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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (April 27, 1962)
MEDKOHD MAIL TR1BUNL. MEDFORD. OREGON FRID.t Y. APRIL 27. 1962 A 9 College Research To Help Navy Sort Out Sounds Under Water Eugene - Research being conducted by a visiting pro fessor at the University of Oregon may one day help the Navy sort out the sounds it hears in the ocean's depths. Recording and interpreting the underwater grunts, squeaks, purrs, and knocks of fish communicating with fish is the, special interest of Dr. Howard E. Winn, visiting pro fessor in the biology depart ment during spring term. Dr. Winn is a Guggenheim fellow on leave from his post as associate professor of zo ology at the University of Maryland. Fish Communications More than 50 per cent of fish make sounds and use them as a means of communi cation, Or. Winn said, al- to 6 mum Pil. imiI. adv.. StatflM fmr Stlta Senator, R. Ricktm, ch., Medford, Or.. though scientists were not aware of this fact until the development of sensitive un derwater listening devices during World War II. The Navy found that enemy submarines could go undetect ed in schools of snapping shrimp because the listening devices could not be distin guished between the sub's en giner and the animal sounds. Dr. Winn receives support for his project from the Of fice of Naval Research as part of the Navy's project to cata log all marine life sounds and determine the times and places when they may be heard. Studying Ears In addition, Dr. Winn holds a grant from the U.S. Public Health service, which is inter estcd in learning more about the mammalian ear and, ulti mately, human hearing, by studying the ears of other kinds of vertebrates, includ ing fish. Dr. Winn is on the Oregon campus to collaborate with Dr. Melvin J. Cohen, associ ate professor of biology at the University, in a study of the neurophysiology of hearing, using the fresh-water catfish. In these experiments, Drs. Winn and Cohen will broad cast a scries of sounds on an underwater loudspeaker' and chart a hearing curve for the catfish from an oscilloscope connected to the fish's audi tory nerve. Later, during June and July, Dr. Winn hopes to be able to record the sounds made by the midshipman, a marine fish which produces sounds only during the spawn ing season. Spawning ground for these small fish is the in tertidal zone' along the Pacific coast. Three Types of Sound Among the fish that Dr. Winn has studied during the past four years in Bermula, Puerto Rico, Chesapeake bay, and along the fresh water streams of the east coast, three types of communication are predominant, the zoologist said. These are a warning sound when a predator is near, a defense sound to keep one fish out of the territory of another, and seasonal sounds associat ed with the spawning period. The male fresh-water min now of Atlantic coast streams, for instance, produces a slow series of knocks to warn away other males and a gentle purr ing sound in his courtship of the female, Dr. Winn said. The male toad fish of Ches apeake bay, Dr. Winn pointed out, employs a grunt to warn other fish away from its nest and makes a sound like a boat whistle during the spawning season, apparently to allow the female to find him. May Sat Off Mines In addition, Dr. Winn has found that the toad fish sound is almost as intense as that of a jet engine and is sufficiently powerful to set off under water accoustical mines. Fish produce sound by con tracting muscles against the swim bladder, which acts as a sort of drum or sounding board, the scientist said. Fish have only an inner ear, located next to the brain. An outer and middle ear are unnecessary, Dr. Winn point ed out, because the density of the fish and the water are al most equal, and sound can pass directly through the tis sues to the inner ear. Teachers Awarded Paid Fellowships James L. Healh, Medford High school teacher, and Sis ter Mary Agatha Aicher, St. Mary's High school teacher. have been awarded all-ex pense fellowships to attend the summer fellowship pro gram in economics at Clare- mont college, Claremoht, Calif. The program will be from June 18 to July 27 and pre sents a concentrated, non- mathematical study of the structure and functions of the American economics systems. Hatfield Discloses Industrial Expansions Salem-WI-Gov. Mark Hat field said Thursday that in March, Oregon had industrial expansions of $3,230,000, with 10 new or expanded plants an nounced, under construction or opened, involving a po tential of 352 new jobs. COLLEGE INVESTMENTS New York - OlFD - Corpora tions across the nation invest ed $10,413,731 in private higher education throughout 40 states and regional associa tions during 1961, the Inde pendent College Funds of America, Inc., reports. Ruffled Favorites RUFFLES-Summer's most Important fashion word! Treat a little girl to this gay set in nifty, thrifty poplin, pique, linen or no-iron fabric. Printed Pattern 9073: Chil dren's Sizes 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. Sizj 8 top takes ', yards 35- inch fabric; slacks 1 yards Thirty-five cents in coins for this pattern - add 10 cents for each pattern for first- class mail. Send to Marian Martin, Medford Mail Tri bune, Pattern Dept., 232 West 18th St., New York 11, N.Y. Print plainly NAMiS. AD DRESS with SIZE and STYLE NUMBER. Extra Big Summer Pattern Catalog - over 106 styles for all sizes, occasions. 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