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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 30, 1961)
ft & o o - 9 8 f MONDAY.ANUAHY 30, lSflO MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. OREGON them to public notice without a recoj vote. Corwin promptly reported five propositions. By the end of February r. resolution were voted M the refills: l.-A ?' I M cllii; !m tiJitnrd entannmttit ef the f Motive 8v Act. JkcMplcd, ' . ffl ..C I j .r J )h'-fm t 1IT to U. FOCAL POINT ILLUSTRATED The last hope of avoiding civil war the Crittenden Compromise died In 1861. It was before Congress only 28 days and it died in com mittee. Some of the points of the plan were extension of the Missouri Compromise line Crittenden By MERTON T. AKERS UPI Corrnpondtnt The last and best hope of avoiding civil war - the Crit tenden Compromise - died early in 1861 and its death was a strange one ' Men who would fight the Civil War on the battlefields and women who would fight no less bravely at home but without the panoply and ex citcment of war, scarcely knew that this bright hope of peace was crushed in the halls of cloakrooms of Congress by their representatives playing a deadly game about equally composed of idealism and politics. The professionals - politi cians, editors and pressure groups - recognized the op portuily and reacted accord' ing to their own lights, but the gravity of the moment never filtered down to the citizens of either side, pre occupied as they were with the ordinary business of liv ing. The compromise was before the nation only 28 days, in cluding the Christmas and New Year holidays. In those days of slow communications public opinion had little time to form. Wat It Too Late? With the death of the Crit tenden Compromise went also the one chance for these men who would furnish the fodder for the greatest blood-letting in the nation's, history to register a choice at the ballot box for or against a try at settling the North-South dif ferences. Whether the compromise would have averted the Civil War is debatable. Most his torians have concluded It came too laic. . Responsibility for killing the compromise rests on many shoulders. History has as signed some of It to Abraham Lincoln, President-elect who wrote Republican congress men to "shun compromise" Another share goes to Jeffer son Davis, Mississippi senator soon to head the new Confed eracy. Davis and his southern colleagues in the Senate re fused to approve the com promise unless the Republi cans also approved It, result ing In a sort of circular trip to nowhere. Amendments Offered The compromise grew out of the Committee of 13, a Sen ate group. The chairmun was John J. Crittenden of Kentucky. He represented the In-belwccns-the border slates, which were split among themselves on the principle of slavery. Ills scat In the Senate once had been held by Henry Clay, (he "great compromiser," but un fortunately, Crittenden had not Inherited the slature and vision of his predecessor. He tried, certainly. For after he was named on Dec. 21). 1860 th day South Carolina so T "Wheat" "AiY Large Sclliig r tk.Aian nil" 1 JU .... ... 9 H n '8IB McAndrewi to the west coast, forbidding of Congress to abolish slavery inside a slave state, and guaranteeing slavery against constitutional change. This original drawing illustrates the local point of the issues, the slave, and some of the points of the compromise. (UPI Telepholo) Compromise Fails ceded lo head this commit- tee he contacted colleagues both North and South and came up with a plan which promptly was tagged the "Crittenden Compromise." In essence, his plan pro vided for six amendments to the Constitution. The first would have ex tended the Missouri Com promise line - that is the southern boundary of Mis souri - to (lhc West Coast; territories north of it to be For Half-Sizes 9491 SIZES life Cool simple sheath plus ver satile bolero add up to smart planning for any bpring-ln- Summcr day. Smartly figured, too, for you who are shorter, fuller. Printed Pattern 9481: Half Sizes 12V4, 14 W, 16'., 181-i. 20"j. 22H. Size 16'a dress lakes 3's yards 35-inch; bo lero 11a yards. Send FIFTY CENTS (coins) for (his pattern - add 10 cents for each pattern for first-class mailing. Send to Marian Mar tin, McdCord Mull Tribune, Pattern Dept., 2112 West 18th St., New York 11, N.Y. Print plainly N A M E. ADDRESS with TIZE and STYLE NUM BER. 100 FASHION FINDS - the best, newest, most beautiful Printed Patterns for Spring Summer. l!)fil. See them all in our brand-new Color Cata log. Send 3Sc now! free, slavery recognized south of It The second would have for bid Congress to abolish slav ery anywhere inside a slave slate. The third would have barred freeing of slaves in the District of Columbia un less the residents voted for it and compensation ;as paid The fourth would havet exempted from federal Inter ference the interstate move ment of slaves. The fifth would have pro vided indemnity to owners for runaway slaves rescued by abolitionists, counties where (he rescues occurred to bear the cost. The sixth would have guar anteed slavery as it then existed against constitutional change. The compromise was voted dtwn in committee, only the northern Democrats and the border slate senators favor ing It. Crittenden Tries Again Crittenden tried another way. On Jan. 3, 1861, he intro duced the compromise in Ihe Senate, tacking to it a pro vision for submitting the plan to a nationwide referendum. The showdown came Jan. 16. The vole to consider the compromise came on an in nocuous substitute resolution. The vote was 25 to 23 for the substitute, killing the com promise. Six southern Demo crats abstained from voting. The 25 votes for the substi tute were all Republican. During the roll call, An drew Johnson of Tennessee, a Union man who later would be vice president and presi dent, pleaded with Judah P. Benjamin of Louisiana, to vole. "Let us save this propo sition and sec if we cannot bring the country to it," he be secehed Benjamin, but (o no avail. Benjamin and his five col leagues obviously wanted no compromise at this point. In week Lousianna would se cede. House Try Fails A parallel and oven less successful compromise at tempt ran simultaneously In the House. A Committee of 33, one member from each slate, had been appo nted early In December and wrangled for weeks without result. By Jan. 14, the committee had reached a stalemate. Finally the committee work ed out from under respon sibility by directing 'he chair man, Tom Corwln of Ohio, to report a set of resolutions to the House without recom mendation, thereby bringing GET A CASH LOAN TO CLEAN UP HOLIDAY BILLS ' from the friendliest people in town CIT? FlttAftCE COMPANY . Main St. Phonal MU. 9-5421, Ashland I'lt imuronct ovoilab't en oil toani at lew eoup roiti l.-A peropwrtiofr clH4 for Unamhtul ejwenamefct to prceiibti tesnftrrina with slarvry. Adopted, 1 to (5. J -A proportion fear i-rn- mudiuUi udmiwHion ad fUir MoHico to the Union, slavery to be decided by the inlubi- lante. Defeated, 115 Ut II. 4.-A propesitioa granting fugitive slaves a trial ley jury, Adopted, 92 to 83. I 5.-A proposition to tighten extradition laws - a measure i growing out of the John ; Brown raid. Defeated. None of the resolutions had i the force of law, merely ex pressing the sentiment of the House. Anolher Plan Offered One more peace effort re mained. Early in January, 1961, Gov. John Letcher of Virginia, alarmed by the bit terness between North and South, proposed a national peace conference to be held in Washington with the Crit tenden Compromise as a basis for discussion. Virginia was a border state torn between the factions and a sure bet to be a battleground if war came. Twenty one states were represented when the confer ence met Feb. 4, -1861, the same day southern delegates gathered In Montgomery, Ala., to form the Confederacy. The seven slates which already had seceded and Arkansas stayed away. Wisconsin, Mich igan and Minnesota declined to send delegates. California and Oregon were too far away to get the word in time. The conference wore along through February in secret sessions. The fumbling Bu chanan administration was running out when the resolu tions of the conference were laid before the House and Senate. The findings followed the Crittenden plan and met the same fate. A Senate com mittee voted down the resolu tions, 28 to 7. The House re fused to consider them. The conference remained in being until the March 4 in auguration of Lincoln. Reunion Plans Are Made for Old Timers Ashland Reunion plans for the Old Timers Branch of the Southern Oregon oollege alumni association were drawn up at a meeting of col lege alumni and officials at the Mcdford home of Mrs. Anna Beeson Carter, his torian. Tentative dales for the re union, which is held every two years on the SOC campus, were set for Aug. 11, 12, and 13 to coincide with the college summer sessions and the Oregon Shakespear ean Festival. Attending were Mrs. Alice French Willits, Old Timers secretary; Mrs. Carter, histor ian; Hugh G. Simpson, SOC director of alumni affairs; and Miss Dana Halaas of the col lege news bureau. Other officers of the organi zation which is composed of all those attending the Old Normal School prior to Its dis continuation by the legisla ture in 1910, are Worth Har vey, Eugene, president; and Dr. Herman Scullcn, Corval lis, vice president. Finletter Named NATO Ambassador Washington - (UPI) - Presi dent Kennedy announced Sat urday he will name former Air Force Secretary Thomas K. Finletter as U. S. Ambassa dor to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Finletler, who was Air Force Secretary from 1950 to 1953, is a leader of the "re form" faction of the Demo cratic party in New York. He is an attorney and investment i banker who, before heading the Air Force, was minister in charge of the Economic Coop eration administration mission to the United Kingdom from 1948 to 1949. Start the year right. Clean up old bills. 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