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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 8, 1962)
MONDAY. OCTOBER 8. 1962 MLDf'OHD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON ritTT " ' '. .' ' CIVIL The Invasion of Kentucky By MERTON T. AKERS UP1 Correspondent Like the French king who marched his army up the hill and then marched it down again, Confederate Gen. Brax ton Bragg invaded Kentucky in the fall of 1862 and then retraced his steps. The French king and Bragg came out about the s a m e. Bragg fought one battle to a standoff and then retired from what seemed to be a better than 50-50 chance for victory. The only tangible military re sult was a big haul of Federal equipment. He threw a good scare into cities along the Ohio river, notably Cincinnati and Louisville, but it was nnlv a scare. His companion Confederate general on the invasion, Ed mund Kirby Smith, fared bet ter. He won a Dame hiiu chased the Union troops from fnmherland Gap Bragg and Kirby Smith started their invasion of Ken tucky in August, 1862. Bragg moved from Chattanooga, Tcnn., with about 40,000 men, skirting cast of Nashville, Tcnn., the capital, which Fed erals held. Kirby Smith started from IT'S SNOW'S FOR THOSE WHO WANT THE BEST CLAM FLAVOR Knoxville, Tcnn., with 21,000 men. He sent 9,000 to clean out the Federal garrison at Cumberland Gap. Pickings were slim for Kirby Smith's men across southern Ken tucky. A long drought made water scarce. The army lived mostly on apples, roasting ears and salt, a large quantity of which they captured at Barbourville, Ky. . Climbed Big Hill On Aug. 29, 1862, the army climbed Big Hill and before it lay the Kentucky Bluegrass region, the "promised land for them. A few miles north near Richmond, Ky., Kirby Smith's cavalry ran into Union re sistance about sundown and the troopers were forced back on the infantry. The Union troops belonged to the command of William Nelson, major general and for mer naval officer. 'Ardent, loud-mouthed and violent," a fellow officer described him. He was 6 feet 5 inches tall and weighed about 300 pounds. That night he was in Lexing ton, Ky., about 20 miles north of Richmond. His force con sisted of two small divisions of green troops, some of whom had been in active service for only three days. The two brig adiers in command were late ly out of civilian life. The new brigadiers put up good fight against Kirby Smith's veterans oh the morn ing of Aug. 30 but by noon, when Nelson arrived from Lexington, they were retreat ing. He rallied the shaky troops on a ridge and paraded in front of them as Rebel bullets whizzed past. If they can't hit me they can't hit anything," he assured his troops, his bulk making big target. Fled in Disorder 'Our troops stood about three rounds when, struck by panic, they fled in utter dis order," he reported later. He was wrong about Con federate marksmanship. He was hit twice but escaped. The Battle of Richmond was virtually a clean sweep for Kirby Smith's men. They killed 206 Federals, wounded 844 and captured 4,303 along with nine guns, the whole Union wagon train with its stores and 10,000 small arms. What few Union troops es caped scattered into the hills. Kirby Smith lost 78 killed 372 wounded and one mising The Confederates entered Lexington Sept. 2 and were cheered. The next day they reached Frankfort, the capi tal. While Kirby Smith was in vading eastern Kentucky, Bragg had moved north from Chattanooga and had entered Kentucky above Gainsboro, Tenn. Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, commander of the Union army in Tennessee, marched paral lel to Bragg to the west, pro tecting Nashville. THREATENED BASE Bragg beat Buell into Ken tucky and threatened Bowling Green, a Federal supply base. Leaving enough men in Nash ville to defend it, Buell raced for Bowling Green. He arrived there one day after Bragg reached Glasgow, 35 miles to the cast. That put Bragg a little closer to Louisville than Buell perhaps one day's march. The Confederates were in a good spot at Glasgow. If Bueli continued north toward flank. If Buell cared to attack, his extended army on the flank. If Buell cared to attack Bragg held a good battle posi tion. Neither event happened. But the unexpected was pre cipitated by Confederate Brig. Gen. James R. Chalmers. His brigade was on outpost duty at Cave City, 10 miles north west of Glasgow. He made contact with some of Kirby Smith's cavalrymen who had cut the railroad north of Mun- fordville, isolating a Federal garrison on the south bank of the Green river across from Mundfordvillc. The Union commander refused to surren der to the Confederate caval ry. Would Chalmers help the Cavalry? He would. Without notifying Bragg, jf: lis "VjF, l. . . I, .if I yiv.ra iprKZT nmfvipv ; I i iiira i -ii iiiiiH -iti'i 1 rr nnvri-n-eel Humor's the Thing Making Every Candidate a Comedian Would Attract Attention of Voters Johnson Overboard FORCED TO RETREAT Like the French king who marched up the hill and then marched down again, Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg, left, invaded Kentucky in the fall of 1862, then was forced to retrace his steps. Bragg fought only one battle to a standoff. The only tangible result of his part in the invasion was a big haul of Federal equipment, His companion General on the invasion, Edmund Kirby Smith, center, fared better. He won a battle and chased the Federal troops from Cumberland Gap. Union Gen. Don Carlos Buell, right, com mander of the Union Army of Tennessee, swung his forces north and won the race to the Ohio river and marched into Louis ville; Ky. Bragg laid his failure to fight against Buell to a shortage of supplies, but most historians believe that he was incap able of moving when the chips were down. (UPI) Chalmers attacked the out post and was beaten off. He tried another angle. He noti fied Col. J. T. Wilder, of the 17th Indiana Volunteers, the Federal commander, that Bragg's whole army was close behind. Wilder might as well surrender "to avoid further bloodshed." Wilder replied that "if you want to avoid bloodshed keep nut of the range of my guns." Chalmers concluded to do Just that, gathered up his 288 dead exactly four times Wilder's losses and report ed to Bragg, saying "I may have incurred censure at Headquarters for my action." He was right, he had. Bragg was furious. A battle at Mun fordville was no part of his plans. He moved his whole army against Wilder. By Sept. 16, Bragg was In position. Then he tried his hand at demanding surrender. Knowing Mai. Gen. Simon Buckner was in the Confed erate forces and that Buckner had a reputation as a man of honor, Wilder sent a flag of truce to Buckner and asked his advice about surrendering. Buckner was taken aback at this unconventional method of waging war and declined to advise Wilder. But he did show the Federal colonel 46 guns ready to reduce the out post. "I believe I'll surrender," Wilder said, and promptly did. Bragg listed the loot as 4, 267 prisoners, 10 guns, 5,000 rifles and horses, mules and ammunition. The Confederates again moved north, Buell keeping pace to the west and slightly behind. Twenty miles farther on, Bragg suddenly swung east over Muldraugh's Hill, be tween the Green river and the south fork of the Salt riv er, and away from Louisville. Won by Default Buell saw his opportunity and marched into Louisville without delay, his forces ar riving Sept. 24. Buell had won the race to the Ohio, largely by default, and the Ohio valley could re lax. Bragg moved to Bardstown, Ky. Kirby Smith still was in Frankfort, 40 air miles north east. Some Kcntuckiana cheered the invaders and fed them. But few were enthusiastic enough lo enlist. Why did Bragg let Buell get away without a fight? Why after a 600-mile march and with his army squarely across Federal communica tions, did he decline the chance which seemed so rosy? Bragg laid his failure to fight to a scarcity of supplies although his army was in the midst of a bountiful land. Most historians have con cluded Bragg simply could not act when the chips were down. By Oct. 1, Buell had re organized his forces in Louis ville and was moving again, this time south toward Bragg. Cardinal Guarded After Bomb Blast New York -IUPH- An around-the-clock police guard was as signed to Francis Cardinal Spellman, Roman Catholic archbishop of New York, after a bomb exploded outside the 73-ycar-old prelate's resi dence adjoining St. Patrick's Cathedral early Saturday. The blast blew out three windows at 1:40 a.m. and awakened the Cardinal in an other part of the building. It caused no injuries. By DICK WEST Washington -(UPD- If I were running for office this year, I d fire all of my political ad- v l s e r s and hire a gag writer. Humor is the t h i n g nowadays. Ev ery candidate a c o m e dian. An o f I i c e seeker, Demo cratic or Re publican, who WW isn't up on the latest Kennedy jokes can't count on his mother for sup port. Two new examples of the knee-slapping type of cam paign material now in vogue recently came to my attention. One is Rep. Otis Pike's "Blast Pike" press kit. The other is a game called "New Front ier." Pike, a New York Demo crat, sent around to the "op position press" in his district a set of instructions on how to attack him during his race for reelection. For one thing, he said, they should drop the slogan that was used against him in the last campaign - "Let's knock Pike off his peak." Pike said this was punk. Demonstrating that he is no piker, he offered the op position a new slogan, "There's something fishy about Pike." It remains lo be seen whether they will be sucker enough lo use it. I was still chuckling over Pike's pip when I came across the "new frontier" game displayed at a Republi can "I miss Ike" affair. It sent me into spasms of mirth. Or it may have been my rheu matism acting up. At any rate, "New Front ier" Is described as "the new est item to join the fad of spoofing the Kennedy admin istration." It seems to be a variation of "Monopoly" with a different slant. In "Monopoly," the object is lo create a financial empire and ruthlessly crush your competition. But in "New Frontier." everybody goes broke. Therefore, it is called "The game nobody can win." Unless I miss my guess, it also is a game nobody but Re publicans will play. Each player starts at a point labeled "seat of gov ernment" and identified with a rocking chair. He then goes around the board acquiring property. The properties bear such names as "Newsleak Maga zine," "Salinger's Natural Gas," "Billie Sol's Grain Si- Missing Man Feared Heart Attack Victim Roseburg, Ore. -lUPll-Oregon state police said Saturday they believe 66-year-old Herbert Warden Jr. suffered a heart attack after his car became stuck on a logging road 50 miles east of here Sept. 29. State police and Douglas county sheriffs officers con tinued their search for the missing man Saturday in the rugged timbered and brush covered reforested area near where his car was found a week ago. No Incidents Occur At Mississippi Game Jackson, Miss. -IlIPli- Univer sity of Mississippi students cheered lustily and waved Confederate flags as their rev ered rebels crushed Houston university here Saturday in a football game the Defense De partment banned from the strife-torn Oxford campus. "Everything went just fine," a spokesman for the re-enforced Jackson police department said. "It was perfect. There were no incidents at all." SLIGHTLY AHEAD Portland IUPB The West Coast Lumbermen's associa tion said Saturday output at Douglas fir sawmills is slight ly ahead of the first nine months of 1961, but down from the two previous years. Extra Work Made Easy! RENT Adding Machine Typewriter Calculator VOIGHT'S 8th i Grape 772-4100 los" and Motor.' No matter how much prop erty he acquires, the player finds that because of taxes and other factors he always loses money. The game ends when the Treasury acquires the funds of all the players. So there you have it, fellow voters. An indication of what all of us are in for during tha next few weeks. We may not like any of the candidates, but we should ba able to laugh all the way lo the polls. WILL AMERICA BE BEHIND THE aw"! America is the world's leader; in many fields in science anrij invention, in business andi trade, in moral influence on' world affairs. But can we hold' this lead? Only if we continue to rle-: velop the leaders that are needed to handle the problems America faces. But this may not be possible unless we back higher educa tion. Today colleges are in squeeze. Many face shortages, and in 10 years applicants will double. We need more and bet ter laboratories and many mora qualified teachers. HELP THE COLLEGE OF YOUR CHOICE NOW! Find out who! you con do. Writ for o frae booklet to HIGHER EDUCA. TION. Box 36, New York Timei Sta tion. New York 36. N. Y. PuhUthed nt n pnhlie ttrvielt ttt r.nnpemt inn with The Advertisitof Cnvncil and Ik 'ewpape.r Ad vertining KxeeutiveK Antnrittlion, Lean, Tender Center Cut lb. 4. OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK 9a.M. to 9 P.M. WE GIVE & REDEEM SILVER DOLLAR STAMPS Lean, Meaty COUNTRY Spareribs 49c j) pv m f? (f s&L I ..4"' N VI E-7 W H N I If Yi if 11 tV W s ' m m u h Nyr S 1 r7 BIG'Y Rmtiot lart J pi k 1 C D V Everyfhin9 Baked D M l t l Right in the Stort . . Not Fresh Daily . . . Fresh Hourly .CZXT-kJ Chocolate. 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