MONDAY. OCTOBER 8. 1962
MLDf'OHD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
ritTT
" ' '. .' '
CIVIL
The Invasion of Kentucky
By MERTON T. AKERS
UP1 Correspondent
Like the French king who
marched his army up the hill
and then marched it down
again, Confederate Gen. Brax
ton Bragg invaded Kentucky
in the fall of 1862 and then
retraced his steps.
The French king and Bragg
came out about the s a m e.
Bragg fought one battle to a
standoff and then retired from
what seemed to be a better
than 50-50 chance for victory.
The only tangible military re
sult was a big haul of Federal
equipment. He threw a good
scare into cities along the
Ohio river, notably Cincinnati
and Louisville, but it was
nnlv a scare.
His companion Confederate
general on the invasion, Ed
mund Kirby Smith, fared bet
ter. He won a Dame hiiu
chased the Union troops from
fnmherland Gap
Bragg and Kirby Smith
started their invasion of Ken
tucky in August, 1862. Bragg
moved from Chattanooga,
Tcnn., with about 40,000 men,
skirting cast of Nashville,
Tcnn., the capital, which Fed
erals held.
Kirby Smith started from
IT'S SNOW'S
FOR THOSE
WHO WANT THE
BEST CLAM FLAVOR
Knoxville, Tcnn., with 21,000
men. He sent 9,000 to clean
out the Federal garrison at
Cumberland Gap. Pickings
were slim for Kirby Smith's
men across southern Ken
tucky. A long drought made
water scarce. The army lived
mostly on apples, roasting
ears and salt, a large quantity
of which they captured at
Barbourville, Ky. .
Climbed Big Hill
On Aug. 29, 1862, the army
climbed Big Hill and before it
lay the Kentucky Bluegrass
region, the "promised land
for them.
A few miles north near
Richmond, Ky., Kirby Smith's
cavalry ran into Union re
sistance about sundown and
the troopers were forced back
on the infantry.
The Union troops belonged
to the command of William
Nelson, major general and for
mer naval officer. 'Ardent,
loud-mouthed and violent," a
fellow officer described him.
He was 6 feet 5 inches tall and
weighed about 300 pounds.
That night he was in Lexing
ton, Ky., about 20 miles north
of Richmond. His force con
sisted of two small divisions
of green troops, some of whom
had been in active service for
only three days. The two brig
adiers in command were late
ly out of civilian life.
The new brigadiers put up
good fight against Kirby
Smith's veterans oh the morn
ing of Aug. 30 but by noon,
when Nelson arrived from
Lexington, they were retreat
ing. He rallied the shaky
troops on a ridge and paraded
in front of them as Rebel
bullets whizzed past.
If they can't hit me they
can't hit anything," he assured
his troops, his bulk making
big target.
Fled in Disorder
'Our troops stood about
three rounds when, struck by
panic, they fled in utter dis
order," he reported later.
He was wrong about Con
federate marksmanship. He
was hit twice but escaped.
The Battle of Richmond was
virtually a clean sweep for
Kirby Smith's men. They
killed 206 Federals, wounded
844 and captured 4,303 along
with nine guns, the whole
Union wagon train with its
stores and 10,000 small arms.
What few Union troops es
caped scattered into the hills.
Kirby Smith lost 78 killed
372 wounded and one mising
The Confederates entered
Lexington Sept. 2 and were
cheered. The next day they
reached Frankfort, the capi
tal.
While Kirby Smith was in
vading eastern Kentucky,
Bragg had moved north from
Chattanooga and had entered
Kentucky above Gainsboro,
Tenn.
Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell,
commander of the Union army
in Tennessee, marched paral
lel to Bragg to the west, pro
tecting Nashville.
THREATENED BASE
Bragg beat Buell into Ken
tucky and threatened Bowling
Green, a Federal supply base.
Leaving enough men in Nash
ville to defend it, Buell raced
for Bowling Green. He arrived
there one day after Bragg
reached Glasgow, 35 miles to
the cast. That put Bragg a
little closer to Louisville than
Buell perhaps one day's
march.
The Confederates were in
a good spot at Glasgow. If
Bueli continued north toward
flank. If Buell cared to attack,
his extended army on the
flank. If Buell cared to attack
Bragg held a good battle posi
tion. Neither event happened.
But the unexpected was pre
cipitated by Confederate Brig.
Gen. James R. Chalmers. His
brigade was on outpost duty
at Cave City, 10 miles north
west of Glasgow. He made
contact with some of Kirby
Smith's cavalrymen who had
cut the railroad north of Mun-
fordville, isolating a Federal
garrison on the south bank of
the Green river across from
Mundfordvillc. The Union
commander refused to surren
der to the Confederate caval
ry. Would Chalmers help the
Cavalry? He would.
Without notifying Bragg,
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Humor's the Thing
Making Every Candidate a Comedian
Would Attract Attention of Voters
Johnson Overboard
FORCED TO RETREAT Like the French
king who marched up the hill and then
marched down again, Confederate Gen.
Braxton Bragg, left, invaded Kentucky in
the fall of 1862, then was forced to retrace
his steps. Bragg fought only one battle to a
standoff. The only tangible result of his part
in the invasion was a big haul of Federal
equipment, His companion General on the
invasion, Edmund Kirby Smith, center,
fared better. He won a battle and chased
the Federal troops from Cumberland Gap.
Union Gen. Don Carlos Buell, right, com
mander of the Union Army of Tennessee,
swung his forces north and won the race
to the Ohio river and marched into Louis
ville; Ky. Bragg laid his failure to fight
against Buell to a shortage of supplies, but
most historians believe that he was incap
able of moving when the chips were down.
(UPI)
Chalmers attacked the out
post and was beaten off. He
tried another angle. He noti
fied Col. J. T. Wilder, of the
17th Indiana Volunteers, the
Federal commander, that
Bragg's whole army was close
behind. Wilder might as well
surrender "to avoid further
bloodshed." Wilder replied
that "if you want to avoid
bloodshed keep nut of the
range of my guns."
Chalmers concluded to do
Just that, gathered up his 288
dead exactly four times
Wilder's losses and report
ed to Bragg, saying "I may
have incurred censure at
Headquarters for my action."
He was right, he had. Bragg
was furious. A battle at Mun
fordville was no part of his
plans. He moved his whole
army against Wilder.
By Sept. 16, Bragg was In
position. Then he tried his
hand at demanding surrender.
Knowing Mai. Gen. Simon
Buckner was in the Confed
erate forces and that Buckner
had a reputation as a man of
honor, Wilder sent a flag of
truce to Buckner and asked
his advice about surrendering.
Buckner was taken aback at
this unconventional method of
waging war and declined to
advise Wilder. But he did
show the Federal colonel 46
guns ready to reduce the out
post. "I believe I'll surrender,"
Wilder said, and promptly did.
Bragg listed the loot as 4,
267 prisoners, 10 guns, 5,000
rifles and horses, mules and
ammunition.
The Confederates again
moved north, Buell keeping
pace to the west and slightly
behind.
Twenty miles farther on,
Bragg suddenly swung east
over Muldraugh's Hill, be
tween the Green river and
the south fork of the Salt riv
er, and away from Louisville.
Won by Default
Buell saw his opportunity
and marched into Louisville
without delay, his forces ar
riving Sept. 24.
Buell had won the race to
the Ohio, largely by default,
and the Ohio valley could re
lax. Bragg moved to Bardstown,
Ky. Kirby Smith still was in
Frankfort, 40 air miles north
east. Some Kcntuckiana cheered
the invaders and fed them.
But few were enthusiastic
enough lo enlist.
Why did Bragg let Buell
get away without a fight?
Why after a 600-mile march
and with his army squarely
across Federal communica
tions, did he decline the
chance which seemed so rosy?
Bragg laid his failure to
fight to a scarcity of supplies
although his army was in the
midst of a bountiful land.
Most historians have con
cluded Bragg simply could
not act when the chips were
down.
By Oct. 1, Buell had re
organized his forces in Louis
ville and was moving again,
this time south toward Bragg.
Cardinal Guarded
After Bomb Blast
New York -IUPH- An around-the-clock
police guard was as
signed to Francis Cardinal
Spellman, Roman Catholic
archbishop of New York,
after a bomb exploded outside
the 73-ycar-old prelate's resi
dence adjoining St. Patrick's
Cathedral early Saturday.
The blast blew out three
windows at 1:40 a.m. and
awakened the Cardinal in an
other part of the building. It
caused no injuries.
By DICK WEST
Washington -(UPD- If I were
running for office this year,
I d fire all of my political ad-
v l s e r s and
hire a gag
writer. Humor
is the t h i n g
nowadays. Ev
ery candidate
a c o m e dian.
An o f I i c e
seeker, Demo
cratic or Re
publican, who
WW isn't up on the
latest Kennedy jokes can't
count on his mother for sup
port. Two new examples of the
knee-slapping type of cam
paign material now in vogue
recently came to my attention.
One is Rep. Otis Pike's "Blast
Pike" press kit. The other is
a game called "New Front
ier." Pike, a New York Demo
crat, sent around to the "op
position press" in his district
a set of instructions on how to
attack him during his race for
reelection.
For one thing, he said, they
should drop the slogan that
was used against him in the
last campaign - "Let's knock
Pike off his peak." Pike said
this was punk.
Demonstrating that he is
no piker, he offered the op
position a new slogan,
"There's something fishy
about Pike." It remains lo
be seen whether they will
be sucker enough lo use it.
I was still chuckling over
Pike's pip when I came
across the "new frontier"
game displayed at a Republi
can "I miss Ike" affair. It
sent me into spasms of mirth.
Or it may have been my rheu
matism acting up.
At any rate, "New Front
ier" Is described as "the new
est item to join the fad of
spoofing the Kennedy admin
istration." It seems to be a
variation of "Monopoly" with
a different slant.
In "Monopoly," the object is
lo create a financial empire
and ruthlessly crush your
competition. But in "New
Frontier." everybody goes
broke. Therefore, it is called
"The game nobody can win."
Unless I miss my guess, it
also is a game nobody but Re
publicans will play.
Each player starts at a
point labeled "seat of gov
ernment" and identified
with a rocking chair. He
then goes around the board
acquiring property.
The properties bear such
names as "Newsleak Maga
zine," "Salinger's Natural
Gas," "Billie Sol's Grain Si-
Missing Man Feared
Heart Attack Victim
Roseburg, Ore. -lUPll-Oregon
state police said Saturday they
believe 66-year-old Herbert
Warden Jr. suffered a heart
attack after his car became
stuck on a logging road 50
miles east of here Sept. 29.
State police and Douglas
county sheriffs officers con
tinued their search for the
missing man Saturday in the
rugged timbered and brush
covered reforested area near
where his car was found a
week ago.
No Incidents Occur
At Mississippi Game
Jackson, Miss. -IlIPli- Univer
sity of Mississippi students
cheered lustily and waved
Confederate flags as their rev
ered rebels crushed Houston
university here Saturday in a
football game the Defense De
partment banned from the
strife-torn Oxford campus.
"Everything went just fine,"
a spokesman for the re-enforced
Jackson police department
said. "It was perfect. There
were no incidents at all."
SLIGHTLY AHEAD
Portland IUPB The West
Coast Lumbermen's associa
tion said Saturday output at
Douglas fir sawmills is slight
ly ahead of the first nine
months of 1961, but down
from the two previous years.
Extra Work
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RENT
Adding Machine
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VOIGHT'S
8th i Grape 772-4100
los" and
Motor.'
No matter how much prop
erty he acquires, the player
finds that because of taxes
and other factors he always
loses money. The game ends
when the Treasury acquires
the funds of all the players.
So there you have it, fellow
voters. An indication of what
all of us are in for during tha
next few weeks.
We may not like any of the
candidates, but we should ba
able to laugh all the way lo
the polls.
WILL AMERICA
BE BEHIND THE
aw"!
America is the world's leader;
in many fields in science anrij
invention, in business andi
trade, in moral influence on'
world affairs. But can we hold'
this lead?
Only if we continue to rle-:
velop the leaders that are
needed to handle the problems
America faces.
But this may not be possible
unless we back higher educa
tion. Today colleges are in
squeeze. Many face shortages,
and in 10 years applicants will
double. We need more and bet
ter laboratories and many mora
qualified teachers.
HELP THE COLLEGE
OF YOUR CHOICE NOW!
Find out who! you con do. Writ for
o frae booklet to HIGHER EDUCA.
TION. Box 36, New York Timei Sta
tion. New York 36. N. Y.
PuhUthed nt n pnhlie ttrvielt ttt
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