MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON
. v. Y -.
IVIL
WAR
New Leader for Virginia Army
By MERTON T. AKERS
UPI Correspondent
Whatever military qualities
John Pope may have posses
sed, tact was not one of them.
Summoned from the West
where he had won a couple
of victories, Major General
Pope took command of Presl
dent Lincoln's brand new
Army of Virginia w'lh mis
givings and reluctance ana
promptly rubbed everybody
the wrong way.
"It became apparent to me
at once," Pope wrote later,
"that the duty assigned to me
was in the nature of a lor-
lorn hope, and my position
was further embarrassed by
the fact that I was called
from another army and a dif
ferent field of duty to com
mand an army of which the
corns commanders were all
mv seniors in rank.'
Pope's selection in the
spring of 1862 was Lincoln's
decision, apparently made
without consultation with the
War Department. Lincoln had
known Pope's father in Illi
nois and Pope himself had ac
companied Lincoln to Wash
ington for the inauguration
as a sort of bodyguard.
West Point Graduate
This new army commander
from the West was 40 ye-.s
old and a West Pointer of the
class of 1842, graduating in
the upper fourth of his group.
"Pope was a thickset man,"
Col. George H. Gordon of the
2nd Massachusetts Infantry
wrote, "of an unpleasant ex
pression, about 50 (sic) years
of age, average height1, thick
bushy whiskers and wearing
spectacles.
"There was no reserve
' about General Pope, he 'let
out' In censure with such vig
or that If words had been mis
siles our army would never
have failed for want of ammu
nition . . . (his) freedom of
speech infected his command.
Swearing became an epidem
ic .. . The newspapers laugh
ed at Pope . . . and dubbed
him 'five-cent' Pope. . ."
Pope arrived in Washing
ton in June 1862 to take over
the new army made up of
three corps commanded by
Maj. Gen. Irwin McDowell,
the loser at First Bull Run
(Manassas); Maj. Gen. John
C. Fremont', who had been
recalled from Missouri, and
Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks,
a political general from Mas
sachusetts, whom Stonewall
Jackson had routed.
Framoni's Career Ends
Fremont promptly refused
to serve under Pope, his jun
ior, and asked to be relieved.
The Army just as promptly
complied, and that was the
end of Fremont's military ca
reer in the Civil War.
Troops making up the New
Army of Virginia had been
outfought and outmaneuver
ed in the Shenandoah Valley
by Jackson. Morale was low.
Pope sought to correct that
with a general order issued
on July 4, 1862.
"Let us understand each
other," he wrote. "I have come
to you from the West, where
we have always seen the
backs of our enemies; from
an army whose business it
has been to seek the adver
sary, and to beat him when
he was found; whose policy
has been attack not defense
... I presume I have been
called here to pursue the same
system and to lead you
against the enemy. It is my
purpose to do so, and that
speedily ....
"I desire you to dismiss
from your minds certain
phrases, which I am sorry to
find so much in vogue. I hear
constantly of 'taking strong
positions and holding them'
and 'bases of supplies.' Let
us discard sucii ideas . . . .
"Let us study the probable
lines of retreat of our oppo
nents, and leave our own to
take care of themselves . . ."
Aimtd at McClellan
The remarks about bases
and retreats were aimed at
Maj. Gen. George B. McClel
lan whose Army of the Poto
mac had been bested before
Richmond and no Immobiliz
ed in a fortified camp on the
James river. McDowell and
Banks also could read criti
cism of their campaigns be
tween the lines. Western ar
mies had been more success
ful than the Eastern armies.
Pope's boasts. Instead of stif
fening morale, had the oppo
site effect.
About this time Pope Is
supposed to have told report
ers that his headquarters
would be "in the saddle."
Wags soon turned the phrase
into "Pope's headquarters
are where his hindquarters
ought to be.'"
Pope began assembling his
scattered corps early in July.
Fremont's old corps, now com
manded by Maj. Gen. Franz
Sigel, German-born and edu
cated, was ordered out of the
Shenandoah valley to the east
side of the Blue Ridge moun
tains. Banks' corps also was
pulled out of the valley and
across the mountains. McDow
ell's corps, scattered from
Manassas to Fredericksburg,
moved westward to consoli
date with the other troops, ex
cept for one division which
was left in Fredericksburg,
too far away to be effective.
This concentration. Pope
hoped, could move south to
wards Charlottsville and Gor
donsville, Va., which lay on
the railroad connecting Rich
mond and the valley.
Valley Safe
The proposed troop move
ment came at the same time
Lee's and McClellan's armies
were fighting The Seven
Days' battle east of Richmond
and was designed to force the
Confederates to detach troops
to meet it. The valley was
safe, for the time being at
least, as Jackson's troops had
been removed to Richmond.
Lee paid iittle attention to
Pope's, troop movements until
the Seven Days' fighting was
over and he had McCellan's
army pinned down but not
conquered. Then he sent Jack
son to Gordonsville to watch
Pope, dividing his army as he
frequently would in the face
of superior forces.
McClellan stil lhad about
85,000 men and Pope's army
numbered about 40,000. Lee
had about 70,000 men, alto
gether. Lee, however, correctly
reckoned that the cautious
McClellan would no attack
again without reinforcements.
McClellan spent all of
July 1862 bombarding Wash
ington for more men and
promising If reinforced he still
could take Richmond. He esti
mated he would need "much
over rather than under one
hundred thousand men."
Any such reinforcement
was out of the question. Even
if Pope's whole army went to
the Peninsula it would be less
than half the force McClellan
wanted. That also would have
opened Washington to a quick
march by Jackson.
Lincoln went to the Penin
sula July 8 to see for himself.
Clamor In the north for the
removal of McClellan was
growing.
War Aims Outlintd
McClellan greeted Lincoln
with another of his remark
able documents, this time a
long letter outlining what he
thought the war aims of the
North should be.
The key paragraph read:
"It shall not be a war look
ing to the subjugation of the
people of any state in any
event. It should not be at all a
war upon population, but
against armed forces and poli
tical organization. Neither
confiscation of property, poli
tical executions of persons
territorial organizations of
states, or forcible abolition of
slavery, should be contemplat
ed for a moment."
Lincoln read this lecture of
the major general telling him
how to run the country with
out comment then - or ever.
McClellan said in his me
moirs 25 years later that the
President "coldly refrained"
from even mentioning the letter.
MONDAY, JULY 16. 1962
OFFERS OF MARRIAGE
Perth, Scotland-(UPD- Farm
er Angus Rennie, 30, seeking
a necessary adjunct to any
new home, has posted this
notice outside of his half-finished
house:
"What offers of marriage?
Apply within when finished.
Don't be shy, girls."
v iJOTlC
NEW GENERAL Whatever military qualities John Pope
possessed, tact was not one of them. Summoned from the
West to take command of President Lincoln's brand new
Army of Virginia, he took the post with misgivings and
reluctance and promptly alienated most of the military. He
made it clear that he intended to fight and was discarding
such concepts of war as "taking strong positions and hold
ing them" and "bases of supplies". Pope is shown in a
lithograph from the Library of Congress files. (UPI)
Chamber Board to
Support Cily Plan
The Medford Chamber of
Commerce board of directors
recently declared that It is
"willing and anxious" to par
ticipate In the implementing
of a "downtown plan" for
Medford.
At a board meeting last
week, Otto Frohnmayer mov
ed that the chamber refer to
its committee on governmen
tal affairs for study and early
report to the board a report
prepared for the city plan
ning commission by the bu
reau of municipal research
and service at the University
of Oregon.
The report, dated March,
1962, deals with "Planning
for the Central Business Dis
trict, Medford." Frohnmayer
further moved that the cham
ber go on record with the
Medford city council that it
is "willing and anxious" to
participate in the Implement
ing of such a plan in accord
ance with the suggestion con
tained in the report.
It was also moved that the
bureau's report relating to
"Planning for Public Build
ings in Medford" also be re
ferred to the chamber com- j
mittee. The chamber empha-1
sized that it is desirous of j
participating In the planning
for public buildings in Med
ford. I
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