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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (June 24, 1962)
MEDFOBD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON SUNDAY. JUNE 24, 19B2 Court Decision from The Hague Could Make or Break the UN By DONALD JOHNSTON United Presi International United Nations, N. Y. -(L'PD-A court decision that could make or break the United Na tions as a guardian of world peace will be handed down soon at The Hague. The ruling will be by the 15 Judges of the International Court of Justice, the judicial arm of the UN. It will be an advisory opinion on whether the UN General Assembly can force its members to share the cost of security mis sions such as those in the Congo (ONUC) and the Gaza Strip (UNEF). The question generally Is regarded as the most impor tant ever to come before the court. Huns Up Deficit Because Russia, France, Portugal, Belgium, South Af rica and many other nations have not paid their assess ments for ONUC or UNEF, the UN has run up a deficit which threatens it with finan cial collapse. U Thant, the acting secretary general, has estimated the debt may soon reach $170 million. ONUC, which began in July, 1960, has cost an aver age of $10 million a month. UNEF, established in 1956, has averaged $1.62 million month. The crisis is a result of a conflict among members in Interpreting the UN charter as to whether payment of as sessments for security opera tions is mandatory. . Asks World Court In an effort to resolve the BUCKHORN MINERAL SPRINGS AfihUnd, Ore. 4S Enjoy health. I til. coniiuri, and hospitmity amidst pleas ant surroundings. HOT MINI TIM. BATHS for Rheumatism. Arthritis, Neu ritis and Nervousness. e rAniioN nioxiDE vapor BATHS (or Hich and Low Blond Pressure, Sinus, and Skin Eruptions. LODGE AND LIGHT HOUSKKKEI'ING CABINS at Reasonable Rales. Writs for Reservations PHONE LONG DISTANCE Buckhorn Mineral Springs DR. HERMAN WEXLER, D.C. Director I20i Buekhorn Sprints Road Ashland, Oregon conflict, the General Assem bly last December asked the world court for an opinion on whether the ONUC and UNEF costs are "expenses of , the organization" which, un-I der article 17 of the charter, "shall be borne by the mem-1 bers as apportioned by the ! General Assembly. A majority of members, in cluding the United States and Britain, say article 17 is ap plicable. The Soviet bloc, France and others who refuse to pay insist it is not. Enforcement of article 17 would be derived from arti cle 19 which states that any nation whose financial con tributions fall more than two years behind shall lose its vote in the assembly. Partial Cause Noted A partial cause of the dis pute is the fact that funds for financing ONUC and UNEF were established separately from the regular UN budget. There has been little difficul ty collecting assessments for t h e regular budget, which covers normal administrative expenses. The idea of taking the dis pute to the international court is one part of a two pronged western campaign, led by the United States, to unravel the United Nations' financial mess. The other part is the emergency $200 mil lion bond issue designed to give the organization breath ing time until fiscal balance is restored. Seventeen nations submit ted written arguments to the court. Nine nations presented additional oral arguments during two weeks of hearings in May before the court be gan its final deliberations. The written legal argu ments are kept secret until a decision is handed down, but it is known that Russia, France, Czechoslovakia, Por tugal, South Africa, Spain and Upper Volta submitted appeals for a negative ruling. Russia was the only nation to argue orally for the nega tive and it was the first time the Soviets ever have been represented before the World Court. In presenting Russia's case, Prof. Gregoyi Tunkin, direc tor of the judicial treaty de partment of the Soviet for eign ministry, advanced two main arguments: The charter empowers only the Security Council (where Russia has veto pow er), and not the assembly, to set up an international arm ed force, and the manner in which the ONUC and UNEF operations have been conduct ed is in violation of the char ter. Should Be Responsible UNEF was established as a result of British, French and Israeli aggression in Egypt, and the Congo operation was necessitated by "Belgian ag gression, supported by Bel gium's partners in NATO, against the young Congolese republic." The nations respon sible for the aggression, Tun kin said, should be responsi ble for financing the peace missions. Abram L. Chayes, legal ad viser of the U. S. State depart ment and professor of law at Harvard university, told the court that countries default ing on UN assessments were ignoring the fact that the United Nations "in the 15 years since its adoption has Art Classes Are Set For Young Summer art classes for chil dren 6 through 14 are being sponsored this year by the Rogue Valley Art association in conjunction with the Med ford Junior Service league. Registration is scheduled Tuesday, June 26, at the gal lery, 220 West Main St., Med ford. The gallery is open be tween noon and 4 p.m. Classes; will start Thursday, June 28,' in the city park. Enrollment fees for the six week course is $10 for stu dents between 6 and 9 years of age, and $12 for those 10 to 14. The younger group will meet between 9 and 10 a.m. each Thursday. The older group will meet the same day between 10 and 11:30 a.m. Included In the instruction will be the use of water color, chalk, crayon and charcoal. All materials will be furnish ed, according to Mrs. Edwin Gebhard, instructor. Additional information may be obtained by telephoning Mrs. Gebhard, 664-1841, or Mrs. Sam Richardson, 772-9985. successfully defended a pre carious peace." Contribute Voluntarily "In Palestine and Kashmir, on the Gaza Strip, in Lebanon and now in the Congo, armed contingents contributed vol untarily by their own govern ments and acting with the United Nations has the power, (1) as an arbiter in disputes live opinion is debatable. consent of all states concern- by resolution of the General between states; (2) as an ad ed have operated successfully Assembly, to require t h e viser on legal questions sub under the flag and command j members to pay for lawful ' mitted by an organ of the of the United Nations, he i expenditures. He said expens- United Nations or its agen- aid. Regarding the charter, Cha yes argued in essence that the es incurred under the resolu-1 cies. Decisions are by a ma- tions establishing ONUC and jonty of the judges present P.O. Box 252 By NORMA CLARK UNEF are a legal obligation of the world organization. Britain, Canada, the Neth erlands, Australia, Ireland, Italy and Norway also spoke for enforcement of article 17. The hearings took place in the high-ceilingcd, oak-panel ed court room of The Hague's Peace Palace, headquarters of the World Court since it was established in 1946. The present court succeeded the old permanent Court of In ternational Justice which was set up by the League of Na tions in 1921. The court acts in two ways: RANCH IB r 5 ...v MrtL ) 11'!' 1 - ARE SO EASY TO INSTALL A 5 f -Os r ''' tvA L Ma , - V -i '1 1 P"1 . .MmJ 3-Rail Model Shown 1 RAIL to 6 RAILS FOR ANY SPECIFIC NEED Yard Garden Pathway Patio Pool Corral . . . And they cost so little at . . . Tough, kiln-dried Oregon lodgepole pins turned in special machines to perfect 3-inch diameter rails which fit into pre-drilled 5-inch diameter posts to make the strongest end most distinctive of fences. JUST FIT IT TOGETHER . . . AND YOUR FENCE IS BUILT! . . . We Provide Everything but Post Holes All you need are RANCH ROUNDS and postholes Plenty of free Offsrreer Customer 'Parking I 5333 HORSE BOATS RETURN TO WINNIPESAUKEE Not since the turn of the century have horse boats been seen on 72-square mile Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hamp shire. The horse-powered barge-like boats made, their debut on the big lake during the 1830's, and they were used primarily for the trans portation of freight. Some were powered by a single horse, others by a pair or more. Old-timers say the boats used to do about four miles per hour. They have long fascinated John Goodhue, one of New England's major boat yard owners, who is building an exact replica of one of the original boats to launch this summer during New Hamp shire's "Festival of 1300 Lakes" celebration. Mr. Goodhue says he has been told that horse boats are still in use in Holland, but as far as he knows that is the only place on earth where they still might be seen. "The horses worked on treadmills located well back in the boat," Mr. Goodhue writes. "The treadmills, turn, were rigged up to paddle wheels, one on either side of the vessel. Sitting on a plank, running between twin cabins, Selective Logging Sales Completed On Rogue Forest Two selective logging sales were completed recently on the Prospect Ranger district, Rogue River National forest. C. M. and D. Logging com pany of Prospect completed removal of 1 million board feet of timber from 96 acres on the Prospect flat. The timber sale, purchased by Olson - Lawyer Lumber company, harvested mature trees which over - topped a thick understory of saplings and poles. Considerable care was required in order to re move the large old growth trees while preserving a valu able young growth. The job of logging has left a vigorous stand of young trees which the forest service will thin to improve their growth rate, according to C. E. Brown, forest supervisor, Under proper protection and management this area will yield an even larger vol ume of timber within 30 to 40 years. Another Sale Another recently complet ed sale was logged by B. F. Nork Logging company of Shady Cove. This sale, in the Flat Creek drainage, harvest ed 1 million board feet of timber and was purchased by Southern Oregon Plywood. An understory of pole size trees was released for faster growth by removal of the old growth stand. Brown noted. The road which provided access to the timber was built two years ago as part of an other timber sale operated by the same two companies. Portions of the logging slash resulting from the re moval of the timber will be hand piled by forest service crews. Areas of thick slash are being tractor piled by the loggers. This fall when snow blankets the areas the forest service will burn the slash piles. Purpose of burning the slash is to return the timber stands to as safe a fire hazard condition as existed before logging took place, Brown said. the first place. was a driver close to the rumps of the horses and also close enough to the stern so he could control the direc tion of the boat with a long oar, or 'sweep.' "The hustle and bustle of servicing and getting about 500 boats out since Winnip esaukee cleared of ice late in April hat delayed me in getting this project under way. There are so many in terruptions during the day that I'm 'burning the mid night oil,' and the night crew Is getting the interest ing job, under my supervi sion, of building the horse powered boat. "Locating 'antique' tread mills in pairs heavy enough to support the two big work horses has been such a vex ing problem that for awhile I contemplated using a motor somewhere within the boat to help motivate It. But just re cently I ran across one set of double treadmills in good condition in neighboring Tuft. onboro. Now if I can find second set, it will be unnec essary to give the horses mechanical boost. "Nearby in the stables of Belknap County Farm are two pairs of elegant, chestnut Belgian horses, awaiting the day of launching, which is planned for July 4. They be long to Norman Hubbard, prominent Laconia dairyman, who is also the owner of a sizeable sled dog kennel. "King and Diamond, weigh ing about 1,800 pounds apiece, will work in competition with Betsy and Nancy, who weigh in at 1,700 pounds each. The winning pair of horses will doubtless gain national fame since the horse boat doing a 'comeback' has already at tracted attention from coast to coast. Hubbard says he sort of hopes the boys will win out over the girls. 'You can talk to them, man to man,' he explains. "His Belgians have been seen at country fairs and in parades, and King and Dia mond grandly hauled the old stagecoach at the an nual Columbus Day Sand wich Fair. The horses have been used for general farm chores, so working the boat will be child's play for either pair. All they will have to do is walk with nothing heavier to haul than sightseers out for ex cursions across the lake. Taking a leisurely stroll on cool, beautiful - Winnipe saukee in the good old sum mertime beats doing chores any day in the week. "Many special events are planned for the 'Festivil of 1300 Lakes,' but we think it's quite likely that the horse boat will win the honors 'hands down' for the most fas cinating attraction to be staged." Mrs. Tweedy Serves A! Aquatic School Mrs. Larry Tweedy, Jack sonville, is serving as a nurse at the National Aquatic school being conducted at Twin Echo resort at Randrum, Idaho, by the American Na tional Red Cross. Mrs. Tweedy is one of sev eral Red Cross nurses who is on duty during the training. The school, at which some 75 future water safety in structors are undergoing a 10- day training program, is one of three western schools which will be conducted dur ing June and August to train instructors for swimming, lifesaving and small craft safely. The Red Cross has been conducting national aquatic schools throughout the nation since 1922, and has trained more than 78,000 water safety instructors in the past 40 years. Enrollment in the school includes students from Wash ington, Oregon, California, Montana, Utah and Jdaho. Sessions and practice will continue daily through June 30. and judgments are without appeal. Resolve Disputes The court has helped re solve some important dis putes. A 1950 ruling settled a French - American quarrel about rights of U. S. citizens in Morocco. A decree in 1951, led to the peaceful settlement of an oil dispute between Britain and Iran. In' 1957, Egypt agreed to accept the court's jurisdiction in disputes arising out of its administra tion of the Suez canal. The current president of the court is Bohdan Winiarski, 78, of Poland, a former in mate of a Nazi concentration camp and a long-time profes sor of international law at the Academy of International Law in The Hague. Among the judges are Phil ip C. Jcssup of the United States, a Columbia universr.y professor and former U. S. delegate at the United Na tions; and Vladimir M. Ko-1 retszky of the Soviet Union. I vice president of the Soviet International Law association and author of more than 50 works on international law. At the United Nations, the dominant but cautious specu lation has been that the court will rule affirmatively. This p. is based on the fact that all resolutions on ONUC, UNEF, the proposal to go to the court, and the emergency bond issue have nassed by comfort able margins. The court's opinion will be only advisory, and will re quire further action by the assembly if it is to be en forceable. Most diplomats here believe, however, that the assembly, once having asked for the opinion, will follow it up. This has been the practice in the past Abiding Is Debatable Whether the Comm would abide by an affirma- Soviet delegates said last What will happen if tha December that Moscow would ! court's opinion is negative is not alter its position on the ' not known. Few non-Commu-basis of the court's action. 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