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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (May 16, 1963)
V 2 B South InuuoUAl, iuAl lo, laoJ , HlbUttltlU MAIL inmuilt, MLUtUItU, OHtUUN Korea Plans For Second Anniversary of Coy , By CHARLES SMITH United Pmu lnUrnaiionsl Seoul - fflPO - South Korea's military rulers are preparing to observe tne second anni versary of the May 16, 1961 coup that put them In power, They are far ihort of the goali they set for themselves on that lalelul morning. A few days after the take over a handful of the nation a 600,000 soldiers, the new mili tary mayor of Seoul set a hnntert foot on a rough wood en chair in his office, fingered a swagger stick and remarked to a foreign newsman: "We may make mistakes In running Korea. But they win be our mistakes. T.ntnr the same dav. Atnprir-an officer at United Nations command headquar ters across town leaned dbck In hit leather lounge chair propped a foot on a low coffee table and commented to the same newsman: Sad Day in Korea ' "Thp Aav the Korean sol diers started playing politics was a sad day for Korea - and for us. What lh mavor meant was that the military regime would not be so susceptible to Ameriran rtressurea nor so de pendent on American assis tance as previous regimes. ' What the American officer meant was that the Korean army, built almost from scratch Into one of the best and most dependable in the world with the help of Ameri can blood, sweat ana aunaro, suddenly was not so depend able. ' Two years have passed. The military mayor lost his Job long ago. The American offi cer has returned home, leav ing Korea out of sight if not out of mind. What has happened to the military regime in the light of their remarks? When the soldiers seized power ' they Immediately pledged to end political con fusion, get rid of factionalism, wipe out corruption, end so cial unrest and civic disorder, bring economic stability and strengthen ties with the United Slates. Transfer Power A little later, In response to strong American prodding, tlicy promised to transfer power to civilians in tne sum' mer of 1863. As military Junta chairman Cen. Park. Chung Hce and his colleagues prepare for their second anniversary, the po litical confusion is as bad as ever. Factionalism still is a serious problem, in the mili tary as well as civilian groups. There is much talk, and some evidence, of large-scale cor ruption. The military rulers have admitted their economic programs have failed. . Relations with the United States are strained and could get worse. And Park Is trying desper ately to hang onto power de spite his repeated pledges to give it up by this summer. The United States was ex tremely displeased over the coup and even tried to get then-President Posun Yun to give the word to loyal troops to crush it. Yun Regrets Yun refused. He now says he regrets it. Presented with a fait ac compli, the United States swallowed hard and worked to help the military regime achieve Its stated goals and try to keep It on a path of moderation while pressing constantly for early restora tion of civil rule. After Park made a public pledge in August, 1061, to re storo civil government in the summer of 1063, he was in, vitcd to Washington. While In Washington In November, 1061, he Issued a Joint statement with President Kennedy reaffirming his "sol cmn Intention to restore power to civilians, Park repealed this pledge on many occasions after that, But as he was doing so, Ills secret police chief, Kim Chong Pil (one of the chief coup plotters and now a re tired brigadier general), was working feverishly to build up a vast political organtza tion that was to serve as a vehicle for Park and other of. fleers to run for office in civilian clothes. Black List nw.lt Kim was doing this while a light ban on political actlvl- ties and a blacklist that in. eluded 4.373 names prohibited any rival party from orga tilling. A new constitution was drafted and adopted In a na. tional referendum. An elec tion law that contained some strange provisions, Including one prohibiting independent candidates in legislative and presidential elections, was de creed, The way appeared clear at the end of last year for the military men to shed their uniforms and run in spring elections they could hardly lose, enabling them legally to perpetuate their rule. They eased the ban on po litical activities and early1 this year the roof caved In. The factionalism that had plagued the military rulers since Park ousted original Junta chairman Lt. Chang Do Young In the regime's early days erupted into public feel ing. Some feared it might cause civil war. Retired Lt. Gen. Song Yo Chan, a former army chief of staff and the military regime's premier for about a year be fore he quit in disgust, blasted Kim Chong Pil. Song accused Kim of under handed tactics and warned that he was building up a p o w e r ful personal machine that was dangerous for Korea - and the United States. Other soldiers and former soldiers Joined in the public attacks against Kim. One of the Junta's key mem bers, former marine corps commandant Lt. Gen. Kim Dong Ha, quit his post as head of the Junta's foreign and de fense affairs committee. He accused Park and Kim of be traying the people by trying to hang on to power and said he could not be a party to It. Quits Politics In a series of explosive de velopments, Park publicly re nounced all intentions of run ning for office and vowed to bow out of politics forever. He accepted civilian demands for postponement of elections from the spring until mid summer to give them time to organize. Under extreme pressure. Park sent his brother-in-law Kim Chong Pil into tempor ary exile abroad, where he is today as a "roving ambassa dor." While Korean movie, the aters were showing newsreels of the weeping strongman making his public pledge to bow out of politics, Park changed his mind again. He stunned Koreans and the United States by suddenly announcing a plan to hold a national referendum on a four-year extension of mili tary rule. This announcement came on March 16, shortly after his new secret police chief had tossed some of the leading op ponents of Kim Chong Pil into prison on charges of plot ting a new coup. The United States applied some firm pressure, including a statement by the state de partment that prolongation of military rule could increase instability. Bows to Pressure In early April, Park bowed to this pressure and pressure by civilian politicians and an nounced a face-saving solution that really solved nothing. He deferred the referendum plan and promised elections next fall if conditions warrant. He also lifted a new ban he had placed on political activities. His new plan contained a big if. The way things are go ing, conditions next fall might not warrant elections in the eyes of Park and his col leagues. . As the military regime pre pared to celebrate its second anniversary of its takeover, the talk was that Park once again is thinking of running for president in civil i a n clothes, as head of a "Pan-Nation" party he would like to see formed. There were strong expecta tion that Park might make some announcement on this at the anniversary ceremonies. If he does, the crisis that has plagued the nation for months, is almost certain to deepen. . MODERN PEOPLE know it's best for the waistline! 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