Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989, September 18, 1962, Image 4

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Medford mail tribune., September 18, 1962, Image 4

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Newspaper Page Text4 TUESDAY. SEPTEMBER 18. 1962 MEDFORDv53WTRIBUNB "Everyone in Southern OregorT"" Read! TheMallTrlbune' Published Daily except Saturday by MEDFORD PRINTING CO. S3 North Kir Jit.. Ph. 772-tiUl ROBERT W RUHL. Editor HERB GREY Advertising Manager GERALD T LATHAM. Bui. Mgr. BRIC W ALLEN JR.. Mng. Editor EARL H ADAMS. City Editor HARRY CHIPMAN. Teleg Editor RICHARD JEWETT. Sport! Editor OLIVE STARCHER Women'! Editor DALE ERICKSON, Circulation Mgr An Independent Newipaper Entered aa second clau matter at Medford. Oregon, under Act of March 3. 1897 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Mail In Advance. Daily and Sunday 1 year 111 11 Daily and Sunday fl nioi. 10 Ou Daily and Sunday 3 mot. 5.00 Sunday Only One year $5.00 Single Copy (Mailed) 30c Bv Carrier And Motor Route. 'Daily and Sunday 1 year 121.00 Daily and Sunday I mo. 1.75 Sunday Only 1 mo. 50c Carrier and Vendura Copy 10c Official Paper of't'lty of Medford Official Paperjif Jackson County United" Presalnternatlonal Full Leaned Wire TJ. P. I Telephoto Newplcturea "MEMBER OF AUDIT' BUREAU" 0CIRCULATIONS Advertising Representative: NELSON ROBERTS & ASSOCI ATES. OHlcei In New York. Chi cago Detroit, San Francisco, Loi Angelea. Seattle. Portland. Denver. NEWSPAMt PUBLISHf $ ASSOCIATION NATIONAL EDITORIAL "SO AScgT,gN Flight o' Time Medford and Jackson County History from the file of Thu Mail Tribunrj 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO Sept. 18. 1952 (Friday) Ashland begins observance of 100 years of memories and achievements. George "Baker Dunkin, 67, denies intention of murder In case of stale yolice officer; states he was "Just trying to scare him away." 20 YEARS AGO Sept. 18, 1942 (Saturday) . Jackson county grand jury recommends invoking and en forcing curfew ordinances in all cities and towns of the county for minors under 18 years old, From Arthur Perry's "Ye Smudge Pot", column: "The Juvenile clement skins out for school Monday morning, to welcome their teachers with bright and shining faces." 30 YEARS AGO Sept. 18, 1932 (Monday) Petitions being circulated for C. E. (Pop) Gates, former mayor of Medtord, as Inde pendent candidate for county Judge. Frank DcSousa, Medford, named to committee which will greet Franklin D. Roose velt, Democratic candidate for president, during stop in Port land. 40 YEARS AGO Sept. 18, 1922 (Tu.iday) Enforcement of prohibition laws in Jackson county costs SHOO a month during June, July and August, 1022. Oregon Sen. Charles Mc Nary denies report he will lpave United Stales Senate to accept position as federal Judge. SO YEARS AGO Sept. 18. 1912 (Thursday) Mcdfuid (ire department extinguishes blaze in wood shed before discovering large quantity of dynamite stored in building. Conservator o f imperial Russian botanical gardens calls Crater lake one of world's most beautiful sights. What's Your I.Q.? Nina or tan correct Is superior; seven or eight It excellent; live 01 tin It good. 1. Correct the sentence: "We have been to church." 2. Antiochus E p i p h ancs, who wrought suffering and cruelty upon the Hebrews, was king of what country? 3. Docs the U S. Constitu tion provide for the resigna tion of the President? 4. Is eiderdown gathered from the female or from both sexes of elder ducks? 5. Aliens may, or may not, acquire patents In the United States? 6. The first U S. President to use the "pocket veto" was Lincoln, Monroe, or Madison? 7. A place where coins are manufactured is called a what? 8. Is the goldfinch a bird, fish or signet ring? 9. Which Stale is electing both U.S. Senators in this No vember election? 10. What is the world's most popular vegetable? Answers: 1. "We have been al church." 2, Syria. 3. Yet (Articlt II. Sec. 1). 4. Only from the female. 5. May. 6. Madison. 7. Mint. I, Bird. S. Idaho. 10. Potato. 4 The Outlawry John Foster Dulles used to say, in regard to the admission of Red China, "The United Nations is not a reformatory for So long as Fidel Castro's Cuba retains its credentials, along with a good many other na tions that don't have to be identified., this argu ment evades the issue. A more lotrical case President Richard M. debate becan last year. opinion in the United States by "an overwhelm ing majority" was opposed to the admission of Red China to the U.N. And he cited "a growing minority opinion . . . that the United States is bearing too much of the burden, financial and otherwise, in supporting the U.N." With these considerations in mind, Nixon said: "The result (of Red China's admission) could be withdrawal of the United States from the world organization, or a reduction to mere token participation. Either would doom the or ganization to the impotence of the League of Nations." AT THE past 11 sessions of the U. N. General "Assembly the United States has succeeded in blocking Peking's hopes. For the seven years from 1954 through 1960 we kept the question of Red China's membership off the General Assembly agenda. Last year, with the influx of new Asian and African members, our strategy changed. We agreed to a vote, but insisted that it be treated as "an important question." This would require a two-thirds majority for approval. This stipula tion carried by a 61 to 34 vote, with seven na tions abstaining. Actually the question of seating the Reds and unseating the Nationalists failed of even a simple majority. The Assembly voted 48 to 37 against, with 19 nations abstaining. yUE question is bound to arise again at the General Assembly's 17th plenary session. India had long been the Mao Ise-tung regime, but retired from that role in 1960, undoubtedly as the result of the rape of Tibet and India's own border troubles with the Reds. Despite the growing cleavage be tween Soviet Russia and Red China over ideo logical and other matters, Russia's foreign min ister brought the question of membership form ally before the 1960 session. Russia again acted as sponsor in 1961 and is expected to repeat this year. Red China's chances look little better than in previous years. The United Nations has 104 mem bers, counting Nationalist China. Of these, 38 recognize Red China, and 55 White China. Ten have relations with neither. The whole debate of course is to some extent academic. There is real doubt that Soviet Russia honestly wants Red China admitted, and no credi ble evidence at all that Red China wants in. If it did, it unquestionably could gain the two thirds' vote necessary just by offering convincing proof of willingness to abide by the rules and by laws of the U.N.club. E.R.R. U. N. and Southern Rhodesia The 17th regular session of the United Nations General Assembly, which opens today is likely to put new pressure on Britain to end white su premacy rule in Southern Rhodesia. Southern Rhodesia, a land largely of cattle ranches and tobacco plantations, is a white set tler's stronghold and last fortress of legal racial discrimination in the Central African Federation. Northern Rhodesia and segments of the three-part federation. By a vote of 73 in favor, one against (South Africa) and 27 abstentions (including the United States), the General Assembly last June 'J.& called on Britain, as "administering authority," to con vene a constitutional conterence to replace the 1961 Southern Rhodosian constitution with one that would "insure the rights of the majority of the people." The self-governing British colony has three million black Africans and 210,000 whites, lhe U. N. resolution set no deadline and was considerably milder that the colony receive under black rule. npilE British government claims that it lacks power to intervene in Southern Rhodesia's af fairs. Indeed, the colony has enjoyed full internal self-government since 1923 and is firmly in the hands of the white Rhodesians. Africans and Asians in the United Nations (and the nolitica left wing in Britain itself) reply that, on paper, hritain lias the power to "The Economist" of some asperity that it was time for the British gov ernment to make up its mind whether or not it was responsible for Southern Rhodesia. The weekly advocated putting pressure on Sir Edgar White head s Southern Khodesian government "to open up a short road to political power for his coun try s A means. "The Economist" admitted it may be true that, once in power, Africans will prove to be irresponsible or dictatorial but added; "The British government will be expected to carry the can if black frustrations and white stubborness meet head-on and bloodily in Southern Rhodesia; it ought to do its best to avoid such an even tuality." E.K.R. of Red China bad governments. was made by former Vice Nixon when the annual Nixon said that public the faithful sponsor of Nvasaland are the other than a Soviet demand independence this year put Africans in control London commented with Lmm.'l. Washington Report By William (c United Feature Syndicate SETS RIGHT THEME Washington - The head Re publican campaigner, Former President Eisenhower, has set ITJLTgJk the right i . ' 7 i theme for the f I ' 2 oncoming cam- (.' S flil PaiBn for Con' K i c a a, au highly respon sible theme it is. If he has his way, the whole range o f menacing foreign crises, from Cuba to Berlin to South east Asia, will be absent from our national argument over who is to go to Congress. He means to beat President Kennedy's party in these races if he possibly can. Already, he is blasting away at that "para dise for theorists" and that "playpen for the exercise of their notions and abstract fal lacies" which to his mind is the Kennedy administration. But he is talking about domes tic things which are Congress' real business and over which Congress has some control. And he is also grasping President Kennedy's hand in an oddly moving way in a joint effort by them to keep the fight involved to issues on this side of the water - even this side of the thin strip of water lying between Florida and Cuba. IN THIS. General Eisenhower will not altogether succeed, nd President Kennedy will not altogether succeed. But that they are at least trying is not the least important fact of this campaign. For Con gress, no matter which party controls it, does not, cannot and should not make foreign policy. To think that it docs, to make the impossible at tempt to put It into position to do so, is a futility and a great danger to this country. No Congress, no collective body of any kind, can run our affairs abroad. Only one man - a President - can do that. Moreover, even if the cur rent administration is as wrong-headed about foreign policy as some of its critics will say, the argument is not relevant to this election in this year any more than a com parable Democratic argument against President Eisenhower was relevant in 10511. There is in any event no way to repudiate President Kennedy as a foreign policy leader by some vote in a Con gressional race in 1!62 any more than there was to Presi dent Eisenhower by such a vote in lilofl. What we are Try and -By BENNETT CERF- TVWID NIVEN tells about a movie star who was invited to the wedding of his former wife an event he antici pated with unholy glee, since it spelled the end of his heavy alimony payments. How ever, he decided not to risk appearing at the ceremony in person. He was afraid that, in his moment of supreme joy, he might embarrass everybody by kissing the groom instead of the bride. 00 Buck from his first tour of Europe, a dltlllu.iioneil college student reports that he couldn't get hamburgers In Hamburg, English muf fins In England, London broil in London, French toaat In Franc, or even eggs Florentine In Florence. The winea and the girl-he admitted, however, were wonderful. e a Out on his feet after eight rounds against an Infinitely tic penor prize fighter, a glitsaeyed gladiator was Implored by his manager, "Don t gne up now, Eddie boy! You got a no-hitter going!" o "In Africa." notes Danny Kaye, "native tribes beat the ground and utter blood-curdling yelle. The anthropologists call this prim itive expression. In Palm Springs we call tt golf." O 1M1, by Bwnrtt Crf. Distribute by Kmi Features Syndicate i 1 MEDFORD MAIL "Cue.. Who" .pjf,'!i ;Av- v) S. White about to do - and all we are about to do - is this: 1. To elect 435 members of the House of Representatives, the basic job of each being to look after his district and then to make such contributions to national interest as he can. 2. To elect that one-third of the Senate where terms expire this year - a Senate which has an advisory role in foreign policy, but still a Senate quite incapable, by the Constitution and in fact, or running that show. a ALL this is precisely what is in General Eisenhower's mind, as it Is in Mr. Kennedy's mind. It is also In the minds of the party leaders in Con gress iike Senators Mike Mansfield of Montana for the Democrats and Everett Dirk sen of Illinois for the Repub licans and their associates. They know that foreign policy in a time of many perils can not safely be made the topic for reckless disputation from 500 stumps this fall. All this having been said, the present prospect is that the top fellows in both parties will try to keep down idle partisanship in this field - idle because Congress can do little about it anyhow - but that lesser partisans will play this mischievous game all the same. Of course, free speech is free speech, even if some times irresponsible speech. But a great distinction should be borne in mind. Criticism of national foreign policy in crisis by private peo ple - columnists included - is one thing. But criticism of that policy in such times by elected members of a nation's government, or those hoping to be members, is another tiling altogether. Private men speak only for themselves and bear no public responsibility. Public men do bear public responsibility and to some degree they speak, or hope to speak, for the United Stales of America. Swedish Scientists Report Russian Test Stockholm, Sweden - WPP Swedish scientists reported the Soviet Union set off a 9 megntnn nuclear explosion to day at its Arctic testing site of Novaya Zemlya. The blast was detected by monitoring devices at Stock holm University. It was the 10th of a series the Russians began Aug. 5. Explosions estimated at 15 mciiatons each were detected Saturday and Sunday. Stop Me TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. ORECON Indian-Red Chinese Border Dispute Occasionally Bobs Back Into News By PHIL NEWSOM UPI Foreign News Analyst The Indan-Red Chinese bor der dispute has been bubbling along now for about three years. Most of the action has ( - ' I been confined io occasional hot words ex- ) I changed be tween the two - auwau, Oaw'J I and here and L'JLJ there a patrol Newaom volved is an area of some 51,000 square miles along the Himalaya spine separating India and China. It is an inhospitable area of towering mountains, deep gorges, murderous win ters and of communications such that months may go by before either side may know of a border violation. It is not on tourist maps and most Westerners would be hard put to locate Ladakh (which is in the border area Matter of Fact By joPh auoP c New York Herald Trlbun Syndicate THE MAKING OF EUROPE Paris-Unless Prime Minis ter Macmillan encounters an unexpected revolt in the House of Com mons, it now seems highly likely that the new Europe, with Britain as a full mem b e r, will shortly come into being. There could be a revolt. Alsop of course. Or the Prime Min ister could simply be intimi dated by the loud agitation against British entry into the Common Market, and could therefore be induced to ac cept the alternative now be ing discreetly offered by Gen. de Gaulle - "an economic ar rangement between Britain and Europe" which would not involve British membership. All the same, the outlook today is very different from the outlook some months ago, when Britain's admission to the Common Market first be gan to seem doubtful, be cause Gen. de Gaulle's oppo sition to Britain's admission first began to be manifest. rpHE French President's at titude has not changed since then in any material way. If he had the sole say in the matter, it is clear he would much prefer the sug gested British-European "ar rangement" as the best way out. What has changed, rath er, Is the Gaullist calculation on which the possible exclu sion of Britain was based. As first reported in this space, while desiring Britain's exclusion, de Gaulle never in tended to keep Britain out by his solitary veto; that, he always knew, would be going too far. He always Intended, instead, to use his power to prevent any material reduc tion of the admission fee Brit ain would have to pay. And he calculated that if the fee were not materially reduced, the British would refuse to pay. and would therefore remain outside of Europe. As Gen. de Gaulle expect ed the admission fee for Brit ain has not been sharply cut by the negotiations which have taken place in the inter val. But something else has happened which de Gaulle did not expect. The British have shown strongest indications that they mean to enter the European club, even if they have to pay the fee they for merly described as impos sibly high. rpilE French have watched, somewhat anxiously, for any sign of a change in this British intention, caused by the anti-Common Market storm at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' meeting in London. There has been no such sign to date. Hence Brit ish entry into Europe may perhaps be agreed upon in the first round of the renew ed British-European talks, which are scheduled to begin soon. It must be added, however, that there is one other un certain, indeed unpredictable, factor in the situation. It has been introduced by de Gaulle's triumphal tour of Germany, where the French President dropped hints about the need for some sort of closer "union" or more inti mate "collaboration" between Germany and France. What de Gaulle was talking about, It can be stated on high authority, was a special Franco-German political ar rangement that would give organic expression to his own informal partnership with Chancellor Adenauer. This may come one day. Rut the primary aim of de Gaulle's hints, at this time, was to force a renewal of the jtalled negotiations for the creation of a larger European political community. of northeast Kashmir on the western end of the Indo-Chinese border) or to describe the habits of the Monba, Aka, Dafla or Apa Tarange tribes (who live along the border in the northeast). Clash on Border Occasionally it bobs back Into the news, as it did a few days ago when it was an nounced that Indian Defense Minister Krishna Menon's de parture for the United Na tions General Assembly had been delayed by new Red Chinese incursions. The forces involved were 45 men of an Indian outpost and an undetermined number of Red troops at that point "several hundred yards away," On the basis of the fore going, the dispute would seem to be isolated and not one at the moment to intrude itself upon other world problems. Such is not the case. For example: President Mohammad Ayub THESE negotiations were broken off at the insistence of the Dutch and Belgians. The Dutch and Belgians have always opposed their renew al, on the grounds that deci sions at this stage about the future political organization of Europe would make it more difficult for the British to join the club. The British themselves have strongly in dorsed this argument. The blocking of the negotiations has caused great annoyance in Paris where Belgian For eign Minister Paul -Henri Spaak is especially unpopu lar. "We cannot let our policy be obstructed by a Spaak!" Such was the formula em ployed to explain the hints dropped by de Gaulle in Ger many. Besides a certain pique, it clearly reveals the inten tion to use the threat of Franco-German political talks as the lever, in order to force the renewal of the larger Eu ropean political talks. p'VEN the most Europe minded Frenchman now favors such a renewal, with out regard to the status of the bargaining with the British. Presumably this is because they fear Chancellor Ade nauer may not survive much longer, and they want the European political commu nity to be established while Adenauer remains in office. If the lever works, and talks about the political or ganization of Europe are re sumed at an early date, it is hard to foresee the exact ef fect in London. Most prob ably, however, the effect will be to hasten the British deci sion to enter the Common Market in order to be able to join the unavoidably pro tracted and complex political discussion before major deci sions have been reached. In sum, although another abrupt reversal of the trend is always possible, the new enlarged Europe seems to be in the making. It may be come a reality, politically as well as economially, before too many months have passed. Witnesses Voted , Allowance Increase Washington-IUPD-The Sen ate Judiciary Committee Mon day approved a bill that would increase the per diem allow ance for federal court witness es from $4 to $6. their travel allowance from 8 to 10 cents a mile and subsistence allow ance from $8 to $10 a day. Communications Letter to tiie Editor must bear the rume and addreas of the writer although undei rer tain circumstances the use of a pen nme ui initial for Duplica tion Is M'tnisslble The Mall Tribune reserves the riht to edit all letters with an eve to clarificattor- and condensation Letter suhmittea for publlca. Uon must not exceed 400 words Has More Wisdom To the Editor: One of the chief gripes of Republicans against Senator Morse is that he had the good sense to leave their party and Join one of Jefferson, Jackson, Cleveland and F D R. He is an Intellectual who, while having both feet firmly on the ground, looks beyond the immediate present. In that very important field of international politics - Latin American affairs - he is far better versed than is his Republican opponent. It would be the part of wisdom to return him to the Senate. David Frisch, P.O. Box 292. White City. Ore. Hope He's Right To the Editor: Mr. Kennedy says: "We will beat the Rus sians to the moon." 1 hope he is right, but if we can't beat the Russians to Cuba, how In 'ell are we go ing to beat them to the moon? Everett Acklin, Ashland, Ore. Khan of Pakistan and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India seldom see eye-to-eye. In London during the last week, at the meeting of com monwealth prime ministers, they have been in rare agree ment in opposition to Bri tain's entering the European Common Market. Their area of disagreement is wide, but especially they disagree on Kashmir which presently is held jointly along a cease-fire line. Ayub has elected to reach tentative agreements with Red China on a border delineation over that part of Kashmir he holds and which India claims. Chums With China This has brought from Nehru an expression of sur Strictly Personal By Sydney (O Field Enterprises, Inc. MOTTO OF MANKIND Perhaps the most curious and perplexing paradox of the human race consists in t h e fact that we f lkTl ma'te progress only in tne things we do not know. Most of man kind is ignor ant of physics, higher mathe matics, engi neering, genet- Harna ' C S, ecology, astronomy, medicine - indeed, of every sphere in which tre mendous and profound devel opments have taken place over the ages. In the area of the things we know - or, more accurate ly, of the things we THINK we know - we have made ab solutely no progress since the days of the Hebrew prophets, the Greek philosophers, and the Roman law-givers. It might be argued, in fact, that we have retrogressed in social behavior. Everybody thinks he un derstands love and the ways of the human heart. It is impossible to tell someone he Is delusive or dense on this subject. And every parent believes he knows how io rear hia children. As householders, we think we know how io live in amity with our neighbors - if only ihey would let us. And, aa voters, we are ab solutely convinced that our political prescriptions would cure the ailing public body. Yet is is precisely here -In personal, family, com munity and international relations - that we behave not one whit better than In the Day's News By FRANK In these modern days, most of us have a vague idea that the political entity known as the United States of America sprang forth full-panoplied like Minerva from the brow of Jupiter from the Revo lutionary War, It wasn't so. THE Revolutionary War was fought by the 13 original colonies acting together under a loose federation directed by the First Continental Con gress. This served to carry on the war. For a brief period after the surrender of Corn wallis, the 13 American states more or less went their sep arate and sovereign ways much as the Latin American states do now. But it was soon realized that this wouldn't work, so late in 1781 a weak central government was established by the Articles of Confedera tion. IS A central government, it A was a weak sister. The separate states acted like SEPARATE NATIONS. They treated each other much like independent foreign coun tries. They quarreled incessantly over boundaries, water rights, currencies and commerce. New York, for example, laid taxes on firewood brought in from Connecticut and on cab bages Imported from New Jer sey. Pennsylvania WENT TO WAR to drive Connecticut set tiers out of a disputed valley. And so on. PROM his estate at Mount Vernon Washington watch ed with growing uneasiness this drift toward what seemed to him to be a state of an archy. He pleaded for a strong er union. Men like Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin and James Madison seconded his plea, and so in the fall of 1788 the Continental Congress was led to issue a call to the states to appoint delegates to a convention to revise the Articles of Confederation The convention assembled in Philadelphia in May of 1787, with Washington as Its prise that a member of the SEATO and CENTO treaties suddenly should elect to "chum up with China." In London, Nehru has been protesting the effect on In dia's five-year plan if Britain should join the common mar ket and cut off common wealth economic preferences. On their side the British have asked why Nehru is negotiat ing to buy MIG Jets from Rus sia rather than take his busi ness to the hard-pressed Bri tish aircraft industry. As for Peiping, there is no doubt concerning as to why a supposed Red ally is selling airplanes to a country which someday might use them against Red China. It's a small world. J. Harris the Medes and the Persians, the Gauls and the Goths. What everybody knows, nobody knows: this might almost be the motto of man kind. Those area in which we think we require no in structions because our hearts, or our minds, or our characters so easily grasp them are the very areas of continual conflict, of cir cular motion, of frustration and futility and defeat. It may be that what the theologians call "original sin" is this assumption of knowledge on our part: not any particular sin, or any kinds of sin, in the conven tional sense of lhe word but. rather, a spirtiual as mosphere in which all of ui are born and which we car ry with us for a lifetime. For notice-in those spheres in which genuine progress has been made, the pioneers and innovators and discoverers and inventors did not already think they knew the answers. They knew they were in the dark, and struggled with great difficulty to reach the light. The rest of us think We are in the light, and those who disagree with us, are in the darkness - so our struggle is not with ourselves (as it should be), but with them: to make the loved one more re sponsive, the child more trac table, the neighbor more suit able to our image. The one thing in the world a fish does not know is water, because he is always contain ed in it. And the one thing we do not know is our ig norance of ourselves, becauso it surrounds us entirely. All great teaching is an attack upon this ignorance. So far, all attacks have failed. JENKINS presiding officer. There were 55 delegates, and every stata except Rhode Island was rep resented. These 55 men then proceeded to do a bold deed'. Instead of merely revising tha Articles of Confederation, THEY WROTE A NEW CON STITUTION. THIS bold step so frightened some of the delegates that they left for home. But the rest of them stayed on, work ing behind closed doors and pledged to secrecy. Finally, nearly four months after tha convention began, the last ar ticle of the document was agreed upon and Washington called on the delegates to affix their signatures - and all but three of them did. In his call to the delegates to sign, Wash ington said: "Let us raise (here) a stand ard to which the wise and hon est can repair. The event is in the hand of God." It was signed on Sept. 17, 1787 175 years ago Mon day. TT WAS this Constitution, hammered out by great and devoted patriots, of which William Pitt. England's great liberal minister, who had been the firm friend of the 13 re belling colonies all through the War of the Revolution, said: "It will be pattern for ALL FUTURE constitutions and the admiration of all future ages." The Founding Fathers who drafted it are described by historian David Muzzy as "a group of men who have not been surpassed in character and ability by any body of equal size in the history of the world." OO- " On Monday I No matter what we may have been doing I We should have paused for at least a minute or so in si- iui oiiu iicaiueii liioute to these great men and great patriots who nammered out in those dark days 175 years ago the Constitution that is the foundation of our Ameri can way of life.