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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (March 19, 1961)
Defense, Disarmament Inseparable in Foreign Policy of U.S. 6 A MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE. SUNDAY, MARCH 19, 1961 President Kennedy Calls for Inspection. Control of Arms sC (Editor's note: This li the seventh topic being discussed by Great Decisions groups this week. This week's subject Is "Arms and Survival." Material presented here was furnished by the Foreign Policy association World Affairs Center, New York . City.) U.S. defense and disarma ment are inseparable foreign policy issues, one dependent on the other. U.S. defense provides se curity against Communist ag gression. Yet to continue the arms race poses a profound dilemma for both the general public and policymakers alike. The pace and cost of the arms race, the destructive power of modern nuclear weapons, the danger that this power may be spread to oth er nations, or may be set off accidentally, are factors which must be weighed in the bal ance. President Kennedy has said, "The deadly arms race, and the huge resources it absorbs, have too long overshadowed all else we must do. We must prevent that arms race from spreading to new nations, to new nuclear powers, and to the reaches of outer space." Ideal Solution The ideal, of course, would be to eliminate weapons and to outlaw war completely. The USSR has played on these aspirations with propaganda for peace, as the Stockholm Peace Petition, and proposals (whether genuine or not) for "general and complete dis armament." But in the reality of the cold war the U.S. has refused to accept any form of dis armament which may expose it to treachery or to the secret buildup of forces or weapons, which might put it at a dis advantage in case of conven tional attack or which might even invite defeat by non military means. U.S. policy is based on the premise that It is necessary to deter ag gression. This reliance on power is due to several assumptions. It is assumed, for Instance, that the arms race Is a symp tom, not a cause of the cold war, although the nature of the weapons tends to aggra vale the conflict. It is assumed that the Communists are de termined in their aims to dominate the world. It is as- turned that tree world se curity may depend on con trolled power rather than on the elimination of power. It is assumed that political set tlement, for the time being', is Impossible. And it is assum ed that the aim of disarma ment negotiations is to re duce the danger of open mili tary conflict. Face Hard Realities In the present world, in other words, we are faced with the hard realities of two mas sive power blocs, armed with deadly weapons, opposing each other in potential com bat. President Kennedy has called for "serious and pre cise proposals for the inspec tion and control of arms. But many complicated prob lems must be solved before arms are, In fact, controlled The American public and U.S. policymakers are there fore faced with several more immediate considerations These stem from the reality of today s world. The U.S. must face, for in stance, the fact that war, now as before the Atomic Age, is still possible by accident or design. No defense system however carefully planned; can assure against a defec tive guidance device taking a test rocket off course, an acci dental explosion at an over seas U.S. air base being mis taken for an attack, or man's general fallibility. Another Problom Another immediate prob lem is the likelihood of fur ther stalemate in disarma ment negotiations. The his tory of negotiations between 1048 and the present suggest that it is difficult to assure "adequate" control of arms. The USSR, obsessed with the need for Internal secrecy, has refused to approve various in spection plans. The U.S., on its side, requires adequate control of arms as part and parcel of a disarmament agreement. Recent Soviet at tacks On the UN, the most probable watchdog of an arms settlement, make the pros pect of an early agreement seem dim. A third immediate problem Is that of facing the conse quences of possible failure of negotiations. Should test ban talks, reconvening in Geneva, March 21, tail, tor instance, the U.S., to maintain security, may itnd it necessary to re-1 new testing of nuclear ' de vices. The failure of other dis armament negotiations may mean a general speedup of the arms race. President Kennedy has al ready urged measures to remedy any possible weak nesses in U.S. military strength. He has ordered a thorough study of relative arms strength between the U.S. and USSR. He has also ordered an im provement in U.S. conven tional forces, such as increas ing air transport for troops and stepping up training for guerrilla warfare. But the most important, im mediate problem before the American public and its lead ers is that of living, as long as It may be necessary, with the insecurity of the arms race and the uncertain future of renewed attempts at negotiation. The formulation of a clear sense of national purpose, be ing considered by many groups and people throughout the country, therefore becomes even more important in view of the necessity of living with the possibility of disaster. 'Precise' Formula Being Planned (Kdltor'i note: The following dispatch Is the icventh of eight being published In connection with the "Great Declf Ions" pro gram of the non-profit, non partisan Foreign 1'ollcy Associa tion. It Is related to the seventh dlscustilon topic: "Arms and Survival Strategies to Avert Disaster.") Hardware Store Is Semi-Fina!isf Acme Hardware company, Medford, has been named one of 10 harthvare-housewares and 24 building materials dealers selected as finalists for the Brand Names Foundation's "Brand Name lietailcr-of-the- Year" awards. The Medford firm is one of two finalists on the West Coast. . Later this month, a judging panel, comprised of executives of stores which won last year's competition, will take charge of picking one winner in each of the foundations 24 retail classifications. According to contest offi cials, the winners will be hon ored at a banquet May 4, in the Waldorf-Astoria hotel in New York City. By STEWART HENSLEY Washington lUPIl President Kennedy and his top associ ates are trying to work out a "serious and precise" formula to halt the global arms race and lessen the danger of glo bal holocaust. The task is truly formidable but the com pulsions of the atomic age spur on the new effort. The administration hopes to have ready by midsummer a comprehensive proposal for general arms control to pre sent to the Soviet Union and GETS IRAN POST Washington llll'll Presi dent Kennedy named Julius J C. Holmes, a career diplomat I now In Hong Kong, to be U.S. ambassador to Iran. Holmes, 61, was chosen lo succeed Ed ward T. Wales in Teheran. Gongrafuf C amp Fir e nW".h Birthday! For fifty-one golden years camp fires have been burning, girls have been singing the joys of being a Camp Fire Girl. Upon the occasion of Camp Fire Cirl Week we congratulate those who belong to this fine, typically American organization, and salute the many adult workers who devote generously their time, effort and money toward advancing this fine Youth Program. May we remind the people of Medford and the Rogue River Valley that TODAY is CAMP FIRE CIRL SUNDAY when this organization is especially honored in appropriate church services. BIRTHDAY WEEK Support the Camp Fire Girls' Week Help Keep Them Happy By Keeping Them Healthy! Activities of Camp Fire Girls re quire Energy . . . and MILK MAKES Energy So, be sure your girls get plenty every day to give them lary strength they need. Drink plenty of MILK yourself you NEVER outgrow your need for MILK! Drink at Least 3 Glasses of ,f.L;MILKittcjyiaui ed. Drink it ! O Milk a Day! Phoenix-Talent Teachers Receive Institute Grants Phoenix - Three teachers in the Phoenix-Talent school district have received Nation al Science Foundation ex pense grants for summer in stitutes this year, according to E. R. James, superintend ent. Participating in the sessions at Reed college, University of Oregon, and Southern Oregon college will be Mildred James, mathematics i n s t r u c t or; George Nelson, Talent Junior High principal; and Marvin Williams, science instructor. Mildred James was one of 25 teachers receiving a na tional grant for a sequential institute on the teaching of secondary mathematics offer ed at Reed. The participants were se lected from a group of 90 teachers from throughout the United Slates attending for mer summer institutes at the Oregon college. Nelson will attend the Uni versity of Oregon conference designed to acquaint teach ers in grades 7 through 12 with modern developments in the teaching of mathematics He will teach the beginning math sequence in the eighth grade for students following a coordinated math program through high school. Williams will attend the SOC meeting designed to ac quaint teachers with recent developments in science teaching, and to strengthen their capacity to present the inquiry-type of the junior high school science course. other major powers. Kennedy is committed to try again for the agreement with Russia which has eluded negotiators for many years. Meanwhile, the atomic "B i g Three" The United States, Britain and Russia are resuming their marathon negotiations on one segment of the arms problem. This concerns a proposed treaty to ban nuclear weapons tests under discussion off and on for 28 months. The lengthy quest for arms control which might lead eventually to complete dis armament always has broken down in recent years in dis agreement on the basic issue of control and inspection pro cedures to police the program. Insists on Consultation Now the general disarma ment picture has been compli cated by Red China s insist ence upon being consulted and France's breakthrough on the nuclear front. On the question of control and inspection, the United States and allies have insisted that any arms limitation agreement must provide for foolproof procedures to guard against violations of the pact. The Soviet Union has de manded that first there be a formal agreement on disarma ment before any attempt is made to set forth procedures to police the treaty. The West says this is too risky. The Kremlin claims Western in spection and control propos als are nothing but plans for President Eisenhower had as- disguised espionage. Recurrent efforts to nego tiate disarmament have tend ed to take on the aspect of East-West propaganda battles, with each side seeking to con vince the world that it is the only one sincerely working for control. President Kennedy's top adviser, John J. McCloy, and other officials in the field rec ognize that secrecy is one of the big military assets of the Soviet Union and its closed society. It is an asset which the Kremlin is not expected to bargain away cheaply, If at all. Some U.S. officials feel that it may never be possible to get the Russians to abandon their pathological dread of surveillance to the point of accepting a reasonable inspec tion system. Replies to Proposal When President Eisenhower in 1956 offered his "open skies" idea for aerial inspec tion of all territory to guard against surprise attack and police a disarmament agree ment, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev had a blunt answer for, the American ambassador; "D oes Eisen hower think I'm a fool? I know where his military in stallations are; he doesn't know where mine are." Communist China's growing might presents Western offi cials with another problem in the disarmament picture. sumed that if an agreement were reached with the Soviet Union, the Kremlin could per suade Red China to abide by its terms. Khrushchev appar- enty encouraged that idea Now. however, Chou En- lai has said that Red China will recognize no disarma ment agreement or nuclear test ban unless it has had a hand in the negotiations. Present Difficult Problem Secretary of State Dean Rusk has acknowledged that this presents a difficult prob lem, since the United States refuses to recognize or deal with the Peking regime. But Rusk admitted publicly that it would be impossible to con ceive of a workable disarma ment agreement if Red China were not included. The United States for many years considered that an agreement on disarmament would be impossible until the political disputes between Russia and the West were re moved. However, under Brit ish pressure, the American government came around to the idea of trying to reach arms and other agreements despite inability to settle poli tical differences. The Kennedy administra tion will continue this effort. But it hopes to come up with some new strategy and tactics which offer greater hope for winning Soviet acceptance. The odds, in diplomatic cir cles, are not considered good. 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Concerning Himself he said, "The foxes have holes and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man hath not where to lay his head." Notwithstanding, He lived a life so rich and full that He stands as a water shed In time. This message is not to say that poverty is more to be ex tolled than riches, but rather to remind us that, being as a people possessed of super abundance of things, wo need the more to give heed to the more important considera tions of the spirit. The observance of Lent provides an occasion and op- portunity for all who will to make thoughtful and compre hensive plans for the onrich- ment of their lives. Resources 1 in great variety arc available - through Christian churches In every community, and minls- ters and priests stand ready j to make suggestions and to open up avenues of study and activities. BUSY LITTLE BEE London il'PH The Lon don express, ever solicitous of Princess Margaret, Thurs day printed the following ar ticle; "A bee buzzed Princess Margaret yesterday as she left the platform after a launching ceremony at John Browns Shipyard at Clydebank." PICKET LINES "OP-" Astoria -HT! - International Woodworkers Alliance Wednesday put up picket lines at all Crown-Zellerbacli operation and their contract loggers In Clatsop county,. t ww pieces gBm .Aguaranteed IIP- -W:m Bt- SAVINGS tfvS ; . ,lk Jl : 1 ..: i ill ; IK I ..... I cfc wAt - fl ui I hah Ktnnrinii n- - I-Sf I Nights 'III 9 WT) A 2 L-i JMW W) BOYS' HATS JMf & f THi xtrrvl? ,N SPRING'S l t. fa! ; NEW SHAPES ' fttl . fyW 4CToy THB LAST WORD-Jun. !J& flifV :'- '&mix 4 1) ior versions of the latest v Eha'Vi A AJwJ J Tr ssk f men's styles-note the nar- ifAdfV-in r-'iSfv yf sZl 31s. ' - J rower brims, the lower dlivKKTOM )$&&C NT" f W- crowns. And these are qual- M.l?5 '"JO 7SftAOfc V te j! 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