O D SUNDAY. MARCH 17, 1963 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFOHD, OREGON
Progress on Alliance of Progress
Not As
((Editor'i note: Thii U
the seventh in series of
articles in which Great
Decisions program subjects
era discussed. Thii week's
article concern! the Alli
ance for Progress. The fol
lowing dispatch wai pro
vided by the Foreign Pol
icy Association. New York
City, which sponsors the
program.)
Is the Alliance for Prog
ress1, the much publicized $10
billion U. S. aid program for
a decade of development in
Latin America, really making
progress?
Officials in both Washing
ton and Latin America are in
creasingly concerned that the
answer is no-at least not the
progress originally contcm
plated for the program.
The Organization of Amer
lean States (OAS) has already
recognized that the Alliance
is in trouble in its second
year. Former Colombian
President Alberto L 1 e r a s
Camargo and former Brazil
ian President Juscclino Ku
bitschek have as a result been
appointed special OAS ad
viscrs with the task of com
ing up with recommendations
that would set the program
on the road to achieving ' its
promised objectives.
Two other groups, whose
aims arc as widely divergent
as their meeting places, will
also be focusing attention on
the faltering course of the
Alliance this month.
In Washington a specially
appointed Presidential task
force will issue its report on
the rights and wrongs of the
U.S. foreign aid program.
Preliminary surveys and rec
ommendations already sub
mitted to the task force indi
cate that the Latin American
phase of U.S. assistance ef
forts will receive some sharp
ly critical comments.
Leftists Meet
In Rio dc Janeiro several
hundred leftist and pro-Communist
leaders from all the
Western Hemisphere arc
scheduled to gather under the
auspices of the Continental
Congress for Solidarity with
Cuba.
The real aim of the confer
ence, say observers, will be
to map Communist grand
strategy for Latin America,
and the delegates are expect
ed to take particularly dead
ly aim at the U.S.-sponsorcd
Alliance for Progress.
Communists have bitterly
opposed U.S. aid programs
ever since the days of the
Marshall Plan for European
recovery. They are determin
ed that the goals of the Alli
ance should not succeed.
Those goals - substantial so
cial reform and economic
progress for millions of Latin
Americans now living in pov
erty and ignorance - would
lessen Communist chances to
parlay social and economic
unrest Into successful power
grabs. Troubles Mounting
In many respects, 1DH2 whs
not a good year for Latin
America or for the Alliance
program, and the troubles
have spilled over into 10113.
Political crises In two of the
largest Latin American na
tions, Argentina and Brazil,
opened the door to major eco
nomic setbacks.
Pro-Communist groups In
Venezuela and elsewhere
have launched bold terrorist
campaigns in a concerted ef
fort to topple moderate, pro
U.S. governments besieged by
other difficulties. Such tactics
have been designed to hasten
the flight of capital from
South America, a flight which
began in earnest soon after
Castro showed his Red colors
and expropriated foreign hold
ings in Cuba.
Last year U.S. private In
vestment In Latin America,
which flowed at a rale uf
more than $1 billion a yrar
In 1D57. plummeted to "less
thHii $200 million.
Over the pal year Latin
American businessmen have
continued to Intensify wilh
riinwals of precious capital
irom tnclr own countries. In
vesting it where the political
climate is considered safer
owiss aim us. banks are
still reportedly bulging with
Latin American capital that
is badly needed for Invest
ment at home.
Falling Prices
Moreover, fulling prices for
Latin American exports, such
as coffee, and rampaging in
flation have continued to rack
the economies of Brazil, Chile
U.S.A. " " 3g 5mM,Luon
l L- ' . jTi- .
Wm 27.2 MILLION s AMERICA 1
j cosu RICA
- imaMiinoNP . Panama
'""wntMmiLiiiw"-- ;
U.S. AID TO
CENTRAL
AMERICA
MONEY IN PROGRAM This newsmap shows the mil
lions of U.D. dollars that have been poured into Central
America and the Caribbean since March 13, 1061, when
the Alliance for Progress was announced. New Frontier
officials hope that 1063 will see the alliance make deep
inroads into Latin America's poverty and historic social
ills. (UPI)
and Colombia. Generally,
about the only recent bright
spots in the Latin American
picture have been Mexico and
one or two small countries in
Central America. Peru has
made some economic progress,
but the political situation
there is now clouded by strife
within the ruling military
junta.
Such troubles may not add
PET TALK
By M. I. L.
Arch Masons Plan
Special Meeting
Past high priests will be
honored at a special meeting
of Crater Lake Chapter 32
nf (he Royal Arch Masons at
7 30 p in, Tuesday in the Mod
ford Masonic temple.
Arrangements have been
made for a special class of
candidates In receive the
Royal Arch degree and the
Initiation tram will be made
up of Past High Priests.
So you are planning to get
a pet?
Before you adopt an animal
there are several decisions to
be made. Do you really want
a pet ,and, if so, what kind of
animal? The day is past, in
most communities, when you
could let a dog roam at large.
Do you know the cost of car
ing for the contemplated pet
humanely and legally, and
are you able and willing to
meet that cost? If planning
to adopt a dog, have you a
fenced yard or can you make
arrangements to exercise your
pet several times a day while
keeping it under control? Do
you know why your female
dog or cat should be spayed
and are you willing to pay for
the operation? A scries of kit
tens or puppies will cost you
more and the result of the
breeding is inhumane. Will
every member of the family
welcome the new pet and will
they understand its needs?
Contrary to popular opinion,
it usually is unwise and often
cruel to match any baby an
imal wilh a very young child.
Have you carefully con
sidered all kinds of pets? You
can make a real friend of a
parakeet, and a tankful of
fish can be a fascinating
hobby. Are you prepared to
take your pet to a veterinar
ian when it is sli k or injured?
If you can't afford it, don't
lake on the responsibility. Do
you know the laws of the
community governing the hu
mane treatment of animals,
licensing and control? It is
just as important to know
these laws as to know traffic
laws when you own an auto
mobile. Then there is Hie
training period and a cat will
scratch chuirs and both cats
and dogs shed hairs.
Be realistic about your liv
ing conditions and yuur own
temperament. It may save yni
and an animal unhappy mo
ments. Now, if you think you
still want a pel welcome to
the fraternity of (hose who
can gel a lot of happiness
from being friends wilh an
imals. Do you know lhal
1. Cats ran think? Zoolog
ists say there is no doubt
about it both cats and dogs
think; though some think
more clrarly than others.
2. Extensive deposits of tar
tar on the teeth of dogs and
cats Interfere wilh their rat
ing. The use of hard milk
bones and dog biscuits graded
to the size of your pel is rec
ommended for removal of
tartar accumulation.
3. Cats are color blind. The
world looks very much like
a black and white photograph
to a cat.
up to a score of zero for
U.S. aid efforts south of the
border, since disastrous back
sliding - a worsening of eco
nomic conditions - may have
been prevented in many of
the Alliance countries. But
the Alliance program is de
signed for progress, not pre
vention, and many officials
are coming to the conclusion
that it will have to be re
thought if progress is to be
forthcoming.
The rethinking is coming
from two directions - Wash
ington and Latin America.
A Growing Feeling
In the U.S. there is a grow
ing feeling that no amount
of aid can bring about prog
ress In Lalin America if pri
vate investment and the con
ditions that make it possible
- stable government, favor
able economic policies - are
absent. The original Alliance
plan called for at least $3ro
million a year in private U.S.
investments in Lalin Ameri
can development with addi
tional billions being supplied
by local businessmen.
There also is a feeling that
Lalin American governments
are dawdling over their re
sponsibilities in the program
- internal economic and so
cial reforms and the estab
lishment of comprehensive de
velopment plans. So far only
four of the 20 countries par
ticipating have even bothered
to submit development plans
to aid officials in Washing
ton, and the program is in
its 10th month.
U.S. officials are aim con
cerned about the reluctance
of Latin American nations to
take concerted steps toward
the Integration of their econo
mics. A healthy Latin Ameri
can common market is con
sidered essential lo the pro
motion of industrialization
and trade expansion.
Latins Voice Complaints
Latin Americans, on the
other hand, criticize the U.S.
for not moving fast enough
in providing promised assist
ance. Colombia's President
Guillcrmo Leon Valencia put
it this way: "We looked on
the Alliance as a great oppor
tunity. It was aimed at coun
tries with stable, democratic
governments and definite de
velopment plans. We had
both. Ours was the first plan
to be sent to Washington. But
nothing much has happened."
There are additional com
plaints about political strings
which some Lalin Americans
maintain bring Interference in
Ihcir internal affairs.
Thry argue, for example,
thai some reforms designed
to encourage foreign invest
ment might be deeply resent
ed by the people and hence
unsral governments whose
commitment to the Alliance
is strong.
Glimmers of Hope
Nevertheless, the rlouds of
disappointment to the pouth
.Tsw.Tiirfrv
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I have found that those who
love
A dog, a cat, a bird and
flowers,
Arc usually thoughtful of
The larger need that may
be ours;
Who for God's creatures
small will plan,
Will seldom wrong his fel
low man.
- Edgar A. Guest I
have a few silver linings.
Moves, such as the recent cof
fee agreement, are now afoot
to stabilize Lalin American
commodity prices. Both
France and Britain are quick
ening their interest in invest
ment opportunities; both have
recently been scouting the
prospects.
Most important of all, some
officials detect signs of a sig
nificant breaklhrough in Latin
American psychology. They
say the ruling groups are at
last recognizing the necessity
and inevitability of reform,
while the mass of people, dis
enchanted with Cuba's pro
Soviet stance, are coming lo
realize that their main hope
for a better future lies in
cooperating with the U.S.
Moreover, until this year
the Alliance was pretty much
of a paper tiger, wrapped up
in organizational and admin
istrative groundwork. Actual
grappling with the problems
of economic development is
just getting under way in
full force. For this reason,
Teodoro Moscoso, director of
the Alliance program, says
that "1963 will be the crucial
year" of trial.
By FRANCIS L. MCCARTHY
UPI Lalin American Editor
The year of decision for
the Alliance for Progress -Washington's
answer to Latin
America's poor, hungry and
illiterate - appears to be at
hand.
Administration officials
hope in 1963 to turn high
wishes into substantial deeds;
to prove the alliance proposi
tion that in democratic evolu
tion rather than Communist
revolution lies the road to re
form. The smell of revolution
hangs heavy in the air
throughout Latin America.
Virtually every republic ex
cept Mexico is struggling with
unrest.
Under the alliance, the
United States has undertaken
to build a new life from
scratch in Latin America. Un
der the alliance, the U. S. pro
poses to spend $20 billion, by
1970 in developing Latin
America's under - developed
areas and correcting its his
toric social ills.
Slight Inroads
Since the alliance was an
nounced more than a year
ago, the program has made
only slight inroads into hemi
sphere poverty.
The big hitch in its drive
has been a general reluctance
of Latin America nations to
undertake social, economic
and administrative reform.
Another general drawback
has been the political insta
bility induced by the very
factors the United States is
seeking to correct.
Alliance personnel are con
vinced that both extremes of
the left and the right are co
operating in an attempt to
scuttle the program. The left
fights the program with hopes
to repeat the Cuban formula;
the right often attempts to
hamper the alliance in order
to maintain the status quo.
With the alliance in Latin
America confronting the fued
al right and the Communist
left, it is not difficult to un
derstand the problems the
United Stales' most ambitious
Officials Had Hoped
aid program has had in get
ting started.
The alliance, a self-help
program, was outlined to the
hemisphere by U. S. Treasury
Secretary Douglas Dillon at
a meeting in Punta Del Este,
Uruguay, on Aug. 7, 1961.
It was conceived by the
Kennedy administration on
the premise that U. S. aid and
technical know - how with
Latin American cooperation,
could effectively advance the
clock on years of neglect and
mismanagement which placed
Latin America a century be
hind the United States in
wealth and social and eco
nomic progress.
As assets the United States
listed the area's immense re
sources, its "living space,"
manpower reserves and rest
lessness for betterment. A big
question posed was whether
Latin Americans would be
willing and able to sacrifice
old ways and habits for
progress.
Other obstacles included a
general leftward trend
throughout the hemisphere,
hastened by economic crises
of broad scope and a drying
up of U.S. private capital in
vestment flow to the area be
cause of restrictive legisla
tion, j
To head off economic col
lapse in some nations, the al
liance thus has been forced
to make available to such na
tions as Argentina, Brazil
and Chile, for example, much
emergency aid without first
requiring it to be tied to
fundamental reforms.
So far in the life of the al
liance, six of 20 hemisphere
nations Bolivia, Chile, Co
lombia, Mexico, Peru and
Venezuela h a v e submitted
development blueprints for
Washington review.
Aid has been given to two
B olivia and Colombia
with favorable action on the
Chilean blueprint also essen
tially completed.
Technically, on a 1 1 i a n c e
money the U.S. has surpassed
in both 1961 and 1962 its esti
mated aid provision figures of
one billion dollars yearly. .
An estimated $1.7 billion
has been allocated to Latin
America in alliance aid in
just a little over a year. How
ever, actual cash disburse
ments have amounted to a lit
tle less than a half-billion dol
lars, or, roughly, 25 per cent
of the allocated total.
The delay in disbursement
of the balance of the allocat
ed total has been attributed
variously to red tape, under
standable early "fumbling" in
direction, admitted alliance
understating and. probably
to some degree, official doubt
as to what extent to press the
basic concept of social reform.
Lag In Program
Because of the lag in the
program, a top-level critical
reappraisal of the alliance
has been under way in Wash
ington for some months. The
main objective has been to
improve the program's role in
stimulating Latin American
governments into more vigor
ous initiatives of their own to
combat economic and social
ills.
The reappraisal was or
dered personally by Presi
dent Kennedy in close consul
tation with Teodoro Moscoso,
director of the U.S. share of
the alliance. An early result
has been the appointment of
two former Latin American
presidents Alberto L 1 e r a s
Camargo of Colombia and
Juscclino Kubitschek of Bra
zil to tour the hemisphere
to seek ways and means for
getting the alliance into high
gear.
Washington also is study
ing radical new incentives to
gel U.S. investors back into
underdeveloped countries in
Latin America. Such invest
ment incentives may soon be
presented to Congress. They
are expected to include Wash
ington assumption of part of
the risk involved in overseas
investment and changes in
laws governing taxation of
foreign earnings.
Successful Program
A bright spot in otherwise
somber reflection on the alli
ance lag is coordinator Mos
coso's report on one relative
ly modest but highly success.
ful U.S. air program to Latin
America feeding the chil
dren. He says the United States
is now using its surplus food,
stuffs to help feed millions of
children, and that by July,
1963 "our best estimates are
that some 170,000 houses will
have been built, more than
17,000 classrooms constructed
and close to 15,000 miles of
roads built or maintained
under the program."
So far, the United Stales
has sent thousands of tons o(
surplus flour, cornmcal,
edible oils, cheese, beans and
powdered milk to Latin
America to be distributed by
private relief agencies and lo
cal officials. The food will
help feed more than eight
million children this year, or
an estimated 25 per cent of
the area's school-age popula.
tion. Another five million
babies and expectant mothers
will get at least one meal a
day under the program.
The food is credited with
doubling Peru's rural school
attendance and with reducing
school absenteeism in Bolivia
from 38 per cent to 2 per
cent. It is expected within the
year the United States will
be feeding 13 of Latin
America's school children.
We Think
our new grey $175
Louis Roth suits have
CHALCEDONY added
for sparkle.
note: Barker's in
middle-Medford are
Ihe franchised dealer
for Louis Roth in
Southern Oregon.
After a Day in
The Garden...
LET EASY-TO-SERVE
7f Rich, Luscious
IC1E OlffiAM
Solve Your Dessert Problem!
Jorgensen's wish the Camp Flr
Girls HAPPY BIRTHDAY . . .
wo salute these fine young girls
of this community who art
"learning by doing", and th
public ipiritcd young women
who devote time and energy
toward directing this worth
while youth organixation.
Minor or Major Repairs
Factory Units in Stock
100S Financing
MEDFORD
TRANSMISSION
REBUILDERS
1910 Table Rock Rd. 773-7741
Fait Efficient Service
Acrntl frttm Biq Y Marktt
Of course, no Roo.ua River Valley home
maker can possibly resist tha Springtime
season ... the fun of golling out-of-doors
and digging In the garden and
flower bed. This is truly FUN TIME, and
FUN TIME is FIESTA TIME . . . it's the
season when this fine Jorqenson's Ice
Cream is especially good. There are so
many easy to prepare and serve desserts
to save time and bother . . . and there's
nothing better for betweon-meal snacks.
There's a flavor for every taste, and
FIESTA Ice Cream is doubly good with
NUTRIMIX added-the exclusive Jorgen
sen's nutrient that adds oomph to the
very BEST ice cream you've ever lasledl
JP1'
efjjfvi.
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rL fit CAA
Tib aa JM S MM I ft, W A m V m
'i.j ' ar f m -.t -v:v- v f m n : w
For Oilier ihtiry Products Ash ior 'Jorgenscm9