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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 9, 1961)
8 D THURSDAY. FEBRUARY 9. 1961 MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, ORE. Pollution Control Measures Are Needed To Clean Up Nation's Water Supplies ' Washington -(UPD- America's need for pure water is grow ing at an astronomical rate. .The nation now uses an ave rage of 322.9 billion gallons of water a day. Experts predict water use will jump to 411.2 billion gallons daily by 1970 and to 597.1 billion gallons daily by 1980. At the same time, most of the, nation's rivers the main source of water are becom ing more seriously polluted every day. . Residents .. of Washington don't need water tests to tell them on summer day that the Potomac river has become vir tually an open sewer. New England's Connecticut river has been declared uns.u'e as a public water supply, and the pollution situation on '.he Mississippi river at St. Louid has been classified as "serious." In California, dis solved fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides choke the lower San Joaquin river dur ing the irrigation season. The same problem exists in nearly every port of the nation. Against this backdrop, some 1,500 persons will gather in Washington Dec. 12-14 for the first National Conference on Water Pollution. Dr. Leroy E. Burney, sur geon general of the U.S. Pub lic Health Service, has called the meeting at the request of President Eisenhower and Secretary of Health, Educa tion and Welfare Arthur S. Flemming. ' Rainmaker Ability Still Questionable, Physics Head Says Now York, N.Y.-(Scicnlific American Feature) - Although it has been convincingly dem onstrated by a dozen years of experimentation that man can sometimes cause rain to fall by seeding clouds with Vari ous substances, the efficacy of the rainmaker's art is still questionable, according to B. J. Mason, head of the cloud nhvsics laboratory at the Im perial College of Science and Technology in London. "During the 1930's Tor Ber geron of Sweden and Walter Findeisen of Germany pro vided a theory of cloud be havior that seems to account satisfactorily for much of the world's precipitation," says Dr. Mason. "They proposed that clouds remain stable until a , small percentage of the cloud droplets finally freeze spontaneously or other wise. When water molecules are 'locked into place in an ice crystal, they evaporate much less rapidly than they do from a drop of water. As a result the crystals grow more rapid ly than the droplets; finally, an the air is denuded of mois- ' ture by the Ice crystals, the wnter droolets evaporate and disaDDeat'. ' The ice crystals meanwhile grow large enough to fall toward the earth, (liven on a hot summer. day the air above 15,000 feet is usually below freezing.) In falling into Ihe lower, warmer region oi the cloud, the snowflakcs may melt and reach the ground as raindrops. . From Warm Clouds ' -" "Bergeron and Findeisen 'originally believed that vir tually all-the world's. precipi tation - snow or rain - origi nated with this ice - crystal mechanism, but now it is known that, especially In the tropics, rain sometimes falls from clouds so warm that Ice could never have formed In them. Findeisen proposed as earlv as 1938 that for Ice crystals to appear in super cooled clouds a nucleating or seeding agent might be re quired. This turned out to be so. , Bui what kind of ''seed' works best and what Is the source of nature's seed? These questions have engaged my colleagues and I at the Im perial college for a number of years. "We find, first of all, that tinder favorable circumstances current techniques of cloud seeding can increase rainfall from 10 to 15 per cent. It is our hope Hint Improved tech niques can be found for bet tering the yield. With that end In view we have develop ed methods for supercooling clouds In the laboratory and seeding them with selected materials, both synthetic and natural. "Of the 30 terrestrial dusts that we have tested, 16 (main ly silicate minerals of the clay and mica varietyl produced ice crystals In supercooled clouds at temperatures be tween 10 and 15 degrees be low zero Centigrade. These substances aro all minor con stituents of the earth's crust. It is significant that common materials such as sen sand were not active. The most abundant of the active sub stances that we have tested Is kaollnite, which Initiates ice formation at nine degrees be low zero C. This mineral is common enough to provide an important source of ice nuclei, Basic Processes "These findings do not, of course, tell us whether we can hope eventually to modify the weather. Rather, the studies are aimed at establishing some of the basic physical processes that arc involved in the na tural formation of rain. Every stable, supercooled cloud is visible evidence that effective nucleating agents aro fre quently lacking. Whether pro viding them artificially, under favorable conditions, will sig nificantly increase snowfall or rainfall is a matter still to be resolved to the general satis faction of meteorologists." Sew If In A Day Ji7P9327 ". I . 10-18 i it . -fir j Away with sleeves! Spring's smoothest sheath Is pared down to a cool, uncluttered minimum. Make companion blouse later on for a jumper ouitii. easy-bow Dress - no waist seams. Printed Patlcrn 0327: Miss- es' Sizes 10, 12, 14, 16, 18. Size 16 takes 2's yards 35 inch fabric. Send FIFTY CENTS (coins) for this pattern - add 10 cents for each pattern for first-class mailing. Send to Marian Mar tin, Medford Mail Tribune, Pattern Dept., 232 West 18th St., New York 11, N. Y. Print plainly NAME, ADDRESS with SIZE and STYLE NUM BER. 100 FASHION FINDS - the best, newest, most beautiful Printed Patterns for Spring Summer, 1961. See them nil in our brand-new Color Cata log. Send 35 cents now! Representatives of federal state and local governments, industry and agriculture, con servation groups and civic as sociations will attempt to outline the nation's pollution control needs for the coming decade. Their findings and opinions, Dr. Burney said, will be pre sented to the new administra tion and the new Congress Here are some questions and answers about the prob lems facing the conference Q W h a t are the chief causes of polluted streams? A Municial sewage and in dustrial wastes, along with some agricultural pollution. In the last 60 years, municipal wastes rose 200 per cent, while industrial pollution jumped 2,900 per ' cent. Streams also have registered an increase in chemicals from insecticides that are washed into water supplies. Added to this is the danger, nut entire ly in the future, of radioactive wastes contaminating the wale, we use. j Q. Is the pollution prob lem widespread? A Yes, every section of the nation is affected. Boston Harbor, southern Lake Michi gan, San Francisco Bay and the Hudson, ' Delaware, Ohio, Cumberland, ' Arkansas, Red and Colorado rivers are among the major waterways with serious pollution problems. ' Q What is the pollution- control picture at this time? A. The U.S. Public Health Service estimates the nation needs $4 billion in municipal and industrial sewage treat ment plants that it doesn't have. Experts say that 4,000 hew sewage plants and the modernization of an addition al 1,700 others are needed to handle the present load : of municipal sewage and that in dustry needs 6,000 new proj ects right now. Q. What has been done to combat municipal pollution in recent years? A. In the last four years, some $1,004,000,000 has been spent on municipal sewage fa cilities. The federal govern ment has provided $180 mil lion of this amount. Results of the expenditures include 2,156 new sewage treatment plants and the Improvement of 21,000 miles of streams. . Q. How much will it coat io provide full pollution con trol by 1968? A. Local governments will have to spend $4.6 billion and It will cost industry between $575 and $600 million annual ly if the nation is to have ade quate sewage facilities by 1968. Q What is the largest problem in controlling pollution? A. The Public Health Serv ice says the biggest difficulty is "building public awareness and public interest in the problem" of pollution. Q. What are some of the other problems? A, Indifference often re sults because communities and corporations building sewage treatment plants do not profit directly. It is the cities' and industries down river that reap the benefits of clean water. Moreover, proper pol lution control requires large scale planning and this pre- BEWARE or IMITATIONS IOOK FOR THE HAPPY LITTLC DOG TOPS !N QUALITY! LOW IN PRICE Costs A Lot of Money To Count All Noses Now York - IUPII - It costs a lot of money to count 180 million noses. . According to the Tax Foun dation, the cost of running the i960 census was S127 million or 7! cents a person, against $01 million or 60 cents a pcr- son in 1950. Salem - (DTD - Rep. Ed Bene dict (D-Portland) said Tuesday a ' proposal to let individual counties choose daylight sav ing time if they want It will be presented to the legislature ! MAKE IT A SOCIABLE WEEKEND Pick up an Extra Carton PR scnts equally large problems of engineering and enforce ment since rivers do not re spect state borders. Q. Who uses ihe most wat er in the United States? A. Industry, consuming 159.9 billion gallons a day in 1960, is the largest user of water, followed by agricul ture at 41 billion gallons and municipalities at 22 billion. Industry's demand for water has increased steadily in re cent years. In 1920, it account ed for less than 30 per cent of the nation's water consump tion. This year it uses almost half, and by 1980 it will be using about two-thirds. Q. Why has industry had such a marked increase in water consumption? A. Our expanding indus trial economy is perpetually thirsty. It takes 770 gallons of water, to refine 42 gallons of petroleum; 65,000 gallons to produce a ton of steel or a ton of paper; 200,000 gallons to make a ton of viscose rayon; and 600,000 gallons to make a ton of synthetic rubber. Q. Does the nation face a water shortage now? A. Yes. "Even now there is not enough 'new' water to meet all water needs every where in the country," says the Public Heall Service. The Ohio river provides an ex ample of how water is being used and reused. Water is drawn from the river at cer tain times of the year used and dumped back for further use an average of 3.7 times during its 1,000-mile course. Q. Will this pattern con tinue? A. Definitely. In 10 years, experts say, the nation will use 16.2 billion gallons of wat er a day over its available demandable supply and by 1980, this figure will reach 82.1 billion gallons enough to fill more than eight lakes the. size of Lake Mead backed up behind Hoover Dam. Prairie Dogs Get Own Town Lubbock, Tex.-(UPD-One of the country's strongest towns is a tiny but bustling village that looks something like a vast bed of baby volcanoes. The town is only seven-and-a-half acres in area, and has a current population of 600. It is "Prairie Dog Town, U.S.A.," situated at Lubbock Tex., where the West Texas plains lay a flatland carpet to the Panhandle. The chubbiest, best-cared-for prairie dogs imaginable live in the town, pampered from visitors' handouts and protected by a fence from out side invasions. The prairie dogs didn't al ways have it so good. They were about to be erased from the West Texas countryside until nature lovers stepped in to save the little members of the squirrel family. The naturalists helped cre ate the town out of part of MacKenzie State Park. The prairie dog population of 600 at the village is small compared with the estimated 400 million of the little dogs that used to romp the area a half-centry ago. - r . Widespread use of poisoned grain to clear ranch and farm ing land of prairie drj bur rows decimated their herds. The small animals, which get their name from their sim ilarity to cuddly little pups, are considered rare now in parts of the Teaxs range. Kennedy M. Clapp of Lub bock a former member of the State Parks Board, was their earliest champion. ' "Why1 get rid of them?" Clapp asked. "Why not keep them in their own village?" . So the prairie dogs were given the tract ringed by a stone fence and filled with the doggondest maze of prairie dog burrows one could find. The dogs sink their homes about- 12 to 20 feet under ground and the tunnel runs about 6 to 15 feet horizontally below the earth. The loose dirt is used to from a dike around the burrow entrance, giving a volcano-like appearance to 'the home. The dike wards off flash flooding of the home. The prairie dogs attract a couple of million visitors each year, and the Sultan of Mo rocco became so fascinated with the little animals after seeing them in a movie that he asked for several as pets. They also are sent to parks and zoos that agree to pamper them. . 1 , Defense System Along with the protective dikes, they have a civil de fense system all their own. The prairie dogs don't al low vegetation to grow taller than six Inches within 100 feet of a burrow. This permits them to. keep a lookout for intruders. If an intruder ap proaches, the dogs chatter a warning to the town. They all freeze until the intruder gets too close, then a final warning sends them scurrying underground. When danger is past, the residents bark an all-clear and the prairie dogs resume their solemn posts at the. entrances to the burrows. 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Q tins PEARS.'' j "FLAV-R-PAC" ' pa No. 303 RED SOUR , : T tins PIE CHERRIES T CARNATION LIGHT MEAT TUBA 3 jumbo family size .', tins , 1 00 torn Beffiy (rode 2 NEW ANGEL FOOD MIXES ORANGE PINEAPPLE FUDGE-SWIRL HOODY'S PEANUTS BUTTER ..129 jumbo ' f, ' 3-lb. ' ' ; HOODY'S MIXED NUTS c king tlU sanka . O WlilDIllll NEW AROMA ROAST INSTANT $1.15 VALUE LIQUID DETERGENT (Regular 69c Size) LUX BAR SOAP (66c Value) Hm bars W FREE! An Extra Right Hand Glove $139 PLAYTEX GLOVES M PAIR Almost Like Golfing 2 Pail (or the Price of 1 ED MILNE'S MARKET 222 West Main Next to Copco FREE DELIVERY PHONE SP 3-7444 WE ARE CLOSED SUNDAYS In a few Tlays. .
