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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (May 3, 1962)
g THURSDAY. MAY 3, 1962 MLDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORP. OREGON 'De Facto' Segregation of Northern Schools Being Tested in Courts Editor! notti Tha light ever d.i.gr.gaiion el pub lie ichooli hat not ben confin.d to in South this yaar. Ntgro.i in many noriharn eititi, basing Ihtir arguments on iho 19S4 Su pram Court school d. i.gr.gaiion d.cition, hlr. charged racial garryman daring of ichool districts and takan thair caiet to iha iadaral courtt. Tha fol lowing diipatch axamina tha background and tha tactics of tha northarn school sagragation issua. By DAVID SMOTHERS UPI Corraipondsnt "De facto" is a Latin phrase which, roughly trans lated, means "in fact." In northern courts and in northern cities, the words "de facto" have become the trade mark of a new phase of the nation's running dispute over racial segregation of the pub lic schools. Suits have been filed In the federal courts charging that northern communities are practicing racial segregation in fact, even though their state and city laws recognize no discrimination between white and colored persons. In towns through New York state and New Jersey and in such cities as Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Kansas City, Kan., and Los Angeles, courts have been challenged on the twin issue of whether "de facto segregation" exists and what they're going to do about it. Sometimes the suits have been filed by the National Association for the Advance ment of Colored People. In other cities grousp of Negroes have hired their own lawyers to press their demands, osten sibly without backing or urg ing from an national organi zation. In a few cases, the Justice Department has filed briefs as friend of the court in support of the Negro groups. Issue tha Same In almost every major case the issue has been the same whether Negro children are receiving equal educational opportunities or whether trickery in school districting is confining colored young sters to inferior, "de facto" who their war, the influx of immigrants were Induced to make homes there after the has been absorbed in economy. It would seem thai living in Oregon reminds Cliff of the western part of Australia where he spent most of his time. The principal industries there, as in Oregon, are lum bering, mining, wheat and sheep raising, he points out. There was a time when the only product noted as typical of Australia was wool,v from the vast sheep raising activi ty of the early days. Now, experiments in the southwestern region have re sulted in extensive citrus plantations. Visitor To Australia Reports Quiet Front By SID HOLLINGSWORTH Mail Tribune Correspondent White City All is quiet on the western front of Aus- tralia, Cliff Pringle reports. He is a member of the dom Iclllary who recently returned from a visit with his family at Perth, a seaport city on the southwest coast of the conti nent. "Australia is busy. Every body is working and while there is some concern about the situation in southeast Asia, life moves along in the way of progress and development," Pringle says. He spent the past three months there, part of the time in travel to the eastern sec tor where the big cities of Melbourne and Sydney are lo cated. Progress Made Progress has been made in many ways in this new world of enterprise, and while Prin gle, a quiet and unassuming leather craftsman here, says little, he is much impressed with the showing that has been made since his last visit there. World War II was the turn ing point in the history of Australia. It Is still a land of fabulous resources. The rich est square mile of gold bear ing land in the world is lo cated near Perth. The gold belt is 1,000 miles long and 200 miles wide. The gold rush of the 80'j made the town, but only the sur face has been scratched. Oth er minerals, including iron, also are there in abundance. Changes Continent The need for a base in WW II changed the continent from a strictly agricultural to an industrial nation and its great est source of wealth today is the production and process ing of raw materials. The problem there, as in the United States, is to find markets abroad for this out put. The British common wealth is the chief consumer but Australia Is hoping for increased trade in the region, through raising the standard of living In this part of the world. The United States buys hides and gold from the Aus sies. Australia, like the home land, has gone through the throes of government owner ship and while some socialis tic interest is apparent, the factories operated By the gov ernment during the war, have been leased or sold to pri vate interests. The telephone system, however, is govern ment owned. Transportation Dcvaloptd Air, rail and water trans portation is now highly de veloped. During WW II a transcontinental highway was built and since then much at tention has been given to mod ern construction in the cities. Australia has paid the price lor favors received as the gem of the Pacific Island, ( two out of three Australian men, between 18 and 45. served in th armed forces in WW 11. Print' says that the larue O Inspectors To Help Prevent Plane Hijacking Washington-iUPP-The Federal Aviation Agency is readying a corps of specially trained flight Inspectors to help pre vent any recurrence of last summer's "skyjacking" incid ents, it has been learned. The training Includes cours es in firearms and judo, con ducted by the United States Border Patrol. Thus far, 18 volunteer "graduates" have been sworn In as U. S. marsh als. The FA A would not say how many Inspectors eventu ally will receive such training. The 18 man nucleus of the antihijacking corps will be based In Chicago, Miami. Dallas and Kansas Clly. Pre sumably, they would board any flight on which a hijack ing attempt might be suspect ed and assigned a scat near the cockpit for the chief pur pose of protecting the crew. To Continua Duties All 18 are regular Inspect ors who will continue their normal duties of spot-checking pilot performances, monitor ing maintenance procedures and conducting qualification and proficiency flights. Creation of the "elite corps" was the latest of many actions taken after three hijackings of U. S. airliners last summer. Continental, Pan A m e r lean and Eastern planes wound up in Cuba for brief periods. Congress swiftly passed leg islation tightening the laws against sky piracy, including a provision allowing an op tionul death penalty. Armed guards rode many flinMs. Confessed Arsonist Undex Examination Seattle-IVMI - An extensive psychiatric examination has been started on James V. Mill er, Seattle, who has confessed to setting fire to his home last Friday. Three of his five chil dren died as a result of the blaze. o The examination was order ed by King County Prosecutor Charles O. Carroll. Miller lold police he set the fire in an ivt'cmnt to burn his O wife and children to death. The victims were David. 3. ator examinations wftbe held "" ,n " in the electronics building of 14 Oregon Technical InstltuttO o Klamath Falls, Saturday, May AT TRAVIS O 19. according to a federal c c , cw ,im communion, commission' ()( M w Vanent.ne. Radio Operator Exams Scheduled at 071 Klamath Falls - Radio oper- segregated schools. On the other side of the dis pute is the belief, widely held among educators, that children should go to school in their own neighborhoods. It follows that children from Negro neighborhoods will often go to largely Negro schools and youngsters who live in primarily white neigh- i borhoods will generally wind up in schools which are pre-' dominantly white. This, it is j argued, is an accident of geo-! graphy, not segregation. j The first major break-! through in the fight over "de facto segregation" came last winter in New Roehelle, N.Y. A federal district court judge j ruled that segregation does j not have to be sanctioned by ! law to exist. The judge ruled in favor of j a group of Negro parents who i ! wanted to take their children j out of a school they said was I segregated and to transfer them to other schools. His de cision was based directly on i the 1954 Supreme Court de-j clsion which declared segre gation of the public schools to be unconstitutional. The case went to the Su preme Court, and the Su preme Court refused to over turn the decision. The man credited with a a large share of the victory at New Roehelle was a young Negro attorney from New York named Paul B. Zuber. In the months that followed, Zuber, 34, became a special ist in the techniques of bring ing the issue of "de facto" segregation before the federal court. , Zuber took a hand in some of the most far-reaching court fights in Chicago, E n g 1 e wood, N.J., and Newark, N.J. Sometimes he acted with the backing of the NAACP more recently without it. Zuber quarreled with some NAACP leaders, charging that they weren't moving fast enough. And there were hints that some top forces In the NAACP didn't think much of Zuber's dramatic tactics. which included his backing of a Negro buyers' strike In Englewood. Zuber answered critics of the Englewood boycott this way: "The only time we are con sidered is when we spend a dollar. The people aren't try ing to be troublemakers or to resort to violence, but their patience has run out." Major Suits These were some of the re cent major suits levelled at al leged "de facto segregation" in the North and West: New Jersey: New Jersey federal courts fielded anti segregation suit from four cities the major center of Newark and the well-to-do Newark suburbs of Orange and Montclair. and Engle wood, just a 35-minute train ride from mid-Manhattan. Zuber was acting for the NAACP when he filed the Newart suit in federal court last October. It received lit tle attention, although the New Jersey Federation of Teachers agreed with him In backing an "open enrollment policy." The New Jersey dispute grew heated four months later when Zuber, now dis associated from the NAACP, filed suit in Englewood. In addition to the huycrs' strike, 100 Negro and white persons staged an all-night protest "sit in" demonstration. Eleven of them were arrested. New York: After the New Roehelle decision, the town of Hempstead became the cen ter of the segregation dispute in New York state. The NAACP filed a federal suit charging that three of the city's schools were "rie fac'o aegregated" and that a pro posed school building pro gram would continue the pat torn. The NAACP launched a similar campaign, but had not yet filed suit, at Amily- villo. N.Y. j Chicago: Zuber launched his most ambitious project in I Chicago, the nation's second largest Negro center. Acting ! on behalf of ,19 NcRro school children, he and Chicago at- j torney Raymond Ilarth i brought suit against the entire . Chicago school system. In ef-1 feet, they said they svere rep resenting every Negro child In Chicago in charging that gerrymandered school boun daries, school site selections and the "neighborhood school" theory added up o "de facto segregation." Philadelphia: The NAACP. acting for eight children, charged in federal court that the Philadelphia board "as sign teachers on the basis of , race and color (T) id controls transfers of pupils and teach. I ers from one district to an other on the basis of race and color." O , nearer. I mand integration of North- board orders insured that Kansas City, Kan.: The west Junior High school. It Northwest would slay all NAACP went to court to de-' was charged that new school white. t.ns Anoples- A Pasadena ! Hren were allowed to cross I though they had to walk di- Negro father, William John- j school district lines to attend : rectly past a predominant 'son. charged that white chil-! primarily white schools, even Negro school to do it. release The exams will begin at 8:30 a.m. and will include radiotelegraph, r a d I o t e 1 e phone, amateur code and an amateur written test. Appli cation forms may be obtained bv writina to room 201. United States Court house. ! school graduate Portland. 5, or at the time of the examination in Klamath Falls. nitrnit- In a on it mfit.-h Medford, i, returning to Trav- ,, , dM(i ri r of is Air Force base, Calif , fol-; Ncw Rc,.e case, it was lowing his completion of the, l.h(1,.((rj , h a , )e nrlroit Air Force special course fnr!uard o( E(1ut.Ht 1C1 sentry dog handler mporvis--?,,,,, jn(,d an(l ,un nantB1, ors at Lackland Air Force a racially segregated school base, Tex. He is a Crater High 1 svstem." ' At issue was the and his wife is the former Miss Michele L. Watklns, 1641 Myers lane. Medford. transfer of 145 pupils between two school a mile and half apart instead of to schools which attorneys said were OM& WILLIAMSBURG a combed percale fashion sheet by Springmaid now for the first time printed hems en both white and pastel sheets PLUS all-over prints on fitted sheets 14 North Central. 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