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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 26, 1960)
MONDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1960 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE, Chance of Shooting War Declared To Be Less in Latter Part of Year 14 A Miscalculation Held Possibly Greatest Danger Editor'! note: A new era of III feelfne between Kast and Wes replaced the Camp David spirit In 19bD. The loliowlnr dlspatrti is a assessment of event of the last 12 months and now they may af fect war or peace. By PHIL NEWSOM UPI Foregin News Analyst As I960 drew to a close, the . world still sought peace on earth. But chances (or a cal culated all-out shooting war between East and West re ceded slightly.. For 1961, the greatest dan gcr could be war by miscalcu lation. Perhaps the greatest single deterrent to war to emerge in 1960 was the United States atomic submarine equipped with the nuclear-tipped Polar is missile. It made retaliation inevitable no matter how dev astating a surprise Commu nist attack. ' The atomic submarine George Washington, with a base on Scotland's Firth of Clyde, is in operation and oth ers soon will follow. . : ' Besides the balance of wea pons, other events indicated Soviet Premier Nikita Khru schev cither did not want or was no ready for an all-out test of arms. I In May, Khruschev used the incident of the US spy plane as his excuse to torpedo the Paris summit conference. He accused the United States of aggression, said such acts inevitably would lead to war and threatened to anni hilate with Soviet rockets any foreign base 'used by a U.S. plane for landing or take-off. Eisenhower's reply: The U2 flights were neces sary to ass' re the safety of the United Slates and the free world .against "surprise , at tack by a power which boasts of its ability to devastate oth ers by missiles .,. with at omic warheads." Khruschev's charges of "treachery" against the Presi dent plunged U.S.-U.S.S.R. re lations to their , lowest point since the Stalin era but the rockets remained on their pads. On July 1, U.S. RB47 photo - reconnaisance plane took off from its British base on a northerly route off th Soviet coast over the Barents Sea. Its equipment suggested it was to check Russian radar defenses. The Russians shot it down, and charged it had pene trated over Russian territory Three of its crew members were killed and two are being held for Russian trial. The United States introduc ed, evidence, to show it had been shot down over Interna tional waters. The delay in the trial of the two Americans suggests that the U.S.S.R. cannot prove its case. In any case, Russian prop aganda repeated previous threats against U.S. foreign bases. Three other events might have tempted the Communists to test their armed strength. The governments of Turkey and the Republic of Korea fell Both border on Red soil, and in the resulting chaos cither might have been a target for Communist intervention, However, the Soviets refrain ed. Coup In Laos The third occurred in the Southeast Asia kingdom of Laos after last August's coup toppling the pro-Western Lao tian government. Russian arms began flowing to Red commanders in Laos, but as pro-Western forces appeared to be gaining the upcr hand, neither the Russians nor the Red Chinese made any im mediate moves to follow up what had been a momentary advantage. Headlines recorded other cold war tides: i Khruschev warns France of reborn German militar ism." , French explode atomic bomb over Sahara Desert. De Gaulle cries, "Hurrah for France.' " : U.S. atomic submarine travels submerged around the world." "U.S. fires Alias ICBM rec ord 9,000 miles." "Communists quit Geneva disarmament talks." Red China rejected In United Nations." Elsenhower orders ships and planes to patrol coasts of 4 -fix i'MmkiLf fii$ . . ... , . ' - ' . .'v..-Ui4 AUTO PRICES HIGH-The automobile situ- East Germany's Wartburg costs $2,250. In ation in Communist satellite countries is far this photo people study a Wartburg on dis from bright. Prices are high compared with play at a Leipzig, Germany, consumer goods the average wage of the satellite worker. 1 fair. (UPI Telephoto) Guatemala and Nicaragua." As I960 passed its midpoint and Cuba slipped surely into the Red orbit, Khruschev said Red rockets would protect Cuba against U.S. aggression Later, he said he hoped his re marks would be taken as symbolic. There were indications that at least some of Khruschev's violent language was a cover- up for difficulties within his own camp. The U2 incident had proved Soviet defenses to be less in vulnerable than advertised, a public embarrassment for Khruschev. Crop failures were lntcrfer- ng with Khurschcv's announ ced intention of catching up to nd surpassing the industrial nd economic might of the United States. Finally, his theme of co existence with the West was meeting a more than cool re ception from Red China, A Communist "summit" session which dragged on for the bet ter part of three weeks in Moscow resulted in a 25,000 word manifesto which gave lip service to Khruschev. The manifesto placed co existence at the vop of the Communist program. But a pledge to aid and encourage revolution from within na tions not yet in the Commu nist orbit indicated the Red Chinese at least had won a point. Khruschev could not yet say he held total sway over world Communism. But, while the danger of an all out shooting war seem ed to recede in I960, the fluid nature of Soviet foreign pol icy continued to move it in our direction. Just as Russia had moved to absorb Cuba ideologically and economically, so also it was rnoving to infiltrate other Latin American nations. Offsetting the Soviet drive was President Eisenhower's enunciation of a modern-day Monroe policy for South and Central America and a new, $500 million program for Lat in America aid. But pointing the way. for new U.S. difficulties in 1961 and Indicating some initial success for the Communist drive were a rash of brush- fire outbreaks throughout Latin America near the year's end. In Japan, the Communists were seeking to exploit the neutralist and left-wing senti ment which forced cancella tion of Eisenhower's visit to Tokyo. There was evidence that new Communist attempts were being made to infiltrate South Korea. Africa was another special target. Swift action by the United Nations prevented a take-over by a Moscow-oriented govern ment in the Congo. It resulted in an all-out at tack by Russia on Secretary- General Dag Hammarskjold before an unprecedented gath ering of heads of state in the U.N. s General Assembly. Khurschev demanded Ham marskjold's . resignation and reorganization of the U.N. either to render it powerless or an arm of Soviet policy. Stalemated at the. end of 1960 were all attempts toward disarmament or a ban on nu clear weapons tests. Auto Situation in Communist Satellites Far From Bright Vienna UPu Three years ago Hungarians remarked wryly: "Our motorization con sists of the diplomats' cars and the cars that follow the diplomats' cars." In comparison, there is al most a parking problem in Budapest today. With a ratio of one car to 8,000 inhabi tants, one can no longer drive confidently up to the Buda pest opera five minutes be fore a performance and slide into an oversize parking space before the door. But the automobile situa tion in the satellites still is far from bright. Parts Unavailable In Bulgaria, complaints are common that "innumerable" cars stand useless because spare parts are unavailable. In Warsaw last February, 500 persons lined up at a car dealer's at dawn the day sales began, and in Lodz, Poland, the line formed three days in advance. Czechoslovakia, most high ly motorized of the Commu nist countries, has a waiting list of 92,000 would-be auto mobile owners, and delivery takes two to three years. A thriving black market in used cars . and gasoline goes on throughout the curtain states despite severe penalties on all caught-or suspected-of such dealings. Although the Hungarian government promises that the second five year plan, which begins next month, will put 39,000 cars on the road, only 5,000 autos are due for sale in 1961. While a state-issued permit to buy a car is no longer nec essary in Hungary (although still in Czechoslovakia), buy ers must deposit the full price before getting onto the waiting list. Prices are high compared with the average wage of the satellite worker. East Ger many's Wartburg costs $2,250, Czechoslovakia's Skoda $2,700 and Russia's Moskvich $2,800. And the average Hungarian's wage is $60 a month. Never theless, buyers line up eager ly to rise above the pedestrian mob. What especially angers the Hungarians is that al though there are only some 8,000 privately owned cars, the total number of registered passenger vehicles is 18,000. The Hungarian weekly "Gazdasagi Figyeloe" com plained bitterly that "we hold a very low position in the in ternational car-owning statis tics, but would probably run first in the world regarding the percentage of cars run by state ministries." . Due to the disproportion of demand to supply, Budapest's one used car dealer, "Auto ker," docs a thriving business in old models discarded by the state-owned taxi service The manager says 500 persons jam the store each morning and there is a daily turnover of eight to 10 cars-when avail able. Ancient Wartburgs of a vintage that would be sold for scrap in the West net $1,700, Moskviches $2,400. In Czechoslovakia, the situ ation is somewhat better, with a satellite record of 100,000 private automobiles on the road. The Czechs, however, are understandably irate that two-thirds of their automo bile production is exported at prices lower than within the country. Thus, an Octavia Super may be bought in Aus tria for $1,468 whereas in Prague it costs $5,361. - Despite the lack of automo biles, mechanical interest and understanding runs high in the satellites. Western diplo mats, accustomed to finding crowds three deep around their parked cars,, admit with chagrin that they are con stantly asked highly techni cal questions about the in nards of their model - which they usually cannot answer. I DON'T BE LEFT AT THE POST ... Illll . . : . . 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