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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 27, 1962)
THUHSUAi. "Everyone tn Southern Oregon Reads The Mul Tribune" fubllihed billy encept Saturday by 33 North FrJH, PrfcJM-ettt " ROBERT W FtOHL. Editor HERB GREY Advertlins Manager r.rRAt.n T LATHAM. Bua Met ERIC W ALLEN JR. Mne. Editor EARL H ADAMS. Lily tailor UARnv rmi'MAN. Teles Editor RICHARD JEWKTT, Spurts Editor OLIVE STARCHER Women ! Editor DALE ERICK5UN. uircuiauon otbi in Inripnenrtent NeWfDBDer Cnlercd ai hecond claw matter at Medloid. oreaon unoer aci oi March 3. 1897 SUBSCRIPTION RATES 'Dally and Sunday I year fiaMM Daily and hunnay o mm iu.uu Dailv and Sunday 3 moa 3.00 Sunday Only One year SJ.no Single Copy (Mailed! J00 By Camel And Motor Route. Dailv and Sunday I year $21-00 Dailv and Sunday 1 mo I 73 Sunday Only 1 mo. 30c Carrlei andendorl - Jopy 10c Official Piper of City of Medford Official JPaperol Jackson County UnVted Press International Full Leased Wire U. P I Tclephoto Newsplcturea "member or" aodit'bureau" Or C'RCULATiuna iJ..Hlclna nnrnntative NELSON ROBERTS & ASSOCt. ATES Ol'lcea In New Vork. Chi cago Detroit. San Francisco. Loa Aneelea Seattla. Portland Den-er. NATIONAL I0ITOHIAL 1 hc8T,gN WL1 nnmnaanni Flight o' Time Medford and Jackson County History from the files o) The Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40 ind 50 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO Doc. 27, 1952 (Friday) Rialto theater, opened to the public in 1017, will close its doors permanently, due to lack of western-type films and increasing compe ti 1 1 o n of drive-in theaters. County assessor's staff will stay on to assist Assessor elect Robert G. Fowler; staff includes fowlers opponent, Chief Deputy Assessor An. drew Hawver. 20 YEARS AGO Dec. 27, 1942 (Wednesday) Rogue River National for est officials receive orders to increase work week from 44 to 48 hours because of short age of staff members caused by war. From Arthur Perry's "Ye Smudge Pot" column: "In po lite circles, It Is regarded as 'highly offensive" to Hitler to call him 'Mr. Sclilckcigru ber.' Impolite circles have a name for him, Just as offen sive, and accurate besides." 30 YEARS AGO Dec. 27, 1932 (Friday) Total of 28 traffic accidents reported in Medford during December. Searchers find no trace of airplane believed to have crashed In Dead Indian area cast of Ashland. 40 YEARS AGO Dec. 27, 1922 (Saturday) District Attorney Rawles Moore under quarantine at his home after children contract mild case of diphtheria. Famed wrestler "Strangle!-" Lewis slates tentative date for match in Medford. 50 YEARS AGO Dec. 27, 1912 (Monday) Large number of Medford residents leave for annual niid-winlcr Junket to San Francisco and Los Angeles aboard "special electric light ed" train. Six out of eight road dis tricts in Jackson county vote special levies for new road construction during 1013. What's Your I.Q.? Nine or ten correct it superior; seven or eight is eacellcnt; tivo ef sii is good. 1. A quarlrr section of land is made up nf how many acres' 2. Which stale was settled first. Florida, Massachusetts or Delaware? 3. What is the area of a triangle which has a base of three f i rt and an altitude of five feet? 4. If one walks one tnilr at the rale of two miles per hour, and rides four miles at eight miles per hour, how long will it take to go 5 milcv.' 5. With what type of cases does an appellate court deal? 8. How many cubic feet are there in a cord? 7. What city in thu U. S. la known as the largest rail road center? 8. Who wrote the "Just So" stories? B. Land resting between crops is called what 10, Under w hat Federal De pnrtnient is the Bureau of Public Roads' i Answarsi 1. ICO acrtt, 2. Florida. 3. 7'j square fast.! 4. Ont hour. S. Appeals from lower courts. 6, 121 cubic i feel. 7. Chicago. I. Rudyard Kipling. I. Fallow. 10. Do-' pnrtmeni of Commtrct. 4 A wa1iociaiion UtCi.Mot.ri il. 14M Birth Control Poll The San Francisco polls its readers on questions of public impor tance, to find out how they feel. The most recent poll concerned the issues of birth control, and the results were printed yester day. The poll isn't very scientific, being a random sampling and limited to those sufficiently inter ested to respond. But the results are interesting, nonetheless. The first question pointed out that the State of Illinois will provide birth control information and contraceptive devices to mothers and married women on relief. Of those answering the "Do you approve?" question, 95 per cent said yes; 4 per cent said no. e LJEAVY majorities also approved U.S. gov ernment assistance to nations that request birth control information and supplies, and the use of birth control information in public schools. Ninety four per cent control is necessary to offset threats of increased poverty, hunger and warfare; 59 per cent said population control is needed to oppose the spread ot communist exploitation of misery; and 'i3 per cent thought population control is needed to minimize the chances of war. The paper didn't say how many responses it had to its poll, except to say there was "an excep tionally large number ot TIHETHER this is a ' tion of the beliefs cannot, of course, be known. But it is an indica tion, which is supported more Americans are coming to regard birth con trol both as moral and proper, as well as nee essary. It also means they talk about it than in the hush topic, along with such taboos as illigitimacy ana venereal disease. The Chronicle commented editorially: "... The Government of the United Stales retains the ancient diffidence where official action in the area is concerned; this it displayed last week by abstaining from a vote in the General Assembly on a proposal for United Nations dissemination of birth control in formation to nations requesting it. (The proposal was killed, 34 lo 34, with 32 abstentions.)" JMOST physicians are prepared to impart birth control advice to their patients if requested. Some organizations, like the Planned Parenthood Foundation, do likewise. Druggists, if asked, can offer advice. But, in large part because it is an area where diffidence and ignorance are combined, vast num bers of people, even in the United States, are unaware how unwanted births can be prevented. The archaic birth control laws found in some parts of the nation, principally New England, were put on the books by early-day Protestant legislatures. But now, oddly, they are largely kept in force by Catholic pressures. DISCUSSIONS and implementation of birth control measures is further hampered by re ligious questions. The Roman Catholic church is opposed to birth control by "unnatural" methods, although there are signs that this attitude is soft ening just a bit. And it is plainly evident that many good Roman Catholics do not feel them selves bound by the church's attitude. Actually, the urirencv ing widely disseminated is less in the United States, where it CAN be obtained by anyone wish ing it, than it is in other major portions of the world, such as Latin America, where ignorance and clerical pressures have played a part in bring ing about the fastest-rising and in southeast Asia, where tradition, ignorance and illiteracy are the major problems. It would appear that only official agencies, such as the United Nations or the governments involved, are in any way equipped to do much about it. We strongly believe that the "official" atti tudes displayed so far are both short-sighted and, in light of the Chronicle's poll, wholly unrespon sive to the beliefs of the people of this nation. -E.A. Proposed Constitution The final report of the Oregon Constitution i Revision Commission has been completed and printed. Some :?,000 conies are now beinir dis-( tributed. Five single copies are available to any one requesting one from the Commission's office, Room ottO, Capitol Building. Salem, Ore. It is the commission's hope that it will be widely road and studied, For only if enough peo ple take an active interest in the proposed new document will it have any chance for passage. Copies of the report have been sent to circuit and district judges, public and private libraries, department heads, county offices, school librar ies, to the state libraries, governors ami supreme courts of the 50 states, and to major universities. THE report not only contains the text of the proposed new Constitution; it also includes explanatory matter approved by the 17-member commission to give its thinking concerning the various changes, why they were made, and'what eitect tlioy would have. i The commission was not unanimously in fa-, yor of all the changes, but was near-unanimous1 in recommending the document as a good one. worthy of serious consideration. We suggest that it receive study by all those interested in effective state government. E. A J Chronicle occasionally believe that population votes cast. fairly rough approxima- of the American people by others, that more and are more willing now to past, when it was a hush of such knowledge be birth rate in the world, MLDrOrtU "Just Between You And Me And The Saturday Evening Post" i Communications Letters to the Editor must bear the although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial lor publication is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with a view to clarification and condensation. Letters submitted tor publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters 0 inted in this column do not necessarily represent the views of the oaper; In fact the contrary is olten the case. Unjust UN To the Edtor: Arnold Eu gene Jenny (MT 12-23-62), among other things, feels the role of the United Nations in the recent Cuban crisis was "indispensible." Well, the So viet Union vetoed any action in the Security Council; the question never even reached the "talking" stage in the General Assembly; U Thant traveled lo Cuba and was quickly slapped down: outside of this. President Kennedy prudently avoided the UN. He knew decisive action was needed immediately, and such action could not be expected from the UN. Instead he turn ed to NATO and OAS -here he obtained the needed, im mediate and virtually total support. Now there was a certain amount of information marie public throughout the world through the vivid demtnstra tions seen on TV; but even A. E. Jenny will admit this kind of information can be spread world-wide, through the means of a little satellite in outer space. The point to be made is that when it comes to needed action that bene fits the Western interests (se curity), and especially the in terests and security of the United States the UN is im potent, Mr. Jenny made reference to the Congo and Katanga. Here the.UN is in direct vio lation of its own Charter. All of Mr. Jenny's ra,:onaliza tions aside; if the UN wants to justify its intervention in Katanga, it must change its Charter to allow it. and this the UN will not do. Its actions in Katanga are "aggressive'' not "peace keeping." But just imagine what would be the result of spending the $150 million a year (needed ' sup port UN aggressive military action), on wise economic pro grams for the Central govern ment in the Congo: There would be no loss of blood; no more bombing of hospitals, etc.; the Congolese would be put on sound financial foot ing - and immense prestige would be reaped by a dying United Nations. Tshombe of Katanga has chosen to refuse to submit to unjust aggression of the UN forces. For such courage U Thant is Insisting Tshombe be crushed, and sorrowfully, the United States seems re signed to help slump out an other ally. Robert J. Howard, 702 Bcekman st , Medford Brotherhood ; io me cniun. .in. uoii,iad that never has known still clings to his pet phobia. I nuu.h f.,,Pdl)m , ncv(T c;m explaining away the opinions kmm. Bnv frccdom as ,ni! of others as a result of Micir it ., jn tm, Krip (,r thp personal phobias. "Physician mn!,,or wnosf. hold llpoIl jt heal Thyself." As for the re- w.s )l!n,or,cd hv the lac0 marks of Mrs. Henderson and . at ,,p p,;,v n( pjR5 Mr. Weaver, they were rele vant and to the point. Taxes In arrears are quite common, but here in Jackson county wc have a sheriffs de partment which can and dors enforce lawful ordinances. Where is the sheriff's de partment of the UN? The mouse has squeaked and now the bear will pay his luxes. Or will he? Don't hold your breath until he does. sir. And don't hand me tint old cliche about world opinion, which our stale department is so busy bowing to. Russia show ed us what she thought of world opinion when she com menced nuclear le-ting dur ing the meeting of so-called "non-aligned nations." Yugo slavia, one of Ihoso "non aligned nations" afler 14 years and two billion dollars of aid is ' still communist aligned, if the back-slapping in Moscow recently is any indication C o in nitmiMS al- wa stick together and their MAIL 1 mount.. McurUrtU. OHLUuN name and address of the writer, aim, as always is world domi nation. Their only differences are how to go about it. I have re-read the article on the F.A.O. In the Novem ber Readers Digest. It illus trates my former remark about the some good which the UN has done. Since you have that copy of the Readers Digest I think you should read the article on page 169, from which I quote, "Senator Dodd expressed their views when he called for, 'an America that recognizes the present cold-war conflict as the supreme crises of western civilization, that sees the com munists as an implacable foe totally dedicated to our de struction'." So, Mr. Jenny, it appears that you are the one who has neglected his homework. Along this line I recommend a subscription to National Review. A good dictionary liberal ought lo explore both sides of the issues, not merely the one he favors. You must feel that I'm not only irrelevant but irreverent as well since you question the genuineness of my profession of brotherhood. As you must know that in order to be brothers, men must have the same father. It is obvious that I cannot be a brother to those who reject the Father and treat his fellow human beings contrary to the words and example of Jesus Christ. I strongly doubt the sincerity of the advocate of any broth erhood which accepts at face value the lies and deceptions of world communism. James K. Shafer Route 2. Box 210X Medford. In the Day's News By FRANK JENKINS As this is written (on Mon day), there can be no doubt as lo the Big Slory. Especially if you watched last night the landing of the first mercy plane and the discharge of its cargo ot ransomed Cuban boys who were laken prison ers at the ill-starred battle of the Bay of Pigs a year and a half ago. It was a never-to-be-forgotten picture. There was the overflowing joy and relief ot those whose boys were back in a land whose people are FREE. There was the heart break in the faces of those whose boys were not on that first plane. And there was the tragedy of Ihe millions rpmaininir in njs glamorously beautiful is- HOW W freed? ERE these boys They wrre ransomed. That brings back the long slory of the Barbary pirates. They captured men and ships. They held them for ransom. Each successful ransoming enterprise led to other ran soming enterprises The business of capturing and holding for ransom was made profitable by the fact that it was cheaper for the great nations of Europe to pay the ransom than to go to war and wipe up the Barbary Pirates. Ii continued until a young and bold nation sent In a young and bold leader who wiped up the Barbary Firatt'S and put an end to the shame ful business. The then young and bold nalion was the Uni led Sut.-s of America and the young ard bold leader was .Stephen Decatur. Neutral Afro-Asians Negotiations Favoring Communist China By PHIL NEWSOM UPI Foreign News Inalyst In hot and steamy Colom bo, Ceylon, representatives of six Afro-Asian countries were seeking a cooling solu tion to the Sino - Indian border war. At the close of their three- t i? d a y meeting I 1 ear'y this I jji 1 month they is eoA leaaj u e d a re- newiom m a r k a b 1 e statement which could only lend comfort to the Red Chin ese. Represented at this meet ing of self-appointed peace makers were Ceylon, Cam bodia, Burma, Indonesia, Ghana and the United Arab Republic. El Matter of Fact sy lei New York Herald THOSE AWFUL PLEASURES Avon. Conn. - lUPb - Her hair would be streaming be hind her. She would be wear ing only a thin night gown for she had sur prisingly lit tle p h y sical modesty, con sidering her Victorian bringing up. She would he brandishing a covered with Alsnp horse collar sleigh bells, with a power to Strictly Personal By Sydney J. Harris ie Field Enterprises Inc. PERSONAL PREJUDICES Of all the human reactions, laughter has the broadest range of feelings-it can sig nify the deepest sympathy with, or the greatest scorn for, the kindness that includes ourself in the laughter, or the sadism that sets us apart and above. The sad paradox of pub lic Ufa is that democracy degrades statesmen into politicians, while autocracy hardens them into despots; into those who try loo hard to pander lo the popular taste, or into those who ig nore and condemn ihe pub lic needs. The striking difference In the mortality rate between men and women (in which women are much less apt to succumb to such diseases of stress as heart attacks) is largely explainable, to my mind, by the fact that women can relieve their stress by con tiding anxieties to women friends, while men common ly have no such release from tension. Why do children seem to "catch" the bad habits of their associates, and never their good habits: or. at the larger question in moral philosophy, why do vices, like disease, seem to be contagious, while virtues, like good health, are not? One of the most astute ob servations in social psychol ogy was made by Emerson, when he said: "Society is a masked ball, where everyone hides his real character - and reveals it by hiding." Translation is the most treacherous of endeavors; to translate any language properly, we must know not only the bare "mean ing" of words, but their overtones and undertones: I remember a sign in Eng lish I saw in the window of a Parisian dress shop some years ago: "Gowns for Street Welking." Genuine repcnlcnce is a rare emotion; most o' us re pent the discovery of oi mis deed, not the misdeed itself; and the true test of character, a someone has said, is what we would do if assured that we would never be found out. When we are young, we desire desperately to be loved "tor ourself"; as we grow older, we learn that if we are loved it is often "despite ourself." Zealousncss is a passion that can be controlled and directed only by wise men: but. unfortunately, it is found mostly in fools. (Which re minds me of Siintayana's apt definition of a "fanatic" as "a man who redoubles his ef forts after he has lost sight of his goal.") There is no modern equiv- lent for that fine old ar chaic description of cer tain type of young man as is "whippersnapper." 1. ' : lP, Nowhere in the closing statement was there a men tion of Communist aggression. Rather, the six called upon the disputants to settle their quarrel and thus preserve the peace and non-alignment of Asia and Africa. They suggested negotia tions be undertaken on a basis which would restore territory to India in the north east but which would require India to agree to a demilitar ized buffer zone in the west. Such an agreement would leave the Chinese in virtual control of the Ladakh area of Kashmir. Indian Prime Minister Nehru's reaction was understandably cool. Red China's massive attack against border areas tradi tionally claimed by India stirred fear throughout South east Asia and the statement Joseph Alsop Tribune Syndicate drown the noise of a whole herd of reindeer. "Merry Christmas, Merry Christmas. Time for stock ings! Time for stockings!" she would cry.- And with this reveille at 6:30 a.m. (in the pitch darkness of the early winter morning) the old Christmases at the farm used to begin. Christmas, as one grows older, is always a ghost-haunted time. This loving, life enhancing grandmotherly fig ure from Christmas past is a memory so vivid that she all but belongs to Christmas present, even though, thank God, Christmas present does not begin before dawn. The memory is puzzling, too, for she so obviously enjoyed rousing the whole house to the eager, greedy bustle of Christmas morning. 1?-HE children loved the pre--- dawn start; the other grown-ups, one is justified in suspecting, did not really like it at all. Then why did she, the oldest of the grown-ups of that long past time, visibly take such intense pleasure in her role as the unique hcar ald of Christmas Day, whose bell call, so to say, was the great day's official grand opening? Her enjoyment, it is clear, did not flow from an indis criminate capacity to enjoy anything. In fact she was the inventor of a valuable phrase, which can be strongly recom mended to those who are wise enough to try to distinguish between real enjoyment and the synthetic brand. Rather plaintively, she would speak of "those awful pleasures." For her, the awful pleas ures were the highly formal ized, semi-public amusements of the rich people of her day. She loved picnics, innocent parlor games, and charades above all, large, jolly, con versational parties of all sorts, and people of any kind except pompous people. But she did not like dressing up and showing off. IROM this list, it can be seen that one man's (or one woman's) awful pleasures may be another's ecstacies of delight. All parlor games, how ever brilliant and complex or childish and happy, seem to this reporter amusements in vented in a suburb of hell, whereas any picnic, even with ants in the stuffed eggs and sand in the salad, is intense ly pleasurable if shared with other true picnic-lovers (a spe cial, particularly amiable branch of the human race, one must add). Then, too. pleasures that bnce were real, like that pre dawn rising for Christmas Day at the ase of eight or nine, may become the very opposite of pleasurable when one gets too far from the age of eight or nine. And other pleasures, that once seemed truly awful, quite suddenly become intense and real. Shooting, for instance, tends to be an awful pleasure if you are so astimatic you cannot hit the side of a barn and have no special appetite for intense physical discom fort. Then one day, with heavy heart, to please an over insistent host, you set out w ith the grim foreknowledge that all the warm things you have put on are not going to keep you warm enough: and quite suddenly, frostbite ceases to matter. The birds remotely calling and coming In against an iron sky; the cold pale light on the water of the marshes: the somber autumn colors grad ually emerging from the dark monochrome that first meets the eye these things work their magic. What was an awful pleasure becomes a memorable enchantment. IN THE same fashion, mere ly pretty buildings and ob jects lose their power to en chant, and a maturing taste de mands an element of magic, or splendor, or haunting evo cation. And this magic may well be mingled with another Suggest Border issued by the six was re flection of that fear. For if India could not de fend herself, then how could she help others? If the proposals put for ward by the six neutrals were not an invitation to peace at any price, they were at least close to it. When President Kennedy described Red China as this decade's greatest threat to world peace, he voiced an opinion held by many. In Colombo, the neutrals were expressing the fear that the present Chinese cease-fire along the disputed border merely is a breather, a wait ing period for the time when weather and supplies are Today & Tomorrow By Walter Lippmann (cl New York Herald Tribune Syndicate THE PACT OF NASSAU The Pact of Nassau makes two main points. One is that no European nation can af ford to build an independ ent n u c 1 e ar force. The sec ond point that, neverthe less, the art of making nu ll 1 e a r weap ons, the know how and the facilities, Lippmann should be maintained and not allowed to die out in Britain and in France. As this is written we do not know for certain that Great Britain will accept the agreement, and it seems un likely that France will accept it. For it is true that the pact is a formal ratification of the American contention, which is that the command of the nuclear forces of the Alliance cannot be divided. What is more, in view of the overwhelming American preponderance, there can in fact be no such thing as truly independent national 'orces or, though this is somewhat fudged in the telling, a Euro pean NATO force which is independent of the United States. rTHE American prcponder--- ance may be good or bad. But it is a fact which cannot in the foreseeable future be changed very much. Taking the figures which Mr. Dean Acheson uses in the current sort of discomfort almost as acute as the discomfort of a duck blind for who can be truly comfortable in the presence of a superb remind er of a cruel cult, like the great man - cradling, tiger formed ancient Chinese bronze in the Sumitomo col lection, or the oddly similar earliest Central American sculptures, by the old Olmecs, of man cradling, strangely grinning jaguars? For each person, then, aw ful pleasures and true pleas ures are differently marked off, according to the individ ual's age and experience and bent and formalion. Yet one rule always holds. True pleas ure always demands effort whether physical effort, or effort of understanding, or ef fort to participate, or. in the humble case of really good bread, the simple effort of mastication. From Christmas past to Olmec sculpture, it is a very long way indeed. Yet no one who has gone through many Christmases can fail to think about the vexing problem of awful pleasures versus real pleasures. So much in Christ mas ought to be awful. But maybe the rule is that when the very young take real pleasure, it becomes real for everyone. Maybe that explains the enthusiasm in that long - ago ringing of sleighbclls De - fore first light. AFTER-CHRISTMAS PRICES SLASHED "It's dumb public relations early, then they penalise f'ejr I . J l flv - jf,vW3 f- right for another lunge south ward China, whether under the) emperors or the Reds, never! has recognized as permanent ly lost any territory it once held. And jusl as the Reds have attempted to cloak in legality their border aggression against India, the same argu ment might be used for the whole of Ladakh, regardless of any cease-fire or a demili tarized zone. Ladakh once was part of Tibet, now incorporated into Red China. Chinese conquest of Ladakh would give them the Zoji La pass, where an all weather road leads straight Into India. "Foreign Affairs," the United States will this year spend on nuclear weapons alone as much (SIS billion) as all the European NATO countries combined are spending on all their defenses. The British, who have worked hard and have spent a good deal of money, have, achieved a nuclear capacity which may be about 2 per cent of the American. Their nuclear power, which is car ried by manned bombers, i. or will very soon be Incapabla of penetrating the Soviet air defenses. France, which Is not so ad-" vanced as Britain, r.ay in a few years succeed in making herself the nuclear equal of Britain today. If all goes well, France will have another 2 per cent of the American ca pacity. But in a very few years the French force, which consists of manned bombers, will be obsolete. Ic is misleading to talk ot such small forces as independ ent. Even a European NATO force drawing on all the wealth and resources of Eu rope would in a good many years possibly reach 10 per cent of the American force today. Is it conceivable that such a force could independ ently make a nuclear slrika against the Soviet Union with out the full cooperation of the American 90 per cent? The initiative in and the veto on the use of nuclear weapons is unavoidable and necessary, given the facts as they are. 'THE hard facts of the silua-- tion sound unpleasant, par ticularly when an American stresses them. It would ba better if on both sides of the Atlantic we could coive to treat the hard facts not as the end of the story but as the beginning. Within the terms of the Pact of Nassau it will be quite feasible to develop' an intimate partnership in science, technology, c::pertise,: production facilities, training,' planning, targeting strategy, and the formulation of mili tary doctrine. Apparently, be cause both Britain and France are already nuclear powers, this partnership would not re quire an amendment of the Atomic Energy Act. Looked at this way. which is I believe the way tlv Pact is meant to be looked at, Brit ain and France would be giv ing up nothing more than an illusion, thai in the Western Alliance a very small nuclear force could in fact be inde pendent of the preponderant nuclear force. In place of the illusion of independence they would gain a close partner ship in the development and the planning of the prepon derant force of the Allian-e." On reflection, this nay not be so unattractive to our Eu ropean allies. They would be trading independent forcer which do not now exist for 1 participation in the planning 1 and development of forces I which in fact do exist. - first they urge you to shop you for not waiting longer." I fLfill i