4
TUESDAY. SEPTEMBER 18. 1962
MEDFORDv53WTRIBUNB
"Everyone in Southern OregorT""
Read! TheMallTrlbune'
Published Daily except Saturday by
MEDFORD PRINTING CO.
S3 North Kir Jit.. Ph. 772-tiUl
ROBERT W RUHL. Editor
HERB GREY Advertising Manager
GERALD T LATHAM. Bui. Mgr.
BRIC W ALLEN JR.. Mng. Editor
EARL H ADAMS. City Editor
HARRY CHIPMAN. Teleg Editor
RICHARD JEWETT. Sport! Editor
OLIVE STARCHER Women'! Editor
DALE ERICKSON, Circulation Mgr
An Independent Newipaper
Entered aa second clau matter at
Medford. Oregon, under Act of
March 3. 1897
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
By Mail In Advance.
Daily and Sunday 1 year 111 11
Daily and Sunday fl nioi. 10 Ou
Daily and Sunday 3 mot. 5.00
Sunday Only One year $5.00
Single Copy (Mailed) 30c
Bv Carrier And Motor Route.
'Daily and Sunday 1 year 121.00
Daily and Sunday I mo. 1.75
Sunday Only 1 mo. 50c
Carrier and Vendura Copy 10c
Official Paper of't'lty of Medford
Official Paperjif Jackson County
United" Presalnternatlonal
Full Leaned Wire
TJ. P. I Telephoto Newplcturea
"MEMBER OF AUDIT' BUREAU"
0CIRCULATIONS
Advertising Representative:
NELSON ROBERTS & ASSOCI
ATES. OHlcei In New York. Chi
cago Detroit, San Francisco, Loi
Angelea. Seattle. Portland.
Denver.
NEWSPAMt
PUBLISHf $
ASSOCIATION
NATIONAL EDITORIAL
"SO AScgT,gN
Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the file of Thu
Mail Tribunrj 10, 20, 30, 40
and 50 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
Sept. 18. 1952 (Friday)
Ashland begins observance
of 100 years of memories and
achievements.
George "Baker Dunkin, 67,
denies intention of murder In
case of stale yolice officer;
states he was "Just trying to
scare him away."
20 YEARS AGO
Sept. 18, 1942 (Saturday)
. Jackson county grand jury
recommends invoking and en
forcing curfew ordinances in
all cities and towns of the
county for minors under 18
years old,
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot", column: "The
Juvenile clement skins out for
school Monday morning, to
welcome their teachers with
bright and shining faces."
30 YEARS AGO
Sept. 18, 1932 (Monday)
Petitions being circulated
for C. E. (Pop) Gates, former
mayor of Medtord, as Inde
pendent candidate for county
Judge.
Frank DcSousa, Medford,
named to committee which
will greet Franklin D. Roose
velt, Democratic candidate for
president, during stop in Port
land. 40 YEARS AGO
Sept. 18, 1922 (Tu.iday)
Enforcement of prohibition
laws in Jackson county costs
SHOO a month during June,
July and August, 1022.
Oregon Sen. Charles Mc
Nary denies report he will
lpave United Stales Senate to
accept position as federal
Judge.
SO YEARS AGO
Sept. 18. 1912 (Thursday)
Mcdfuid (ire department
extinguishes blaze in wood
shed before discovering large
quantity of dynamite stored in
building.
Conservator o f imperial
Russian botanical gardens
calls Crater lake one of
world's most beautiful sights.
What's Your I.Q.?
Nina or tan correct Is superior;
seven or eight It excellent; live 01
tin It good.
1. Correct the sentence:
"We have been to church."
2. Antiochus E p i p h ancs,
who wrought suffering and
cruelty upon the Hebrews,
was king of what country?
3. Docs the U S. Constitu
tion provide for the resigna
tion of the President?
4. Is eiderdown gathered
from the female or from both
sexes of elder ducks?
5. Aliens may, or may not,
acquire patents In the United
States?
6. The first U S. President
to use the "pocket veto" was
Lincoln, Monroe, or Madison?
7. A place where coins are
manufactured is called a
what?
8. Is the goldfinch a bird,
fish or signet ring?
9. Which Stale is electing
both U.S. Senators in this No
vember election?
10. What is the world's
most popular vegetable?
Answers: 1. "We have been
al church." 2, Syria. 3. Yet
(Articlt II. Sec. 1). 4. Only
from the female. 5. May. 6.
Madison. 7. Mint. I, Bird. S.
Idaho. 10. Potato.
4
The Outlawry
John Foster Dulles used to say, in regard to
the admission of Red China, "The United Nations
is not a reformatory for
So long as Fidel Castro's Cuba retains its
credentials, along with a good many other na
tions that don't have to be identified., this argu
ment evades the issue.
A more lotrical case
President Richard M.
debate becan last year.
opinion in the United States by "an overwhelm
ing majority" was opposed to the admission of
Red China to the U.N. And he cited "a growing
minority opinion . . . that the United States is
bearing too much of the burden, financial and
otherwise, in supporting the U.N."
With these considerations in mind, Nixon
said: "The result (of Red China's admission)
could be withdrawal of the United States from
the world organization, or a reduction to mere
token participation. Either would doom the or
ganization to the impotence of the League of
Nations."
AT THE past 11 sessions of the U. N. General
"Assembly the United States has succeeded in
blocking Peking's hopes. For the seven years from
1954 through 1960 we kept the question of Red
China's membership off the General Assembly
agenda.
Last year, with the influx of new Asian and
African members, our strategy changed. We
agreed to a vote, but insisted that it be treated
as "an important question." This would require
a two-thirds majority for approval. This stipula
tion carried by a 61 to 34 vote, with seven na
tions abstaining.
Actually the question of seating the Reds and
unseating the Nationalists failed of even a simple
majority. The Assembly voted 48 to 37 against,
with 19 nations abstaining.
yUE question is bound to arise again at the
General Assembly's 17th plenary session.
India had long been
the Mao Ise-tung regime, but retired from that
role in 1960, undoubtedly as the result of the
rape of Tibet and India's own border troubles
with the Reds. Despite the growing cleavage be
tween Soviet Russia and Red China over ideo
logical and other matters, Russia's foreign min
ister brought the question of membership form
ally before the 1960 session. Russia again acted
as sponsor in 1961 and is expected to repeat this
year.
Red China's chances look little better than in
previous years. The United Nations has 104 mem
bers, counting Nationalist China. Of these, 38
recognize Red China, and 55 White China.
Ten have relations with neither.
The whole debate of course is to some extent
academic. There is real doubt that Soviet Russia
honestly wants Red China admitted, and no credi
ble evidence at all that Red China wants in. If
it did, it unquestionably could gain the two
thirds' vote necessary just by offering convincing
proof of willingness to abide by the rules and by
laws of the U.N.club. E.R.R.
U. N. and Southern Rhodesia
The 17th regular session of the United Nations
General Assembly, which opens today is likely
to put new pressure on Britain to end white su
premacy rule in Southern Rhodesia.
Southern Rhodesia, a land largely of cattle
ranches and tobacco plantations, is a white set
tler's stronghold and last fortress of legal racial
discrimination in the Central African Federation.
Northern Rhodesia and
segments of the three-part federation.
By a vote of 73 in favor, one against (South
Africa) and 27 abstentions (including the United
States), the General Assembly last June 'J.& called
on Britain, as "administering authority," to con
vene a constitutional conterence to replace the
1961 Southern Rhodosian constitution with one
that would "insure the rights of the majority of
the people." The self-governing British colony
has three million black Africans and 210,000
whites, lhe U. N. resolution set no deadline and
was considerably milder
that the colony receive
under black rule.
npilE British government claims that it lacks
power to intervene in Southern Rhodesia's af
fairs. Indeed, the colony has enjoyed full internal
self-government since 1923 and is firmly in the
hands of the white Rhodesians. Africans and
Asians in the United Nations (and the nolitica
left wing in Britain itself) reply that, on paper,
hritain lias the power to
"The Economist" of
some asperity that it was time for the British gov
ernment to make up its mind whether or not it was
responsible for Southern Rhodesia. The weekly
advocated putting pressure on Sir Edgar White
head s Southern Khodesian government "to open
up a short road to political power for his coun
try s A means.
"The Economist" admitted it may be true
that, once in power, Africans will prove to be
irresponsible or dictatorial but added; "The
British government will be expected to carry the
can if black frustrations and white stubborness
meet head-on and bloodily in Southern Rhodesia;
it ought to do its best to avoid such an even
tuality." E.K.R.
of Red China
bad governments.
was made by former Vice
Nixon when the annual
Nixon said that public
the faithful sponsor of
Nvasaland are the other
than a Soviet demand
independence this year
put Africans in control
London commented with
Lmm.'l.
Washington Report
By William
(c United Feature Syndicate
SETS RIGHT THEME
Washington - The head Re
publican campaigner, Former
President Eisenhower, has set
ITJLTgJk the right
i . ' 7 i theme for the
f I ' 2 oncoming cam-
(.' S flil PaiBn for Con'
K i c a a, au
highly respon
sible theme it
is. If he has
his way, the
whole range
o f menacing
foreign crises,
from Cuba to Berlin to South
east Asia, will be absent from
our national argument over
who is to go to Congress.
He means to beat President
Kennedy's party in these races
if he possibly can. Already, he
is blasting away at that "para
dise for theorists" and that
"playpen for the exercise of
their notions and abstract fal
lacies" which to his mind is
the Kennedy administration.
But he is talking about domes
tic things which are Congress'
real business and over which
Congress has some control.
And he is also grasping
President Kennedy's hand in
an oddly moving way in a
joint effort by them to keep
the fight involved to issues on
this side of the water - even
this side of the thin strip of
water lying between Florida
and Cuba.
IN THIS. General Eisenhower
will not altogether succeed,
nd President Kennedy will
not altogether succeed. But
that they are at least trying
is not the least important fact
of this campaign. For Con
gress, no matter which party
controls it, does not, cannot
and should not make foreign
policy. To think that it docs,
to make the impossible at
tempt to put It into position
to do so, is a futility and a
great danger to this country.
No Congress, no collective
body of any kind, can run our
affairs abroad. Only one man
- a President - can do that.
Moreover, even if the cur
rent administration is as
wrong-headed about foreign
policy as some of its critics
will say, the argument is not
relevant to this election in this
year any more than a com
parable Democratic argument
against President Eisenhower
was relevant in 10511.
There is in any event no
way to repudiate President
Kennedy as a foreign policy
leader by some vote in a Con
gressional race in 1!62 any
more than there was to Presi
dent Eisenhower by such a
vote in lilofl. What we are
Try and
-By BENNETT CERF-
TVWID NIVEN tells about a movie star who was invited
to the wedding of his former wife an event he antici
pated with unholy glee, since it spelled the end of his heavy
alimony payments. How
ever, he decided not to
risk appearing at the
ceremony in person. He
was afraid that, in his
moment of supreme joy,
he might embarrass
everybody by kissing the
groom instead of the
bride.
00
Buck from his first tour
of Europe, a dltlllu.iioneil
college student reports that
he couldn't get hamburgers
In Hamburg, English muf
fins In England, London
broil in London, French toaat In Franc, or even eggs Florentine
In Florence. The winea and the girl-he admitted, however,
were wonderful.
e a
Out on his feet after eight rounds against an Infinitely tic
penor prize fighter, a glitsaeyed gladiator was Implored by his
manager, "Don t gne up now, Eddie boy! You got a no-hitter
going!"
o
"In Africa." notes Danny Kaye, "native tribes beat the ground
and utter blood-curdling yelle. The anthropologists call this prim
itive expression. In Palm Springs we call tt golf."
O 1M1, by Bwnrtt Crf. Distribute by Kmi Features Syndicate
i 1
MEDFORD MAIL
"Cue.. Who"
.pjf,'!i ;Av- v)
S. White
about to do - and all we are
about to do - is this: 1. To
elect 435 members of the
House of Representatives, the
basic job of each being to look
after his district and then to
make such contributions to
national interest as he can. 2.
To elect that one-third of the
Senate where terms expire
this year - a Senate which
has an advisory role in foreign
policy, but still a Senate quite
incapable, by the Constitution
and in fact, or running that
show.
a
ALL this is precisely what
is in General Eisenhower's
mind, as it Is in Mr. Kennedy's
mind. It is also In the minds
of the party leaders in Con
gress iike Senators Mike
Mansfield of Montana for the
Democrats and Everett Dirk
sen of Illinois for the Repub
licans and their associates.
They know that foreign policy
in a time of many perils can
not safely be made the topic
for reckless disputation from
500 stumps this fall.
All this having been said,
the present prospect is that
the top fellows in both parties
will try to keep down idle
partisanship in this field - idle
because Congress can do little
about it anyhow - but that
lesser partisans will play this
mischievous game all the
same. Of course, free speech
is free speech, even if some
times irresponsible speech.
But a great distinction
should be borne in mind.
Criticism of national foreign
policy in crisis by private peo
ple - columnists included - is
one thing. But criticism of
that policy in such times by
elected members of a nation's
government, or those hoping
to be members, is another
tiling altogether. Private men
speak only for themselves and
bear no public responsibility.
Public men do bear public
responsibility and to some
degree they speak, or hope to
speak, for the United Stales
of America.
Swedish Scientists
Report Russian Test
Stockholm, Sweden - WPP
Swedish scientists reported
the Soviet Union set off a 9
megntnn nuclear explosion to
day at its Arctic testing site
of Novaya Zemlya.
The blast was detected by
monitoring devices at Stock
holm University.
It was the 10th of a series
the Russians began Aug. 5.
Explosions estimated at 15
mciiatons each were detected
Saturday and Sunday.
Stop Me
TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. ORECON
Indian-Red Chinese Border Dispute
Occasionally Bobs Back Into News
By PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign News Analyst
The Indan-Red Chinese bor
der dispute has been bubbling
along now for about three
years. Most of
the action has
( - ' I been confined
io occasional
hot words ex-
) I changed be
tween the two
- auwau,
Oaw'J I and here and
L'JLJ there a patrol
Newaom volved is an
area of some 51,000 square
miles along the Himalaya
spine separating India and
China. It is an inhospitable
area of towering mountains,
deep gorges, murderous win
ters and of communications
such that months may go by
before either side may know
of a border violation.
It is not on tourist maps
and most Westerners would
be hard put to locate Ladakh
(which is in the border area
Matter of Fact By joPh auoP
c New York Herald Trlbun Syndicate
THE MAKING OF EUROPE
Paris-Unless Prime Minis
ter Macmillan encounters an
unexpected revolt in the
House of Com
mons, it now
seems highly
likely that the
new Europe,
with Britain
as a full mem
b e r, will
shortly come
into being.
There could
be a revolt.
Alsop
of course. Or the Prime Min
ister could simply be intimi
dated by the loud agitation
against British entry into the
Common Market, and could
therefore be induced to ac
cept the alternative now be
ing discreetly offered by Gen.
de Gaulle - "an economic ar
rangement between Britain
and Europe" which would not
involve British membership.
All the same, the outlook
today is very different from
the outlook some months ago,
when Britain's admission to
the Common Market first be
gan to seem doubtful, be
cause Gen. de Gaulle's oppo
sition to Britain's admission
first began to be manifest.
rpHE French President's at
titude has not changed
since then in any material
way. If he had the sole say
in the matter, it is clear he
would much prefer the sug
gested British-European "ar
rangement" as the best way
out. What has changed, rath
er, Is the Gaullist calculation
on which the possible exclu
sion of Britain was based.
As first reported in this
space, while desiring Britain's
exclusion, de Gaulle never in
tended to keep Britain out
by his solitary veto; that, he
always knew, would be going
too far. He always Intended,
instead, to use his power to
prevent any material reduc
tion of the admission fee Brit
ain would have to pay.
And he calculated that if
the fee were not materially
reduced, the British would
refuse to pay. and would
therefore remain outside of
Europe.
As Gen. de Gaulle expect
ed the admission fee for Brit
ain has not been sharply cut
by the negotiations which
have taken place in the inter
val. But something else has
happened which de Gaulle did
not expect. The British have
shown strongest indications
that they mean to enter the
European club, even if they
have to pay the fee they for
merly described as impos
sibly high.
rpilE French have watched,
somewhat anxiously, for
any sign of a change in this
British intention, caused by
the anti-Common Market
storm at the Commonwealth
Prime Ministers' meeting in
London. There has been no
such sign to date. Hence Brit
ish entry into Europe may
perhaps be agreed upon in
the first round of the renew
ed British-European talks,
which are scheduled to begin
soon.
It must be added, however,
that there is one other un
certain, indeed unpredictable,
factor in the situation. It has
been introduced by de
Gaulle's triumphal tour of
Germany, where the French
President dropped hints about
the need for some sort of
closer "union" or more inti
mate "collaboration" between
Germany and France.
What de Gaulle was talking
about, It can be stated on
high authority, was a special
Franco-German political ar
rangement that would give
organic expression to his own
informal partnership with
Chancellor Adenauer. This
may come one day. Rut the
primary aim of de Gaulle's
hints, at this time, was to
force a renewal of the jtalled
negotiations for the creation
of a larger European political
community.
of northeast Kashmir on the
western end of the Indo-Chinese
border) or to describe
the habits of the Monba, Aka,
Dafla or Apa Tarange tribes
(who live along the border in
the northeast).
Clash on Border
Occasionally it bobs back
Into the news, as it did a few
days ago when it was an
nounced that Indian Defense
Minister Krishna Menon's de
parture for the United Na
tions General Assembly had
been delayed by new Red
Chinese incursions.
The forces involved were
45 men of an Indian outpost
and an undetermined number
of Red troops at that point
"several hundred yards
away,"
On the basis of the fore
going, the dispute would seem
to be isolated and not one at
the moment to intrude itself
upon other world problems.
Such is not the case. For
example:
President Mohammad Ayub
THESE negotiations were
broken off at the insistence
of the Dutch and Belgians.
The Dutch and Belgians have
always opposed their renew
al, on the grounds that deci
sions at this stage about the
future political organization
of Europe would make it
more difficult for the British
to join the club. The British
themselves have strongly in
dorsed this argument. The
blocking of the negotiations
has caused great annoyance
in Paris where Belgian For
eign Minister Paul -Henri
Spaak is especially unpopu
lar. "We cannot let our policy
be obstructed by a Spaak!"
Such was the formula em
ployed to explain the hints
dropped by de Gaulle in Ger
many. Besides a certain pique,
it clearly reveals the inten
tion to use the threat of
Franco-German political talks
as the lever, in order to force
the renewal of the larger Eu
ropean political talks.
p'VEN the most Europe
minded Frenchman now
favors such a renewal, with
out regard to the status of the
bargaining with the British.
Presumably this is because
they fear Chancellor Ade
nauer may not survive much
longer, and they want the
European political commu
nity to be established while
Adenauer remains in office.
If the lever works, and
talks about the political or
ganization of Europe are re
sumed at an early date, it is
hard to foresee the exact ef
fect in London. Most prob
ably, however, the effect will
be to hasten the British deci
sion to enter the Common
Market in order to be able
to join the unavoidably pro
tracted and complex political
discussion before major deci
sions have been reached.
In sum, although another
abrupt reversal of the trend
is always possible, the new
enlarged Europe seems to be
in the making. It may be
come a reality, politically as
well as economially, before
too many months have passed.
Witnesses Voted ,
Allowance Increase
Washington-IUPD-The Sen
ate Judiciary Committee Mon
day approved a bill that would
increase the per diem allow
ance for federal court witness
es from $4 to $6. their travel
allowance from 8 to 10 cents
a mile and subsistence allow
ance from $8 to $10 a day.
Communications
Letter to tiie Editor must
bear the rume and addreas of
the writer although undei rer
tain circumstances the use of a
pen nme ui initial for Duplica
tion Is M'tnisslble The Mall
Tribune reserves the riht to
edit all letters with an eve to
clarificattor- and condensation
Letter suhmittea for publlca.
Uon must not exceed 400 words
Has More Wisdom
To the Editor: One of the
chief gripes of Republicans
against Senator Morse is that
he had the good sense to
leave their party and Join one
of Jefferson, Jackson,
Cleveland and F D R. He is
an Intellectual who, while
having both feet firmly on
the ground, looks beyond the
immediate present.
In that very important
field of international politics
- Latin American affairs - he
is far better versed than is
his Republican opponent. It
would be the part of wisdom
to return him to the Senate.
David Frisch,
P.O. Box 292.
White City. Ore.
Hope He's Right
To the Editor: Mr. Kennedy
says: "We will beat the Rus
sians to the moon."
1 hope he is right, but if
we can't beat the Russians to
Cuba, how In 'ell are we go
ing to beat them to the moon?
Everett Acklin,
Ashland, Ore.
Khan of Pakistan and Prime
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of
India seldom see eye-to-eye.
In London during the last
week, at the meeting of com
monwealth prime ministers,
they have been in rare agree
ment in opposition to Bri
tain's entering the European
Common Market.
Their area of disagreement
is wide, but especially they
disagree on Kashmir which
presently is held jointly along
a cease-fire line. Ayub has
elected to reach tentative
agreements with Red China
on a border delineation over
that part of Kashmir he holds
and which India claims.
Chums With China
This has brought from
Nehru an expression of sur
Strictly Personal
By Sydney
(O Field Enterprises, Inc.
MOTTO OF MANKIND
Perhaps the most curious
and perplexing paradox of the
human race consists in t h e
fact that we
f lkTl ma'te progress
only in tne
things we do
not know.
Most of man
kind is ignor
ant of physics,
higher mathe
matics, engi
neering, genet-
Harna ' C S, ecology,
astronomy, medicine - indeed,
of every sphere in which tre
mendous and profound devel
opments have taken place
over the ages.
In the area of the things
we know - or, more accurate
ly, of the things we THINK
we know - we have made ab
solutely no progress since the
days of the Hebrew prophets,
the Greek philosophers, and
the Roman law-givers. It
might be argued, in fact, that
we have retrogressed in social
behavior.
Everybody thinks he un
derstands love and the ways
of the human heart. It is
impossible to tell someone
he Is delusive or dense on
this subject. And every
parent believes he knows
how io rear hia children.
As householders, we think
we know how io live in
amity with our neighbors
- if only ihey would let us.
And, aa voters, we are ab
solutely convinced that our
political prescriptions
would cure the ailing public
body.
Yet is is precisely here -In
personal, family, com
munity and international
relations - that we behave
not one whit better than
In the Day's News
By FRANK
In these modern days, most
of us have a vague idea that
the political entity known as
the United States of America
sprang forth full-panoplied
like Minerva from the brow
of Jupiter from the Revo
lutionary War,
It wasn't so.
THE Revolutionary War was
fought by the 13 original
colonies acting together under
a loose federation directed by
the First Continental Con
gress. This served to carry on
the war. For a brief period
after the surrender of Corn
wallis, the 13 American states
more or less went their sep
arate and sovereign ways
much as the Latin American
states do now.
But it was soon realized
that this wouldn't work, so
late in 1781 a weak central
government was established
by the Articles of Confedera
tion. IS A central government, it
A was a weak sister.
The separate states acted
like SEPARATE NATIONS.
They treated each other much
like independent foreign coun
tries. They quarreled incessantly
over boundaries, water rights,
currencies and commerce.
New York, for example, laid
taxes on firewood brought in
from Connecticut and on cab
bages Imported from New Jer
sey. Pennsylvania WENT TO
WAR to drive Connecticut set
tiers out of a disputed valley.
And so on.
PROM his estate at Mount
Vernon Washington watch
ed with growing uneasiness
this drift toward what seemed
to him to be a state of an
archy. He pleaded for a strong
er union. Men like Alexander
Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin
and James Madison seconded
his plea, and so in the fall of
1788 the Continental Congress
was led to issue a call to the
states to appoint delegates to
a convention to revise the
Articles of Confederation
The convention assembled
in Philadelphia in May of
1787, with Washington as Its
prise that a member of the
SEATO and CENTO treaties
suddenly should elect to
"chum up with China."
In London, Nehru has been
protesting the effect on In
dia's five-year plan if Britain
should join the common mar
ket and cut off common
wealth economic preferences.
On their side the British have
asked why Nehru is negotiat
ing to buy MIG Jets from Rus
sia rather than take his busi
ness to the hard-pressed Bri
tish aircraft industry.
As for Peiping, there is no
doubt concerning as to why
a supposed Red ally is selling
airplanes to a country which
someday might use them
against Red China.
It's a small world.
J. Harris
the Medes and the Persians,
the Gauls and the Goths.
What everybody knows,
nobody knows: this might
almost be the motto of man
kind. Those area in which
we think we require no in
structions because our
hearts, or our minds, or our
characters so easily grasp
them are the very areas
of continual conflict, of cir
cular motion, of frustration
and futility and defeat.
It may be that what the
theologians call "original
sin" is this assumption of
knowledge on our part: not
any particular sin, or any
kinds of sin, in the conven
tional sense of lhe word
but. rather, a spirtiual as
mosphere in which all of ui
are born and which we car
ry with us for a lifetime.
For notice-in those spheres
in which genuine progress has
been made, the pioneers and
innovators and discoverers
and inventors did not already
think they knew the answers.
They knew they were in the
dark, and struggled with great
difficulty to reach the light.
The rest of us think We are
in the light, and those who
disagree with us, are in the
darkness - so our struggle is
not with ourselves (as it
should be), but with them: to
make the loved one more re
sponsive, the child more trac
table, the neighbor more suit
able to our image.
The one thing in the world
a fish does not know is water,
because he is always contain
ed in it. And the one thing
we do not know is our ig
norance of ourselves, becauso
it surrounds us entirely. All
great teaching is an attack
upon this ignorance. So far,
all attacks have failed.
JENKINS
presiding officer. There were
55 delegates, and every stata
except Rhode Island was rep
resented. These 55 men then
proceeded to do a bold deed'.
Instead of merely revising tha
Articles of Confederation,
THEY WROTE A NEW CON
STITUTION. THIS bold step so frightened
some of the delegates that
they left for home. But the
rest of them stayed on, work
ing behind closed doors and
pledged to secrecy. Finally,
nearly four months after tha
convention began, the last ar
ticle of the document was
agreed upon and Washington
called on the delegates to affix
their signatures - and all but
three of them did. In his call
to the delegates to sign, Wash
ington said:
"Let us raise (here) a stand
ard to which the wise and hon
est can repair. The event is
in the hand of God."
It was signed on Sept. 17,
1787 175 years ago Mon
day. TT WAS this Constitution,
hammered out by great and
devoted patriots, of which
William Pitt. England's great
liberal minister, who had been
the firm friend of the 13 re
belling colonies all through
the War of the Revolution,
said:
"It will be pattern for ALL
FUTURE constitutions and the
admiration of all future ages."
The Founding Fathers who
drafted it are described by
historian David Muzzy as "a
group of men who have not
been surpassed in character
and ability by any body of
equal size in the history of
the world."
OO-
" On Monday
I No matter what we may
have been doing
I We should have paused for
at least a minute or so in si-
iui oiiu iicaiueii liioute to
these great men and great
patriots who nammered out
in those dark days 175 years
ago the Constitution that is
the foundation of our Ameri
can way of life.