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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (July 16, 1962)
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON . v. Y -. IVIL WAR New Leader for Virginia Army By MERTON T. AKERS UPI Correspondent Whatever military qualities John Pope may have posses sed, tact was not one of them. Summoned from the West where he had won a couple of victories, Major General Pope took command of Presl dent Lincoln's brand new Army of Virginia w'lh mis givings and reluctance ana promptly rubbed everybody the wrong way. "It became apparent to me at once," Pope wrote later, "that the duty assigned to me was in the nature of a lor- lorn hope, and my position was further embarrassed by the fact that I was called from another army and a dif ferent field of duty to com mand an army of which the corns commanders were all mv seniors in rank.' Pope's selection in the spring of 1862 was Lincoln's decision, apparently made without consultation with the War Department. Lincoln had known Pope's father in Illi nois and Pope himself had ac companied Lincoln to Wash ington for the inauguration as a sort of bodyguard. West Point Graduate This new army commander from the West was 40 ye-.s old and a West Pointer of the class of 1842, graduating in the upper fourth of his group. "Pope was a thickset man," Col. George H. Gordon of the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry wrote, "of an unpleasant ex pression, about 50 (sic) years of age, average height1, thick bushy whiskers and wearing spectacles. "There was no reserve ' about General Pope, he 'let out' In censure with such vig or that If words had been mis siles our army would never have failed for want of ammu nition . . . (his) freedom of speech infected his command. Swearing became an epidem ic .. . The newspapers laugh ed at Pope . . . and dubbed him 'five-cent' Pope. . ." Pope arrived in Washing ton in June 1862 to take over the new army made up of three corps commanded by Maj. Gen. Irwin McDowell, the loser at First Bull Run (Manassas); Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont', who had been recalled from Missouri, and Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, a political general from Mas sachusetts, whom Stonewall Jackson had routed. Framoni's Career Ends Fremont promptly refused to serve under Pope, his jun ior, and asked to be relieved. The Army just as promptly complied, and that was the end of Fremont's military ca reer in the Civil War. Troops making up the New Army of Virginia had been outfought and outmaneuver ed in the Shenandoah Valley by Jackson. Morale was low. Pope sought to correct that with a general order issued on July 4, 1862. "Let us understand each other," he wrote. "I have come to you from the West, where we have always seen the backs of our enemies; from an army whose business it has been to seek the adver sary, and to beat him when he was found; whose policy has been attack not defense ... I presume I have been called here to pursue the same system and to lead you against the enemy. It is my purpose to do so, and that speedily .... "I desire you to dismiss from your minds certain phrases, which I am sorry to find so much in vogue. I hear constantly of 'taking strong positions and holding them' and 'bases of supplies.' Let us discard sucii ideas . . . . "Let us study the probable lines of retreat of our oppo nents, and leave our own to take care of themselves . . ." Aimtd at McClellan The remarks about bases and retreats were aimed at Maj. Gen. George B. McClel lan whose Army of the Poto mac had been bested before Richmond and no Immobiliz ed in a fortified camp on the James river. McDowell and Banks also could read criti cism of their campaigns be tween the lines. Western ar mies had been more success ful than the Eastern armies. Pope's boasts. Instead of stif fening morale, had the oppo site effect. About this time Pope Is supposed to have told report ers that his headquarters would be "in the saddle." Wags soon turned the phrase into "Pope's headquarters are where his hindquarters ought to be.'" Pope began assembling his scattered corps early in July. Fremont's old corps, now com manded by Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel, German-born and edu cated, was ordered out of the Shenandoah valley to the east side of the Blue Ridge moun tains. Banks' corps also was pulled out of the valley and across the mountains. McDow ell's corps, scattered from Manassas to Fredericksburg, moved westward to consoli date with the other troops, ex cept for one division which was left in Fredericksburg, too far away to be effective. This concentration. Pope hoped, could move south to wards Charlottsville and Gor donsville, Va., which lay on the railroad connecting Rich mond and the valley. Valley Safe The proposed troop move ment came at the same time Lee's and McClellan's armies were fighting The Seven Days' battle east of Richmond and was designed to force the Confederates to detach troops to meet it. The valley was safe, for the time being at least, as Jackson's troops had been removed to Richmond. Lee paid iittle attention to Pope's, troop movements until the Seven Days' fighting was over and he had McCellan's army pinned down but not conquered. Then he sent Jack son to Gordonsville to watch Pope, dividing his army as he frequently would in the face of superior forces. McClellan stil lhad about 85,000 men and Pope's army numbered about 40,000. Lee had about 70,000 men, alto gether. Lee, however, correctly reckoned that the cautious McClellan would no attack again without reinforcements. McClellan spent all of July 1862 bombarding Wash ington for more men and promising If reinforced he still could take Richmond. He esti mated he would need "much over rather than under one hundred thousand men." Any such reinforcement was out of the question. Even if Pope's whole army went to the Peninsula it would be less than half the force McClellan wanted. That also would have opened Washington to a quick march by Jackson. Lincoln went to the Penin sula July 8 to see for himself. Clamor In the north for the removal of McClellan was growing. War Aims Outlintd McClellan greeted Lincoln with another of his remark able documents, this time a long letter outlining what he thought the war aims of the North should be. The key paragraph read: "It shall not be a war look ing to the subjugation of the people of any state in any event. It should not be at all a war upon population, but against armed forces and poli tical organization. Neither confiscation of property, poli tical executions of persons territorial organizations of states, or forcible abolition of slavery, should be contemplat ed for a moment." Lincoln read this lecture of the major general telling him how to run the country with out comment then - or ever. McClellan said in his me moirs 25 years later that the President "coldly refrained" from even mentioning the letter. MONDAY, JULY 16. 1962 OFFERS OF MARRIAGE Perth, Scotland-(UPD- Farm er Angus Rennie, 30, seeking a necessary adjunct to any new home, has posted this notice outside of his half-finished house: "What offers of marriage? Apply within when finished. Don't be shy, girls." v iJOTlC NEW GENERAL Whatever military qualities John Pope possessed, tact was not one of them. Summoned from the West to take command of President Lincoln's brand new Army of Virginia, he took the post with misgivings and reluctance and promptly alienated most of the military. He made it clear that he intended to fight and was discarding such concepts of war as "taking strong positions and hold ing them" and "bases of supplies". Pope is shown in a lithograph from the Library of Congress files. (UPI) Chamber Board to Support Cily Plan The Medford Chamber of Commerce board of directors recently declared that It is "willing and anxious" to par ticipate In the implementing of a "downtown plan" for Medford. At a board meeting last week, Otto Frohnmayer mov ed that the chamber refer to its committee on governmen tal affairs for study and early report to the board a report prepared for the city plan ning commission by the bu reau of municipal research and service at the University of Oregon. The report, dated March, 1962, deals with "Planning for the Central Business Dis trict, Medford." Frohnmayer further moved that the cham ber go on record with the Medford city council that it is "willing and anxious" to participate in the Implement ing of such a plan in accord ance with the suggestion con tained in the report. It was also moved that the bureau's report relating to "Planning for Public Build ings in Medford" also be re ferred to the chamber com- j mittee. The chamber empha-1 sized that it is desirous of j participating In the planning for public buildings in Med ford. I MODERN CLEANERS Hand Finished DRESSES Sparkling Clean! Crispy Sized! Professional Care for Your Wash and Wear! FREE PICK-UP & DELIVERY We Give S&H Green Stamps Modern Cleaners Phone 772-4590 211 West Main Across from Copco " BANANAS I IB lif 11 If 11 11 I Center cuts. Try Ik ? No. 1 Golden Ripe Froit j 1 Fresno Field-Ripened-large Slieers B M lift IV IlVrlU H cold pork for summer meals IW f m A I" t? 1 HI A if POtM STEAK a.-. jl.43' 1 Z Z5 11 l ! PORK HOCKS is ib 19 JUICE nfirti AniionAr ft s-i ! sno peak fresh rUnki dHUOHUC rsriOi. I I NEW POST CEREAL CRISPY CRITTERS .mM , 89 SUNSHINE-10-OZ. PKG. 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