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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 6, 1963)
jq , SUNDAY. JANUARY 6. 1963 MEPFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDfOHD. OREGON New Generation Starts Life Knowing Only Displaced Living By GARY HAMPTON United Press International For 14 years, since they fled their homes in what is now Israel, more than 1,000,000 Arabs have lived as refugees with no place to go - olten without food or proper, nous' ing, mostly without work, And worst of all, until recent ly, virtually without hope. Amone the displaced, a whole new generation has be- oun life knowing nothing else About half of the refugees lire under 17 years of age. Even those who arc now in their later teens or early 20's Jiavc little or no memory of the homes in which they were born. The only thing that has made life bearable or even possible for these homeless ones nas been me care ana feeding provided them by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees (UNRWA). It has fed and housed them, established schools and hospitals for them, found work for some, tried to make some kind of life for all. Vole To Extend UNRWA The UN General Assembly voted Dec. 20 to extend the life of UNWRA until June 80, 1965. The United Slates resolution, approved 100-2, nlso called on the Palestine Conciliation Committee to continue seeking peace be tween Israel and the Arab countries, which would be an important element in any final solution of the refugees' plight. By the end of 1962 the cost of this gigantic mercy opera tion will have totalled, by United Nations figures, about $455,080,000. The United States has contributed rough ly 65 per cent of this, or $202 million. Britain's contribution lias been nearly $75 million. With the exception of Yugo slavia, the Communist stales have conlributcd nothing. The host Arab stales - Jor dan, Lebanon, Syria and the :.U vH- Ik r. If ; j m RECEIVE MEAL Children receive i hot mid-day meal at this Dobaych Champ, Leb anon, food station. For 14 years, since they fled their homes in what is now the young Israeli nation, more than 1 million Arabs have lived as refugees with no place to go. 9 '- - 1 Mamma The only thing that has made life bearable or even possible for these homeless ones has been the care and feeding provided them by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Relief. (UPI) United Arab Republic - have contributed approxi m a t e 1 y $11,500,000 in cash and some $45 million in such direct services as providing water and land, and police, educa tional and medical services. The balance of roughly $32 million has come from about 40 other regularly contribut ing UN member countries. About 44 per cent of the total cost has been spent pro viding 870,000 of the refugees with food at 10 cents per day. There are In all, today, nearly 1,200,000 registered refugees. The UAR-occupied Gaza strip holds 265,000; Jordan has 633,000; Lebanon 143,000 and Syria 121,000. The exact num ber of refugees is not known since there arc others, un counted and not under UN RWA care, in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Aden and the trucial Shickhdoms of Qatar, Oman and Abu Dhabi. The approximately o n e third of the refugees who do not depend on food handouts are self - supporting. A few were former professional peo ple in Palestine - doctors, law yers, teachers. But most of the "self-supporting" scratch a hard living as day laborers There are a minority who work as skilled clerks, store assistants and the like. What is to become of these people? Grapple With Problem This is the problem with which the United Nations has been grappling since 1948 against the unending - and also virtually insoluble-background of bitter Israeli-Arab strife. None of the problems that sent the refugees fleeing from their homes in the first place has been settled. The one thing the UN has done is improve considerably the condition of the refugees. They are fed and housed, they are provided clothing. There are schools, hospitals and med ical centers, workshops and playgrounds. V his is progress, is not salvation, but many who fled from their homes and farms with little more than the clothes on their backs. The United Nations sees some hope for turning the ex plosive problem of the Arab refugees into a spearhead of progress throughout the Mid dle East, by giving them training and schooling. As it is now, there is a real threat to Middle East peace - even world peace posed by more than one million restless, homeless Arabs cast adrift in countries that offer them little more than asylum. Turn From Homeland In human terms the educa tion and health programs are turning many disinherited "unemployable" peasants away from their own land Into cadres of skilled workers who gradually are being wel comed into factories and busi nesses as the Middle East edges slowly forward into in dustrialized 20lh century life. The major problem now is the middle aged and old among the rclugccs. These cannot be trained to a new Californians Looking Forward To Smog Controlling Devices Commercial and public transportation firms also were expecting stale deadlines with which to conform to use of the control devices. Robert M. Barsky, public in formation officer of the air pollution control district (AP CD), said air pollution caused by sources oilier than automo biles, were almost negligible. Hydrocarbons dumped into the atmosphere by cars totaled about 1,500 tons a day, Bar sky said. But when the APCD was formed in 1947, stationary sources of smog also present ed a problem to experts de voted to "cleaning up" the Los Angeles atmosphere. Rubbish, industry and emis sions from petroleum manu facture and processing were the largest contributors to air pollution next to the automo bile. Since 1947, the "rubbish problem is completely under control, Bursky said. Laws forbid open burning dumps, clearing liud by burning and Incinerators. All cities In Los Angeles county agreed to eliminate municipal incinera tors and the single chamber Incinerator was outlawed. As a result, all rubbish presently is being disposed of by burial. Attack Pollution Problem The APCD alliiekecl the in dustrial air pollution problem by insisting firms install con trol equipment, such as float ing roots on petroleum stor age tanks. Petroleum processing plants have set up sulphur recovery requiring anti-smog devices on i about 1100 tons of sulphur from By MYRAM BORDERS United Press International Los Angeles-WPll- Among the things Californians ore looking forward to this new year is compulsory smog con trol devices on new automo biles. That is especially true in this metropolis of smog and freeways. After months of talk, the air pollution control district, slate motor vehicle pollution control board, legislators and automotive manufacturers agreed on a device designed to reduce contaminating ele ments in auto exhaust. But experts admit It would not solve the problem entire ly and certainly not immed-, lately. The device is not 100 per cent effective and there arc many contributors to sinng other than vehicle exhaust. From Two Directions Experts approached the auto smog control device from two directions ... the crank case and the exhaust. One approach is a simple tube which directs fumes from the crank case back into the carburetor for reburning. This is the system which will be required equipment on !)(:) cars sold in California. The other approach Involves mounting a device on the ex haust pipe, perhaps in place of the muffler, to burn out hydrocarbons. Or the mechan ism can use a catalyst to ab sorb a required amount of carbon monoxide and hydro carbons. Attempts to control eye irri taling smog caused by cars will lake its first giant step in 1963, backed by legislation new cars. Plans for requiring similar controls on old and used cms were being worked out by the slate motor vehicle pollution control board. Enforcement of such laws probably would be the atmosphere daily, said Rnrsky. It is reused for mak ing chemicals. Vapor controls also have been ordered tor loading tank trucks. Another smog source is the power pmnts. Law forbids the vcmber 15. Natural gas Is used during that lime. When the APCD predicts moderate to heavy eye irritation from smog during November to March, power plants volun tarily revert to natural gas. Eventually, smog control Ing agencies hope to require the burning of nalural gus all year long by power plants. But before that can happen, additional natural gas must be piped info Southern California. Applicators Course Slated in Valley A pesticide applicators shorl course will be held Monday, Jan. 7, at 1:15 p.m. at the Jackson county cxlen sion auditorium at the lair grounds south of Medford. J. D. Patterson, Oregon stale department of agricul ture, chief chemist, Bob Every, Oregon State univer sity entomologist, and Dr. A. Erin Merkel, Jackson county Public health officer, will be on the program lo answer questions regarding the safe and proper use of pesticides. Oregon laws pertaining to or affecting use of agricul tural chemicals also will be discussed. "The meeting's purpose is to better acquaint applicators wilh their responsibility lo the public and liabilities aris ing from misuse of agricul tural chemicals." according to Don Berry, county extension agent. Examinations for the 1963 Oregon slate pesticide appli cator's license will be given at the end of the meeting. All interested people are Invited lo attend. aided by making Ihe devices ; burning of fuel oil at Mich prerequisite to registration, plants from April 15 to No- The ONLY Time-Tested GLASS FIREPLACE SCREEN Enjoyed by Thousands In the Rogue River Valley RADIATES MAXIMUM HEAT e HIMINAIES OOM MEAT lOSS. SAVES rUEl HOTECTS AGAINST riYINO SFASKS. ASHES OUT AND OIAPTS TWIN 0OO1S OHH WIPE EO EASY IOADINQ O' rUll CONTHOt DRAFT WIlH TWO SlID ING DOG-US '0 EAST 01 SlOW IHE e SOIIO MASS CONSUUCTION, Sf AUTY UNHIAIn ni luAtit.uni -if",-jf IN USE WINTEI AND SUMMEI J...vr , UIN WOOD, COAL 01 GAS PHONE 772-7166 SMITH LUMBER CO. Corner 8th end Fir Sit. Dennis the Menace 5 rwT life, and it is they who tic pend most on charity for their very existence. What prevents any final solution of the problem of the refugees is the existence of a state of war between Israel and her Arab neighbors. A virtual battle of extermina tion between Jews and Arabs closed out British rule over Palestine in 1948. No peace treaty followed the 1949 ar mistice and bolh sides still live ready to fight. For 14 years, Arab - Israel border clashes or aerial duels occur almost weekly, and there have been major outbreaks, as during the "Suez War" in 1956. Expected To Return When the refugees first fled Palestine, they expected to return within weeks be hind Arab armies sworn lo sweep the Jews and their state into '.no sea. But the Arabs were held back. The in volvement of Western and Communist powers - which strengthened and supported the Israelis on the one hand and armed and encouraged the Arabs on the other - height ened the existing Arab-Israeli military stalemate. Today Israel is a thriving nation and, although 'he Arabs still refuse to recognize its existence and negotiate peace, the outlook for the refugees to go back to an "Arab" homeland in Palestine is bleak indeed. The UN's role is as much a holding operation as it is one of rehabilitation. The Suez episode alone showed the risk of world war inherent in the continuing Arab - Israel con flict. When France and Britain intervened in the Israeli at tack on Egypt the Soviets countered by threatening to rain rockets on Paris and Lon don. The United States urged restraint and UN troops were rushed between the opposing Arab and Israeli armies in the Gaza area. Peace had been preserved. But so was the stalemate which seals the fate of the refugees. The question Is asked why the refugees cannot be re settled in the Arab lands, or absorbed into their popula tions. For one thing the refu gees cling to the dream of one day going back to their own homes. They have shown no enthusiasm for resettlement. But neither have their host nations, already burdened by population and economic problems. They explain that any such action would com promise the status of the homeless ones as political refugees and weaken their claim to their former homeland. Thus the choice to the UN I was either to simply turn 'he refugees loose to fend for ! themselves which patently was impossible, or caring for them while training the younger generation to earn their own livings and even tually make their way In the world. The vast majority of Pales tine refugees were unskilled laborers, holders of small farms, or herders. Another 30,000 were Nomadic Bedouin tribesmen. Became More Healthy Under UNRWA care the refugees have, by and large, become more healthy than the averige citizen in the host countries. They live longer, and their birth rate has in creased. This has continually added .30,000-a-year to the numbers of unemployed. In 1960 UNRWA launched a three-year program to pro vide as many of the young as possible with an education and job training. Under its program UNRWA has established 11 higher training institutions and sub sidized several others. By mid 1963 these institutions are scheduled to graduate some 2,200 skilled workers an nually. UNRWA runs or sub sidized about 400 general schools attended by more than 180,000 refugee children. The existing training cen ters for men provide instruc tion in 20 main trades as well as training in Arabic, English and mathematics. For girls UNRWA has established at Ramallah, Jordan, a teaching and vocational school for 600 students. This is a pioneer effort in the Middle East where the idea of a girl learn ing a trade to support herself was unhe.iro of up to a few years ago. UNRWA officials say the training programs are highly successful. They report that 90 per cent of graduates from UNRWA training centers find work immediately. . 1 Only 4.400 out of the 30, 000 who become adults each year benefit from the pro gram. But UNRWA believes it is on the right track and, until real peace comes to the Mid dle'East, the people being sal vaged from the enormous: ref ugee pool will help to build a better lit"! for future generations. Wealimm It It DRAPERY MATERIAL By The Yard or Bolt DRASTIC REDUCTIONS W NOW Casement Cloth 4.00 2.00 Antique Satin 3. SO 2.2S Nubby Material ..... 2. 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