Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (July 2, 1962)
12 A MONDAY. JULY 2, 1962 MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGOtS CIVIL WAR' By MERTON T. AKERS UPI Correspondent Not until July 3, 1862, did the North learn that its Army of the Potomac had been de feated on the Virginia Pen insula and lay penned up and in peril, licking its wounds at Harrison's Landing on the James River. The North recoiled. Col umns of casualty figures in the newspapers hammered home the bad tidings to Nor therners who had forgotten for the moment, at least that war meant battles and that battles meant death and maiming, The last vestiges of hope for a "quirk war" died and in its place grew f-lowly but surely, the cold realization sacrifice, more taxes and more calls for troops if the South was to be subdued. And with defeat came re newed clamor to make this Civil War a war to free the slaves and use tliem io speed up victory rather than a cru sade solely to maintain the Union. Seitei Opportunity Sen. Charles Sumner of Masfachusetts, a dedicated radical Republican and anti slavery man, seized this op portunity to press his case. He visited the While House twice on July 4, urging Presi dent Lincoln to re-dedicate Ihe holiday to ihc einaniepa tion of the slaves Lincoln was still not con vinced ihal the time was a, hand. He told Sumner tlrA Small Worlds Around Us By LYNN M. WATKINS (Register jnd Tribune Syndicate 19621 Crayfish Doesn't Know Why He Swallows Sand Whether you call them crawfish or crayfish . . . whe ther you use a small one for fish boil or a large one to eat . . . alters not at all the strange facts about 'Ms member of the crab family to which the lobster also belongs. Of course the crayfish has not the faintest Idea why it is forced by an exacting na ture to swallow a quantity of sand from time to time, or why the creature's inner me chanism directs some of this sand in a specific direction and deposits it in a certain internal sac. This is all taken care of without Hie crayfish's con scious knowledge, but without that sand the crayfish would not know whether he was go ing or coming; whether he was bottomside up or upside down. It is the sand grains press ing against certain nerve ends Ihat give the crayfish his sense of position; keep his senses from misinforming him as to his balance or position. Inside the crayfish's body Is a tiny slatocysl, a little sac which encloses a series of nerves. The sand grains press against the nerves, imparling lo (lie creature its body po sition. It's a lucky crayfish Ihal reaches maturity, a time lapse of several years. In the envi ronment In which he lives he must combat many enemies; dangers of many kinds threat en constantly. Even uejathcr conditions are "hazards. A falling water period may end his struggle long before he reaches adult hood. Evidently falling water triggers a peculiar activity, for he begins to dig himself a hole. Ifi, really a little well which he constantly deepens as the water level falls. He even begins building a little round dike around Die hole by depositing marble-sized pellets of dirt about the en trance. Another effective ruse Ihe crayfish uses, mainly to es cape an enemy, is Ihe tail-flip. The fan-shaped tail is brought under the body with a violent swoop. This propels Ihe cray fish backwards and at the same time stirs up a cloud of mud in which the creature can hide. The crayfish lias four pairs of legs and a pair of pinchers in front. These are really mod ified forelegs or should we ray fiflhlcgs. These pinchers are very powerful, strong enouuh to crush weak shells which, along with aquatic worms, furnish Ihe crayfish with a varied and adequate diet it's "too big a lick now." He still feared the impact on the border states if he freed the slaves as a war measure Yet he also knew that if he de layed much longer, Congress would take the issue out of his hands. Sumner quoted Lincoln as saym., on that Fourth ol July: "I would do it if I were not afraid that half the officers would fling down their arms and three more states would rise At the time Congress- had before it the Conliseation and Emancipation bill. Republican governors were pressin J for its enactment. Gov. ltjchara Yates of Illinois was typical. "Blows must be struck a1, the vital parts of the relx Uien,' lie wrote lo Liieoln. The bid passed July 12 and Lii-coln telegraphed his Illinois friend: "Dick, hold still and see the salvation of God.' Enthusiasm Lacking Lincoln signed the bill July 17 without enthusiasm. The act provided that slaves of all rebels wherever reached were free, but loyal slave owners were not affected. No escaped slaves were to be re turned. But military questions pressed in as the lull story of the Peninsula defeat fil tered in with arrival of offi cers from the Army oi the Potomac. Lincoln had read par! ef Maj. Gen. George B. McCIcl lan's frantic telegram of de feat, dated June 28 from the Seven Days' battlefield. The telegram ended with the bit ter paragraph: "If I save this army now, I tell you plainly that I owe no thanks to you (Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton) or any oilier person in Washing ton. You have done your best to sacrifice this army.' Stanton and Lincoln did not sec those words. Col. E.S. Stanford, supervisor of tele graph, struck them out on his own responsibility. But they saw plenty to warn them that all was not well on the Pen insula. Fortunately for Northern morale the telegraph was not made public for seven months. II would be two years before the last two senlcnces were published in McClellan's bat tle report. Lincoln now began lo pick up ihe pieces and try to fit Bad Tidings for the North although unpopular, adminis- j tralor. His value as comman-' der lay largely in taking over the paper work which Stan-) ton and Lincoln had been 1 handling since McClellan had ! j slancd for the Peninsula. I Obviously the Union must : have more troops. How to! raise them now with a Union ! downcast by McClellan's de- feat was the biggest military j question. Slanton had uspended re I cruiting when the Peninsula campaign started. The North read into this the implication 1 that the Union had enough ; men to sec the war through, i Secretary of State William I H. Seward undertook the task of breaking the news to se lected governors that the na tion needed more troops 300.000 more. Then the gov ernors were to "request" the President to call the new lev ies. He went first to see Govs. Edward Morgan of New York and Andrew Curtin of Penn sylvania, carrying a letter from Lincoln which said in part: "I expect to maintain this contest until successful or till I die, or am conquered, or my term expires, or Congress or the country forsakes me: and I would publicly appeal to the country for the new force, were it not that I fear a general panic and stampede would follow. . . " The governors made the re quest and the troops came. The victorious Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee had about as many problems in winning as Lincoln had in defeat. His army of about 75.000 men in' high spirits after their Seven Days' success des pite heavy casualties still guarded Richmond and watch ed the beleaguered Army of the Potomac. ; Not Satisfied Lee was not satisfied with ! the way his army had per formed. It had been put to- gether hastily in the face of 1 invaders. It had not function !ed smoothly. Lee diagnosed : the trouble as too many in . dependent commanders with inadequate coordination. Ba sic Confederate military law provided only for units up to and including divisions. Le saw the need for an organi zation by corps. While wail ing for the law to be amend ed, Lee designated two "com mands" which later would be. cone the 1st and 2nd corps. Maj. Gen. James (Old Petel Longstreet was given the first "command" and Jackson the second. Organization of the n e v Union army of Virginia under Pope posed a threat. He sent Jackson with the 2nd "com mand" nortli to watch Pope. Longstreet's troops were kept around Richmond to watch the army of the Potomac, also still a threat. NORTH RECOILS - On July 3. I8(i2 the North recoiled at the news that its Army of the Potomac had been defeated, and the casualty lists hammered home the bad tidings. The: last vestiges of hope for a "quick war" died, and in its place' grew the realization that the Union faced more sacrifice, more taxes and more calls for troops. Lincoln, center, was pressured by politicians on the slavery issue. Sen. Charles i Sumner of Massachusetts, upper left, urged Lincoln to email-' cipatc the slaves. Lincoln was not convinced the lime was j right. He feared the resignation of some of the Army's off t- j ccrs and the revolt of three more states. Gov. Richard Yates j of Illinois, lower left, was one of the state leaders pressing for the enactment of the Confiscation and Emancipation bill then before Congress. Lincoln, although opposed to the measure, signed it. lie now began to piece together the parti j of the shattered military situation. He appoinied Maj. Gen. John Pope, upper right, to head a new force, called the Army of Virginia. Then, on July 11, Lincoln named Maj. Gen.! Henry W. Halleck, lower right, as commander of all the I Union Armies. The pieces would now begin to fit. (UPI) ! won a measure of success in ! the West by capturing New Madrid, Mo., and Island No. 10 in tile Mississippi. He had commanded one wing oi me Union army which occupied ; Corinth. Miss., in the spring i of '62 after Ihc battle of Shi loh. j Then Lincoln began look- ing around for a man to head I all the armies. Late in June I he made a hasty trip to West ; Point and spent a day talk j ing with old Gen. Winfield j Scott, living there in retiri menf. Close-Mouthed TRADTI THE! 3- ---" t Porcelain w3iJ ni0 Sy- n " io-ib. Tub C rrnN- C" Cap'1Ci,, s" ' " Wator 'iji . i :. Control I Triple ; i Riming '': Genuine ;: : ,:; ;. -' 3-Cycle !' -'J i ' i i Full Time I Underwater I . "3 , j Filler ' J Automatic ' 1 '' i"" I Swirl. Out lY.il -"T"""1 Cold Water 1 j ! Rm, 1 Sclcclof WITH YOUR TRADE Operating or Not MATCHING DRYER 169 00 NEEDS NO SPECIAL WIRING NO DOWN PAYMENT WE SERVICE 1ST PAYMENT AIL IN SEPTEMBER MAKES 132 So. Central Phone 772-4131 Petersons Visit Friends in Area Mr. and Mrs. Eugene K. Peterson, Washington, D, C formerly of Medford, have been visiting here for several days Willi family and friends. "Pete" Peterson fornierl was head of the district office of the bureau of land manage ment, and since then has served in both the state of fice in Portland and in Wash ington. lie recently was named chief of the new branch of recreation tor the BLM, which is charged with the responsi bility of inventorying the rec reationa potential of the many millions of acres of U L M administered lands throughout the nation, and then preparing plans for their recreation, lie also works co operatively witli state and county recreational agencies, i He worked with the new bureau of outdoor recreation 1 for ; few months after it : was first created, and then was named head of the other new agency. Both arc in the Department of the Interior. lie is now en route to Se attle. Wash., to attend the In st World Conlorenee on Na tional Parks starting today, and later will proceed to Alas ka and Montana before re turning to Washington. Mrs. Peterson. Ihe former "A" Latham, is the sister of Mrs. Mark Taylor and of Ger ald Latham, both Medford. Five Area Students Get Scholarships The Oregon State Schol ir ship commission, Eugene, re cent ly awarded scholarship-; lo five Jackson county stu dents. Recipients are Judith F.ber harl and Peggy Parsons, graduates of Ashland llic.ii school; James Nelson and Jeffrey Aiihoin, Crater High school; and J tunes Tungiuc. Meiifonf High school The scholarships may be used at any public or private college in Oregon or other schools approved by tile Northwest Association of Sec ondary and Higher schools They are renewable for up to four years if the stud-Mi remains eligible. Santa Monica. Calif U'l Actress Pamela Mason :i.is filed a separate maintenance suit against her husband, ac tor James Mason, an, I asked $H.0H0 monthly suppo.-t from the British -horn star. this Chinese puzzle into a suc cessful military pattern. First he united Ihe scatter ed forces in the Shenandoah Valley which Rebel Maj. Gen. Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson ha 1 left befuddled with other Union troops in northern Virginia. Instead of naming Maj. Gen. John C. Fremont. Ma;. Gen. Nathan iel P. Banks or Maj. Gen. Ir win McDowell, i.ie discred ited leaders, to command. Lin coln reached into the West and came up witli Maj. Gen. John Pope lo head this new force, called the Army of Vir ginia Tlie appoinlnicnt was made June 2(i, the day Con federate Gen. Robert E. Lee launched the Seven Days' battle, which resulted iw the retreat of the Army of the Potomac, breaking the siege of Richmond. Pope wiK a West Pointer. Mexican War veteran and in 11102 just turned 411. lie had Lincoln was close-mouthed ; about the conversalions. Whatever Lincoln and Scott talked about, the President on July 11 named Maj. Gen.! Henry W. Ilallcck as comman- del- of all the Union armies. Halleck had aninlv demon strated his incompetency in : the field. Yet lie was an able. h'&:A ' Oil, gas, or electricity are all "clean, dependable, efficient and modern" methods of heating. The difference is money. THE FACT IS . . . OIL HEAT COSTS LESS THAN GAS OR ELECTRICITY. It's as simple as that. It's simple, too, to save important money for years to come. Just insist on safe, low cost Oil Heat when building or buying a home. Save with Oil Heat, too, when converting or modernizing your present heating system. STUDY HOME: LOCATION: HEATING COSTS COMPARISONS: Contemporiry, with 3 bedrooms,, 1,600 sq. ft. Medford and vicinity Gas costs 41 MORE than oil heat Electricity costs 97',o MORE than oil heat GET THE FACTS,.. Ask your local oil dealer or write the Oil Heat Insti tute, 433 N. E. 22nd Avenue, Portland, for the HEATING ENGINEER. STUDY and prove it to yourself the FACT is Oil Heat costs less. MEDFORD OIL HEAT DEALERS know 2l better reason to have lowcost Oil Heat? i - ? - . i ft " WV i 1 s In 7 iF 'A- FKKKDOM does not confer linatu'iiil security . . . only Ihe opportunity to work and save for it. A reg-nlar sav ing's program with us will start you on IK'l jllil your way. Sav ings insured by the KPL1C ... a I'.S. Government agency. Investment made by the tenth earns ti of the first. l. and LOAN ASSOCIATION 201 West 6th Fr Customer Purking in Our lot &t,Vt!i P. Kyle, Mgr. ' ' I I , , ' " ' ; , ' 4 s v . j I ; . j o '. 9 0 0 e V 0 a o e 'l
