i g MONDAY. AUGUST 12. 1963
MEDFOJ.D MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
: SOMETHING HAD TO BE DONE By the
; middle of August, 1863, Jefferson Davis
faced up to the fact that something had to
; be done quickly for the Confederate war
effort. He had been engrossed with Lee's
invasion of the north and the plight of
Vicksburg. But now Gen. Braxton Bragg's
Confederate Army of Tennessee and the key
city of Chattanooga were threatened. On
Aug. 16 Union MaJ. Gen. William S. Rosen-
crans began to close in on the city. Bragg
realized the danger and called for more
troops. Men were sent from Gen. Joseph E.
Johnson's army and Gen. R. E. Lee detached
General Longstreet's corps from the Army
of the Potomac. The battle of Chlckamauga
was in the making. This drawing depicts the
town of Chattanooga with the bridges leadr
ing to it. (UPI)
.:'jvr
WTTTrS
SjfcS WAS THE
CIVIL WAR
Federals Move on Chattanooga
By MERTON T. AKERS
UPI correspondent
I By the middle of August
1863 President Jefferson
pavls faced up to the fact that
something must be done for
'the Confederate war effort in
lhe West and soon.
'' He had been engrossed with
'Ien. Robert E. Lee's invasion
'of the North and with the
plight of Vicksburg, Miss., the
South's last defense post on
the Mississippi river. Now
both had been lost and Gen.
praxton Bragg's Confederate
Army of Tennessee ' was
.threatened along with the key
illy of Chattanooga, Tenn.
f The Confederate President
faced not , only a military
crisis but a political one as
Well. Politicians In the Con
federate Congress were snip
ing at him along with the
southern governors and Just
Jplnln citizens. Two bad de
feats in the same week gave
Davis' political opponents
always vocal a chance to
increase the sniping.
a Davis had three armies in
the West between the Missis
sippi river and the eastern
mountains.
One under Gen. Joseph E.
Johnston had lingered on the
fringes of the Vicksburg fight
without being able to do any
thing to relieve the city. Now
it had retreated east, aban
doning Jackson, Miss., the
state capital, to the Federals
for the second time that sum
mer. Johnston had about
22,000 men.
An army of about 6,000
men under MaJ. Gen. Simon
Buckner, who had surrend
ered Fort Donelson to MaJ.
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant some
months e a r 1 1 e r, occupied
Knoxville in eastern Ten
nessee. Other smaller forces
guarded the mountain passes
in the area.-
Bragg's Army of Tennessee,
the largest of the three, had
been maneuvered out of the
state by Union Maj. Gen.
William S. Rosecrans and lay
south and east of Chattan
ooga. Bragg mustered about
50,000, Rosecrans several
thousand more. '
Neither Bragg nor John
ston seemed to know what to
do and each appeared incap
able of communicating their
ideas to each other.
About the middle of July,
Bragg suggested to Johnston,
who was in overall command
in the West, that, they com
bine their forces and strike at
General Grant's army in west
ern Mississippi.
"Too late," Johnson re
plied, "such a combination
might have been advantag
eous before or during the
siege of Vicksburg, but not
after its disastrous termina
tion." By Aug, 1, Gen. Samuel
Cooper, Confederate adjutant
and inspector general, sug
gested to Bragg from Rich
mond that "if we can spare
most of Johnston's army tem
porarily and reinforce you,
can yon attack the enemy?"
Second Thought .
First Bragg thought he
could. But then he had a sec
ond thought. Even if he had
Johnston's army and 1 Buck
ner's, too, he thought "It
would be unsafe to seek the
enemy."
Bragg was an experienced
soldier and a close friend of
the Confederate President.
They had fought together in
the Mexican War and Davis
had the utmost confidence in
him.
But Bragg lacked the extra
something which successful
generals have. His men dis
liked him, often to the point
of hatred. His subordinates'
were critical of him and even
tually demanded that he be
relieved.
Lt. Gen. D. H. Hill who
came to the Army of Tennes
see about this time from
Richmond, described Bragg as
"silent, reserved, gloomy and
despondent."
Selected for Corps
Hill was sent to Bragg's
army to replace MaJ. Gen.
William J. Hardee who had
gone to another command.
Hill looked forward to the as
signment because he had been
one of Bragg's lieutenants in
the Mexican War. The others
were John F. Reynolds, a
Union general killed at Get
tysburg, and George H. Thom
as, now a corps commander
In the Union army facing
Bragg.
Davis personally selected
Hill for Hardee's corps.
Years later Hill wrote:
"I was seated in the yard
of a house in the suburbs of
Richmond . . . when President
Davis, dressed in a plain suit
of gray and attended by a
small escort in brilliant uni
form, galloped up and said:
" 'Rosecrans is about to ad
vance on Bragg; I have found
it necessary to detail Hardee
to defend Mississippi and Al
abama, His corps is without
a commander. I wish you to
command it.
" 'I cannot do that,' I re
Dlled. 'as (MaJ.) Gen. (Alex'
ander P.) Stewart (a division
commander in the corps) out
ranks me.'
' 'I can cure that, answered
Mr. Davis, 'by making you a
lientenant general. Your pa
pers will be ready tomor
row.
Hill noted that Davis
cheerfulness was a mystery
to me. Within a fortnight the
Pennsylvania campaign had
proved abortive. Vicksburg
and Port Hudson had fallen
. the end of our glorious
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dream could not be far off.
But I was as cheerful at that
interview as was Mr. Davis
himself."
Began To Close In
Soon after Hill arrived
Rosecrans began to close in
on Chattanooga from the
northwest. , The movement
started Aug. 16. The going
was rough. Part of his army
of about 50,000 men moved as
if to cross the Tennessee river
north of Chattanooga. The
main body moved toward the
Tennessee south of the city.
The country was rugged and
the roads mere country lanes.
The territory was barren of
supplies. Cavalry guarded
both flanks but Rosecrans'
army was spread on a front
about 50 miles long and hence
vulnerable.
Bragg's information about
Rosecran's move was scanty
but even so he seemed un
aware of the gathering as
sault forces and at first held
his army where it was.
By August 21 Bragg began
to appreciate his dangerous
position and appealed to John
ston for troops. Johnston sent
two divisions about 9,000
men.
Meantime from the north
Union Maj. Gen. Ambrose E.
Burnside started his IX Corps
from Lexington, Ky., south
ward toward Knoxville.
Bragg could not afford to
reinforce Buckner at Knox
ville and ordered him to aban
don the city and move south
ward to a point about 30 miles
north of Chattanooga where
his troops could be on hand
for the battle which seemed
to be shaping.
Back in Richmond Bragg's
plight caused more action.
Davis began to consider de
taching Lt. Gen. James Long
street's corps from the Army
of Northern Virginia to re
inforce Bragg. Then, Davis
reasoned, Rosecrans could be
crushed when the trap was
sprung.
Lee agreed to the detach
ment of Longstreet's corps, al
though the reduction of his
forces appeared grave for he
faced the Army of the Po
tomac, half again as big as his.
TAUflUS
APR. 21
MAY 2t
KSW -04-73
AMU
y3 MAR. 22
1-48-58-631
68.75-79-89
STAR GAZEKV
Br CLAY R. POLLAN"
A
MMM
MAY 22
Pj JUNE 22
lnil-17-55-33
L51-76-81-8a
CANCfl
JUNE 23
JULY 23
6-18-21-39
42-50-66
HO -
JULY 24
t. ,. AUG, 23
Vf)2-34-39-41
Of 13.70-74
IE
VttGO
AUG. 24
SEPT. 22
3-7-26-33
37-47-71
JM Your Daily Activity Guidt H
According to tho Start. ir
To develop message for Tuesday,
read words corresponding to numbers
of your Zodiac birth sign. .
SEPT.
OCT.
4- 5-13-leV
B 1-49-57 VS5
1 Excelltnr 31 Gains 61 Love
2Do 320r 62You'll
3 Vitit 33 Small 63 Reoliz
4Pleosanr 34 Work 64 And
5 Surprises 35 Weight 65 From
6 Work 36 You've 66Slrings
7 The 37 Entertain 67 Sociol
8 Outlook 38 Scenes - 68 Personol
9 Better 39 Interests 69 See
10 Everything 40 Original 70 For
11 Give 41 Take 71 Home
12 Work 42 And 72 Mutual1
13 Welcome 43 Turn 73 Friendship
14 Watch 44 Sensible 74 Better
15 Possible 45 Much 75 Hopes
16Financial 46 To 76 Practical
l7Attenlion 47At 77And
18 Behind 48 Day 78 Agreements
19 Is 49 Are 79 And
20 And 50 Pull 80 Wise
21 The - 51 Debts 81 Mailers
22 Good 52 Less 82 The
23 Your '53 Viewpoint 83 Keep
24 Your ' 54 Sparks 84 Harmony
25 To SSWollet 85 Crocks
26 Neighbors 56 And 86 Personol
27 Mora 57 Due 87 Results
28 For 58 To 88 Duties
29 Complain 59 Gain 89 Desires
30 An 60 TV 90 Interests
Gocxl Adverse Neural'
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OCT. 24
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12-27-29-52 jMI
2-49-82-87 J
SACtTTAMUI
NOV. 23
DEC 22
2-10-15-20 en
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DEC 21
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AOUAHUS
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9-14-23-35??
S5-5O-80-85'
nsai
FEB. 20 VJi
MAR. 21
36-45-46-59(01
I6re-7B
Lee, as usual, took the chance.
In passing Lee turned down a
proposal that he personally
go west and command the
army that was to be rein
forced.
The battle of Chickamauga
was in the making - the "Get
tysburg of the West" but in
reverse.
Man on Moon in
1968 Predicted
Houston, Tex. - IWD - The
United States may try to put
a man on the moon in 1968,
two years before the 1970
date set by President Ken
nedy, the Houston Chronicle
said Sunday.
The Chronicle said in a
copyrighted story that re-
mieets fn fitlldv of eOUiDITient
needed to keep men on the
moon indicated plans to step
up -the manned moon shot.
Chronicle science writer
Warren Burkett said the
study requests involved three
items that indicated a shot in
1968.
Th first was for life-sup
port equipment to be avail
shle fnr landing men on the
moon by 1968, and the sec
ond advised contractors oi
aerospace hardware that the
snare agency would want a
permanent moon station by
1970.
Thp fhirrl Dart of the study
ralr1 fnr a mnnn station that
would support up to 18 men
to six months without new
supplies sent from earth.
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