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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (March 17, 1963)
O D SUNDAY. MARCH 17, 1963 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFOHD, OREGON Progress on Alliance of Progress Not As ((Editor'i note: Thii U the seventh in series of articles in which Great Decisions program subjects era discussed. Thii week's article concern! the Alli ance for Progress. The fol lowing dispatch wai pro vided by the Foreign Pol icy Association. New York City, which sponsors the program.) Is the Alliance for Prog ress1, the much publicized $10 billion U. S. aid program for a decade of development in Latin America, really making progress? Officials in both Washing ton and Latin America are in creasingly concerned that the answer is no-at least not the progress originally contcm plated for the program. The Organization of Amer lean States (OAS) has already recognized that the Alliance is in trouble in its second year. Former Colombian President Alberto L 1 e r a s Camargo and former Brazil ian President Juscclino Ku bitschek have as a result been appointed special OAS ad viscrs with the task of com ing up with recommendations that would set the program on the road to achieving ' its promised objectives. Two other groups, whose aims arc as widely divergent as their meeting places, will also be focusing attention on the faltering course of the Alliance this month. In Washington a specially appointed Presidential task force will issue its report on the rights and wrongs of the U.S. foreign aid program. Preliminary surveys and rec ommendations already sub mitted to the task force indi cate that the Latin American phase of U.S. assistance ef forts will receive some sharp ly critical comments. Leftists Meet In Rio dc Janeiro several hundred leftist and pro-Communist leaders from all the Western Hemisphere arc scheduled to gather under the auspices of the Continental Congress for Solidarity with Cuba. The real aim of the confer ence, say observers, will be to map Communist grand strategy for Latin America, and the delegates are expect ed to take particularly dead ly aim at the U.S.-sponsorcd Alliance for Progress. Communists have bitterly opposed U.S. aid programs ever since the days of the Marshall Plan for European recovery. They are determin ed that the goals of the Alli ance should not succeed. Those goals - substantial so cial reform and economic progress for millions of Latin Americans now living in pov erty and ignorance - would lessen Communist chances to parlay social and economic unrest Into successful power grabs. Troubles Mounting In many respects, 1DH2 whs not a good year for Latin America or for the Alliance program, and the troubles have spilled over into 10113. Political crises In two of the largest Latin American na tions, Argentina and Brazil, opened the door to major eco nomic setbacks. Pro-Communist groups In Venezuela and elsewhere have launched bold terrorist campaigns in a concerted ef fort to topple moderate, pro U.S. governments besieged by other difficulties. Such tactics have been designed to hasten the flight of capital from South America, a flight which began in earnest soon after Castro showed his Red colors and expropriated foreign hold ings in Cuba. Last year U.S. private In vestment In Latin America, which flowed at a rale uf more than $1 billion a yrar In 1D57. plummeted to "less thHii $200 million. Over the pal year Latin American businessmen have continued to Intensify wilh riinwals of precious capital irom tnclr own countries. In vesting it where the political climate is considered safer owiss aim us. banks are still reportedly bulging with Latin American capital that is badly needed for Invest ment at home. Falling Prices Moreover, fulling prices for Latin American exports, such as coffee, and rampaging in flation have continued to rack the economies of Brazil, Chile U.S.A. " " 3g 5mM,Luon l L- ' . jTi- . Wm 27.2 MILLION s AMERICA 1 j cosu RICA - imaMiinoNP . Panama '""wntMmiLiiiw"-- ; U.S. AID TO CENTRAL AMERICA MONEY IN PROGRAM This newsmap shows the mil lions of U.D. dollars that have been poured into Central America and the Caribbean since March 13, 1061, when the Alliance for Progress was announced. New Frontier officials hope that 1063 will see the alliance make deep inroads into Latin America's poverty and historic social ills. (UPI) and Colombia. Generally, about the only recent bright spots in the Latin American picture have been Mexico and one or two small countries in Central America. Peru has made some economic progress, but the political situation there is now clouded by strife within the ruling military junta. Such troubles may not add PET TALK By M. I. L. Arch Masons Plan Special Meeting Past high priests will be honored at a special meeting of Crater Lake Chapter 32 nf (he Royal Arch Masons at 7 30 p in, Tuesday in the Mod ford Masonic temple. Arrangements have been made for a special class of candidates In receive the Royal Arch degree and the Initiation tram will be made up of Past High Priests. So you are planning to get a pet? Before you adopt an animal there are several decisions to be made. Do you really want a pet ,and, if so, what kind of animal? The day is past, in most communities, when you could let a dog roam at large. Do you know the cost of car ing for the contemplated pet humanely and legally, and are you able and willing to meet that cost? If planning to adopt a dog, have you a fenced yard or can you make arrangements to exercise your pet several times a day while keeping it under control? Do you know why your female dog or cat should be spayed and are you willing to pay for the operation? A scries of kit tens or puppies will cost you more and the result of the breeding is inhumane. Will every member of the family welcome the new pet and will they understand its needs? Contrary to popular opinion, it usually is unwise and often cruel to match any baby an imal wilh a very young child. Have you carefully con sidered all kinds of pets? You can make a real friend of a parakeet, and a tankful of fish can be a fascinating hobby. Are you prepared to take your pet to a veterinar ian when it is sli k or injured? If you can't afford it, don't lake on the responsibility. Do you know the laws of the community governing the hu mane treatment of animals, licensing and control? It is just as important to know these laws as to know traffic laws when you own an auto mobile. Then there is Hie training period and a cat will scratch chuirs and both cats and dogs shed hairs. Be realistic about your liv ing conditions and yuur own temperament. It may save yni and an animal unhappy mo ments. Now, if you think you still want a pel welcome to the fraternity of (hose who can gel a lot of happiness from being friends wilh an imals. Do you know lhal 1. Cats ran think? Zoolog ists say there is no doubt about it both cats and dogs think; though some think more clrarly than others. 2. Extensive deposits of tar tar on the teeth of dogs and cats Interfere wilh their rat ing. The use of hard milk bones and dog biscuits graded to the size of your pel is rec ommended for removal of tartar accumulation. 3. Cats are color blind. The world looks very much like a black and white photograph to a cat. up to a score of zero for U.S. aid efforts south of the border, since disastrous back sliding - a worsening of eco nomic conditions - may have been prevented in many of the Alliance countries. But the Alliance program is de signed for progress, not pre vention, and many officials are coming to the conclusion that it will have to be re thought if progress is to be forthcoming. The rethinking is coming from two directions - Wash ington and Latin America. A Growing Feeling In the U.S. there is a grow ing feeling that no amount of aid can bring about prog ress In Lalin America if pri vate investment and the con ditions that make it possible - stable government, favor able economic policies - are absent. The original Alliance plan called for at least $3ro million a year in private U.S. investments in Lalin Ameri can development with addi tional billions being supplied by local businessmen. There also is a feeling that Lalin American governments are dawdling over their re sponsibilities in the program - internal economic and so cial reforms and the estab lishment of comprehensive de velopment plans. So far only four of the 20 countries par ticipating have even bothered to submit development plans to aid officials in Washing ton, and the program is in its 10th month. U.S. officials are aim con cerned about the reluctance of Latin American nations to take concerted steps toward the Integration of their econo mics. A healthy Latin Ameri can common market is con sidered essential lo the pro motion of industrialization and trade expansion. Latins Voice Complaints Latin Americans, on the other hand, criticize the U.S. for not moving fast enough in providing promised assist ance. Colombia's President Guillcrmo Leon Valencia put it this way: "We looked on the Alliance as a great oppor tunity. It was aimed at coun tries with stable, democratic governments and definite de velopment plans. We had both. Ours was the first plan to be sent to Washington. But nothing much has happened." There are additional com plaints about political strings which some Lalin Americans maintain bring Interference in Ihcir internal affairs. Thry argue, for example, thai some reforms designed to encourage foreign invest ment might be deeply resent ed by the people and hence unsral governments whose commitment to the Alliance is strong. Glimmers of Hope Nevertheless, the rlouds of disappointment to the pouth .Tsw.Tiirfrv AUTOMATIC Transmissions Exclusively I have found that those who love A dog, a cat, a bird and flowers, Arc usually thoughtful of The larger need that may be ours; Who for God's creatures small will plan, Will seldom wrong his fel low man. - Edgar A. Guest I have a few silver linings. Moves, such as the recent cof fee agreement, are now afoot to stabilize Lalin American commodity prices. Both France and Britain are quick ening their interest in invest ment opportunities; both have recently been scouting the prospects. Most important of all, some officials detect signs of a sig nificant breaklhrough in Latin American psychology. They say the ruling groups are at last recognizing the necessity and inevitability of reform, while the mass of people, dis enchanted with Cuba's pro Soviet stance, are coming lo realize that their main hope for a better future lies in cooperating with the U.S. Moreover, until this year the Alliance was pretty much of a paper tiger, wrapped up in organizational and admin istrative groundwork. Actual grappling with the problems of economic development is just getting under way in full force. For this reason, Teodoro Moscoso, director of the Alliance program, says that "1963 will be the crucial year" of trial. By FRANCIS L. MCCARTHY UPI Lalin American Editor The year of decision for the Alliance for Progress -Washington's answer to Latin America's poor, hungry and illiterate - appears to be at hand. Administration officials hope in 1963 to turn high wishes into substantial deeds; to prove the alliance proposi tion that in democratic evolu tion rather than Communist revolution lies the road to re form. The smell of revolution hangs heavy in the air throughout Latin America. Virtually every republic ex cept Mexico is struggling with unrest. Under the alliance, the United States has undertaken to build a new life from scratch in Latin America. Un der the alliance, the U. S. pro poses to spend $20 billion, by 1970 in developing Latin America's under - developed areas and correcting its his toric social ills. Slight Inroads Since the alliance was an nounced more than a year ago, the program has made only slight inroads into hemi sphere poverty. The big hitch in its drive has been a general reluctance of Latin America nations to undertake social, economic and administrative reform. Another general drawback has been the political insta bility induced by the very factors the United States is seeking to correct. Alliance personnel are con vinced that both extremes of the left and the right are co operating in an attempt to scuttle the program. The left fights the program with hopes to repeat the Cuban formula; the right often attempts to hamper the alliance in order to maintain the status quo. With the alliance in Latin America confronting the fued al right and the Communist left, it is not difficult to un derstand the problems the United Stales' most ambitious Officials Had Hoped aid program has had in get ting started. The alliance, a self-help program, was outlined to the hemisphere by U. S. Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon at a meeting in Punta Del Este, Uruguay, on Aug. 7, 1961. It was conceived by the Kennedy administration on the premise that U. S. aid and technical know - how with Latin American cooperation, could effectively advance the clock on years of neglect and mismanagement which placed Latin America a century be hind the United States in wealth and social and eco nomic progress. As assets the United States listed the area's immense re sources, its "living space," manpower reserves and rest lessness for betterment. A big question posed was whether Latin Americans would be willing and able to sacrifice old ways and habits for progress. Other obstacles included a general leftward trend throughout the hemisphere, hastened by economic crises of broad scope and a drying up of U.S. private capital in vestment flow to the area be cause of restrictive legisla tion, j To head off economic col lapse in some nations, the al liance thus has been forced to make available to such na tions as Argentina, Brazil and Chile, for example, much emergency aid without first requiring it to be tied to fundamental reforms. So far in the life of the al liance, six of 20 hemisphere nations Bolivia, Chile, Co lombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela h a v e submitted development blueprints for Washington review. Aid has been given to two B olivia and Colombia with favorable action on the Chilean blueprint also essen tially completed. Technically, on a 1 1 i a n c e money the U.S. has surpassed in both 1961 and 1962 its esti mated aid provision figures of one billion dollars yearly. . An estimated $1.7 billion has been allocated to Latin America in alliance aid in just a little over a year. How ever, actual cash disburse ments have amounted to a lit tle less than a half-billion dol lars, or, roughly, 25 per cent of the allocated total. The delay in disbursement of the balance of the allocat ed total has been attributed variously to red tape, under standable early "fumbling" in direction, admitted alliance understating and. probably to some degree, official doubt as to what extent to press the basic concept of social reform. Lag In Program Because of the lag in the program, a top-level critical reappraisal of the alliance has been under way in Wash ington for some months. The main objective has been to improve the program's role in stimulating Latin American governments into more vigor ous initiatives of their own to combat economic and social ills. The reappraisal was or dered personally by Presi dent Kennedy in close consul tation with Teodoro Moscoso, director of the U.S. share of the alliance. An early result has been the appointment of two former Latin American presidents Alberto L 1 e r a s Camargo of Colombia and Juscclino Kubitschek of Bra zil to tour the hemisphere to seek ways and means for getting the alliance into high gear. Washington also is study ing radical new incentives to gel U.S. investors back into underdeveloped countries in Latin America. Such invest ment incentives may soon be presented to Congress. They are expected to include Wash ington assumption of part of the risk involved in overseas investment and changes in laws governing taxation of foreign earnings. Successful Program A bright spot in otherwise somber reflection on the alli ance lag is coordinator Mos coso's report on one relative ly modest but highly success. ful U.S. air program to Latin America feeding the chil dren. He says the United States is now using its surplus food, stuffs to help feed millions of children, and that by July, 1963 "our best estimates are that some 170,000 houses will have been built, more than 17,000 classrooms constructed and close to 15,000 miles of roads built or maintained under the program." So far, the United Stales has sent thousands of tons o( surplus flour, cornmcal, edible oils, cheese, beans and powdered milk to Latin America to be distributed by private relief agencies and lo cal officials. The food will help feed more than eight million children this year, or an estimated 25 per cent of the area's school-age popula. tion. Another five million babies and expectant mothers will get at least one meal a day under the program. The food is credited with doubling Peru's rural school attendance and with reducing school absenteeism in Bolivia from 38 per cent to 2 per cent. It is expected within the year the United States will be feeding 13 of Latin America's school children. We Think our new grey $175 Louis Roth suits have CHALCEDONY added for sparkle. note: Barker's in middle-Medford are Ihe franchised dealer for Louis Roth in Southern Oregon. After a Day in The Garden... LET EASY-TO-SERVE 7f Rich, Luscious IC1E OlffiAM Solve Your Dessert Problem! Jorgensen's wish the Camp Flr Girls HAPPY BIRTHDAY . . . wo salute these fine young girls of this community who art "learning by doing", and th public ipiritcd young women who devote time and energy toward directing this worth while youth organixation. Minor or Major Repairs Factory Units in Stock 100S Financing MEDFORD TRANSMISSION REBUILDERS 1910 Table Rock Rd. 773-7741 Fait Efficient Service Acrntl frttm Biq Y Marktt Of course, no Roo.ua River Valley home maker can possibly resist tha Springtime season ... the fun of golling out-of-doors and digging In the garden and flower bed. This is truly FUN TIME, and FUN TIME is FIESTA TIME . . . it's the season when this fine Jorqenson's Ice Cream is especially good. There are so many easy to prepare and serve desserts to save time and bother . . . and there's nothing better for betweon-meal snacks. There's a flavor for every taste, and FIESTA Ice Cream is doubly good with NUTRIMIX added-the exclusive Jorgen sen's nutrient that adds oomph to the very BEST ice cream you've ever lasledl JP1' efjjfvi. a - V rL fit CAA Tib aa JM S MM I ft, W A m V m 'i.j ' ar f m -.t -v:v- v f m n : w For Oilier ihtiry Products Ash ior 'Jorgenscm9
