of Bragg's lieutenants in the Mexican War. The others were John F. Reynolds, a Union general killed at Get tysburg, and George H. Thom as, now a corps commander In the Union army facing Bragg. Davis personally selected Hill for Hardee's corps. Years later Hill wrote: "I was seated in the yard of a house in the suburbs of Richmond . . . when President Davis, dressed in a plain suit of gray and attended by a small escort in brilliant uni form, galloped up and said: " 'Rosecrans is about to ad vance on Bragg; I have found it necessary to detail Hardee to defend Mississippi and Al abama, His corps is without a commander. I wish you to command it. " 'I cannot do that,' I re Dlled. 'as (MaJ.) Gen. (Alex' ander P.) Stewart (a division commander in the corps) out ranks me.' ' 'I can cure that, answered Mr. Davis, 'by making you a lientenant general. Your pa pers will be ready tomor row. Hill noted that Davis cheerfulness was a mystery to me. Within a fortnight the Pennsylvania campaign had proved abortive. Vicksburg and Port Hudson had fallen . the end of our glorious IVE WILL PAY YOU TO WIDE A ID Q ttilil VOUll HOME PROPERLY I CalOr0 Eftcfriedl League hooting ana wiring contractors can again pay you to inttotl modern wiring and clean electric heat in your home, new or old! ADEQUATE II0USEP017ER . ... .. MODERN HEAT Modern fectric appliances and cleen electric hml make lift easier and mar ' pleasant for thousands of families in our ansa. Yat many homos avon now onos an not properly wired to take tha demands of modern electric livinf. To further encourage installation of modern wiring systems, to meet your ' demands now ond in the future, we are authoriied to allow home owners and home builders a for the installation of a 200-ampere service entrance panel, with circuits to provide for electric heat, electric range and water heater, and electric washer and dryer. This allowance means that a truly modern service entrance in your home will cost you virtually nothing! 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Through the WIRE-ON -TIME-PLAN sponsored by the COPCO Division, Pacific Power and Light, you can install electric heat in your home without down payment and for as little as $10 per month! far complete details en how to qualify tor this JIM (llowance, call your sririna or heermt contractor. Brooks Electric & Plumbing Co 772-5209 Norpac Supply 773-4645 Beaver Electric & Plumbing Supply 773-4549 Rogue Electric 773-6603 Electronic Service 773-8212 Enloe Electric 535-1535 Trowbridge Electric 772-6241 Feldman and Olson 773-775! Al Thompson Electric 664-1422 Modern Plumbing & Sheet Metal Company!- 773-5368 - Carrier Heat Pumps ffr etl Arm dream could not be far off. But I was as cheerful at that interview as was Mr. Davis himself." Began To Close In Soon after Hill arrived Rosecrans began to close in on Chattanooga from the northwest. , The movement started Aug. 16. The going was rough. Part of his army of about 50,000 men moved as if to cross the Tennessee river north of Chattanooga. The main body moved toward the Tennessee south of the city. The country was rugged and the roads mere country lanes. The territory was barren of supplies. Cavalry guarded both flanks but Rosecrans' army was spread on a front about 50 miles long and hence vulnerable. Bragg's information about Rosecran's move was scanty but even so he seemed un aware of the gathering as sault forces and at first held his army where it was. By August 21 Bragg began to appreciate his dangerous position and appealed to John ston for troops. Johnston sent two divisions about 9,000 men. Meantime from the north Union Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside started his IX Corps from Lexington, Ky., south ward toward Knoxville. Bragg could not afford to reinforce Buckner at Knox ville and ordered him to aban don the city and move south ward to a point about 30 miles north of Chattanooga where his troops could be on hand for the battle which seemed to be shaping. Back in Richmond Bragg's plight caused more action. Davis began to consider de taching Lt. Gen. James Long street's corps from the Army of Northern Virginia to re inforce Bragg. Then, Davis reasoned, Rosecrans could be crushed when the trap was sprung. Lee agreed to the detach ment of Longstreet's corps, al though the reduction of his forces appeared grave for he faced the Army of the Po tomac, half again as big as his. TAUflUS APR. 21 MAY 2t KSW -04-73 AMU y3 MAR. 22 1-48-58-631 68.75-79-89 STAR GAZEKV Br CLAY R. POLLAN" A MMM MAY 22 Pj JUNE 22 lnil-17-55-33 L51-76-81-8a CANCfl JUNE 23 JULY 23 6-18-21-39 42-50-66 HO - JULY 24 t. ,. AUG, 23 Vf)2-34-39-41 Of 13.70-74 IE VttGO AUG. 24 SEPT. 22 3-7-26-33 37-47-71 JM Your Daily Activity Guidt H According to tho Start. ir To develop message for Tuesday, read words corresponding to numbers of your Zodiac birth sign. . SEPT. OCT. 4- 5-13-leV B 1-49-57 VS5 1 Excelltnr 31 Gains 61 Love 2Do 320r 62You'll 3 Vitit 33 Small 63 Reoliz 4Pleosanr 34 Work 64 And 5 Surprises 35 Weight 65 From 6 Work 36 You've 66Slrings 7 The 37 Entertain 67 Sociol 8 Outlook 38 Scenes - 68 Personol 9 Better 39 Interests 69 See 10 Everything 40 Original 70 For 11 Give 41 Take 71 Home 12 Work 42 And 72 Mutual1 13 Welcome 43 Turn 73 Friendship 14 Watch 44 Sensible 74 Better 15 Possible 45 Much 75 Hopes 16Financial 46 To 76 Practical l7Attenlion 47At 77And 18 Behind 48 Day 78 Agreements 19 Is 49 Are 79 And 20 And 50 Pull 80 Wise 21 The - 51 Debts 81 Mailers 22 Good 52 Less 82 The 23 Your '53 Viewpoint 83 Keep 24 Your ' 54 Sparks 84 Harmony 25 To SSWollet 85 Crocks 26 Neighbors 56 And 86 Personol 27 Mora 57 Due 87 Results 28 For 58 To 88 Duties 29 Complain 59 Gain 89 Desires 30 An 60 TV 90 Interests Gocxl Adverse Neural' scorns OCT. 24 NOV. 22 12-27-29-52 jMI 2-49-82-87 J SACtTTAMUI NOV. 23 DEC 22 2-10-15-20 en 44-6044L.I DEC 21 JAN. 20 k7-77-&9uSI AOUAHUS UAN. 21 FEB. 19 9-14-23-35?? 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